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Judaizm wobec animacji ludzkiego embrionu

100%
Aleksiejuk A.
ELPIS
|
2011
|
vol. 13
|
issue 23-24
299-316
EN
According to biblical anthropology, human beings are composed of body and soul. The question arises, however, at what moment does the body of the embryo possess a spiritual element? Can the breath of God visit the created and already developing in its own biological rhythm embryo? The key issue here is the moment of animation - the origin of a living being, which is created in the image and likeness of God. This article presents various Jewish points of views on the animation of the human embryo, all of which attempt to determine the exact moment at which the soul is breathed into the human body. Rabbinical authorities distinguish five different moments in this process: conception, the forty first day after conception, the birth of the child, the moment of circumcision and the moment in which the child is able to say 'Amen.' The first three mentioned cases have the most supporters. The first refers to the simultaneous animation, while the other theories argue for successive animation.
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THE SCOURGE: MORAL IMPLICATIONS OF NATURAL EMBRYO LOSS (Plaga. Moralne konsekwencje naturalnej utraty embrionu)

88%
Ord T.
Archeus. Studia z bioetyki i antropologii filozoficznej
|
2009
|
vol. 10
63-79
EN
It is often claimed that from the moment of conception embryos have the same moral status as adult humans. This claim plays a central role in many arguments against abortion, in vitro fertilization, and stem cell research. In the paper I show that this claim leads directly to an unexpected and unwelcome conclusion: that natural embryo loss is one of the greatest problems of our time and that we must do almost everything in our power to prevent it. I examine the responses available to those who hold that embryos have full moral status and conclude that they cannot avoid the force of this argument without giving up this key claim. The original version was published in 'The American Journal of Bioethics' 8(7), 2008, 12-19. We would like to thank the Editorial Staff, and particularly the Executive Managing Editor, Summer Johnson PhD, for giving their permission to publish a Polish translation.
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