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EN
The nuclear family, consisting of children, mother and father, is often the primary unit of analysis in migration studies. However, this approach has been criticised for its normative context. More recently, scholars have emphasized the relational perspective and multi-layered family ties when debating the notion of family. Based on qualitative anthropological research in Western Ukraine and in the Czech Republic, this article adopts this approach by focusing on how the family practices of young Ukrainians (aged 15–16 at the time of migration) challenge the nuclear family framework. These young people are the first migrants from their nuclear families in the Czech Republic, while their parents have remained in Ukraine. The text focuses on the financial support, emotional support, and practical assistance provided to them by their relatives, demonstrating that parents were still important in all three categories, while cousins were significant in providing emotional support and practical assistance.
EN
Despite drawing on a large body of different paradigms, subcultural studies have been conceptualizing subcultures rather uniformly as a world in itself, a reaction to dominant society or a combination of both. In our paper, we argue for more encompassing theoretical view, we call the relational perspective. Inspired by symbolic interactionism and studies on identity and alterity, while building on concepts devised in post-subcultural studies, we claim that particular subcultures are delineated in respect to many different actors. These can be roughly classified into categories of mainstream, other subcultures and enactments of one’s own subculture. Grounded in empirical research of punk and emo subcultures and employing the concepts of in/authenticity (based on subcultural capital formed by subcultural style, ideology and practice), we will show the possibility of application of this perspective in studying contemporary subcultural formations both diachronically and synchronically.
CS
Subkulturní studia čerpala během své historie z celé řady různých sociálněvědních paradigmat – od sociologické tradice chicagské školy přes perspektivu kulturálních studií birminghamské CCCS až po postmodernismus post-subkulturních studií. Ve svém příspěvku chceme na teoretické diskuze subkulturních studií navázat a navrhnout inovativní způsob nahlížení subkultur, který označujeme jako relační perspektivu. V inspiraci symbolickým interakcionismem (G. A. Fine, J. P. Williams), teoriemi identity a alterity (R. Brubaker, F. Cooper, T. H. Eriksen, G. C. Spivak) a vybranými koncepty post-subkulturních teorií argumentujeme, že každá subkultura se vymezuje ve vztahu k mnoha různým aktérům, či přesněji ve vztahu k sociálním reprezentacím těchto aktérů. Jako klíčové aktéry resp. reprezentace identifikujeme 1) mainstream jako sociální reprezentaci dominantní společnosti, 2) jiné subkultury, 3) zjednávání vlastní subkultury. Možnosti aplikace relační perspektivy naznačujeme na našich výzkumech punkové a emo subkultury, a to jak v diachronní, tak v synchronní perspektivě. Ukazujeme, že tato perspektiva nám umožňuje hlubší zaměření se koncept (ne)autentičnosti, založené na subkulturním kapitálu, který je utvářen na základě subkulturního stylu, ideologie a praxí, a může se tak stát zajímavou ve studiu současných subkulturních formací.
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