Search results - CEJSH

1

Social security and social policy as public tasks

100%

Łuczyszyn A., Łuczyszyn M.

Biblioteka Regionalisty

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2016

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issue 16

53-62

EN

The problem of social security is closely related to meeting the needs of residents with a focus on inequalities between different groups at both the regional and local levels. Meeting the needs requires the existence and proper operation of certain institutions that solve social issues. It could be said that this is an area linked to and dependent on social policy, which has no clear definition in literature. Without a doubt, in the context of the development of security the essential elements of that policy are such as social policy, labor protection, employment, health, housing, educational, cultural and environmental protection, prevention and combating social pathology, population, family, policy considering the youth and old people. It is obvious that this kind of policy is limited to providing no equivalent benefits.

2

Selected issues concerning social policy in the context of an aging society

100%

Norbert P.

Praca Socjalna

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2017

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issue 32(1)

17-32

EN

The subject of the article addresses the challenges faced by social policy in the context of social changes in Poland. The needs of the oldest generations are internally diverse and therefore an effective policy must make accurate assessments. The article discusses the main characteristics of the Polish people and the analysis of two aspects of social policy towards the elderly and old age.

3

Polityka społeczna wobec osób niepełnosprawnych w Polsce

80%

Sala K.

Wrocławskie Studia Politologiczne

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2016

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vol. 21

82-95

EN

The problem of disability is an element of social and economic policy of the stateIn Poland, disability affects every tenth person and is present in every fourth household. The wide range of actions is aimed at equality and improvement of the situation of people with disabilities through elimination of architectural, legal or mental barriers. The aim of the publication was to present selected elements of social policy towards the disabled people in Poland, by an indication of the task purpose fund responsible for this area (PFRON) and the tasks of local authorities in this matter. The publication is based on the available literature, statistical data and netography. The article presents briefly the nature and genesis of the concept of disability. It presents as well characteristics of the scale of disability in Poland and discusses the evolution of approaches to persons with disabilities in time.

4

Merited, (Un)Appreciated, (Un)Remembered: Women in Educational and Social Policy Sciences as a Scholarly Discipline in Poland, 1900–39

80%

Bołdyrew A.

Acta Poloniae Historica

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2018

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vol. 117

PL

The first four decades of the twentieth century saw an intense development in the Polish lands of educational sciences and social policy sciences. A role of importance in the development of the underlying theory for these scientific domains and in the pursuit of pioneering empirical studies fell to a group of women who combined their intellectual interests and scientific research with activities in the fields of education and social work. This article seeks to outline their scholarly achievements (until 1939) and point to the specificity of their effort: none of them pursued a ‘classical’ academic career comprehended in terms of getting employed and promoted by a university. Their formative experience consisted in studying abroad and obtaining their doctoral degrees there. Migrations and membership in (or contribution to) international scientific organisations enabled them to deepen their knowledge and present their theories in the international forum whilst also making them acquainted with the academic models functioning in West European countries in the context of female participation. The personal histories of Polish female scholars researching into education and social history show the ‘typical’ experience of reluctance and arbitrariness of the academic circles, male-dominated as they were at that time when gender weighed high on career-seeking in science. This implied search for strategies and areas of activity which enabled to participate in the world of science. Pursuance of research, in selected areas, and publication of scholarly texts was enabled through the cooperation with organisations which welcomed female experts such as those employed (for example) with ministries; the Polish Society for Social Policy was one such organisation. In spite of multiple hindrances and restrictions, those female scholars who got employed on a full-time basis with academies which were ‘alternative’ to the traditional universities – the Institute of Special Pedagogy, the State Institute of Teachers, and primarily, the Free Polish University – enjoyed the most favourable conditions of work.

5

Birth-rate increase measures and other social measures concerning family support

80%

Osiecka-Chojnacka J.

Zeszyty Prawnicze BAS

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2023

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issue 2(78)

159-164

EN

The article documents the thesis that in Poland measures to support families and increase fertility rates are an element of many policies and new programmes like Family 500+, Good Start, Large Family Card. They are now a government priority. Expenses for this purpose amount to 4% of GDP. The legal basis for measures in this matter is covered by many legal acts.

6

The Janus Face of Homeownership-based Welfare

80%

Elsinga M., Hoekstra J.

Critical Housing Analysis

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2015

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vol. 2

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issue 1

32-41

EN

This paper reflects on the different faces of asset-based welfare from both a theoretical and an empirical perspective. It shows that asset-based welfare can be perceived as a lever for welfare state restructuring but also as an instrument for poverty eradication. In most countries, asset-based welfare policies focus on stimulating home-ownership. The general idea is that by becoming a homeowner, households build up equity that can be released for care and pension purposes in old age. However, there are signs that such policies increase inequality between homeowners (depending on the location of the dwelling and/or the period in which it was bought), but particularly so between homeowners and tenants. We therefore contend that home-ownership based welfare policies need a clear and fundamental specification of the role of the government: how to deal with housing market risks and how to prevent politically unacceptable levels of inequality and exclusion?

7

Housing Demand in the Polish Peoples’ Republic

80%

Jarmuż M., Jarosz D.

Studia Historiae Oeconomicae

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2013

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vol. 31

57-68

EN

Although historians and social scientists devoted considerable attention to issues related to housing in the Polish Peoples’ Republic era, many problems still need further research. The crucial problem of the paper is to find an answer to the question: what did Poles have to do in the period between 1944/45 and 1989 in order to obtain housing? The answer given is the effect of several years of primary source research which encompassed archival material of assorted types and origins.

8

Kolektivní domy a sociální politika českých průmyslových podniků v letech 1939-1953

80%

Guzik H.

Umění (Art)

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2013

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vol. LXI

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issue 1

33-56

EN

Right after the Second World War, two collective houses were built in the industrial towns of Litvínov and Zlín in what was then Czechoslovakia. Each building provided housing for families, a central dining hall, a nursery school, and a wide array of cultural and social services, all under just one roof. The architectural precursors of these two buildings were found in the USSR, Swedenand France, but the Czech koldomy (collective houses) originated independently of their counterparts abroad. They drew on sociological concepts of industrial towns developed by the management of the Baťa shoemaking enterprise in Zlín during the Nazi occupation. Inspired by German industrial sociology, the Baťa Company were looking at that time for ways in which to maintain social solidarity, stability, and the moral profile of its employees. The company’s management concluded that collective houses would be better than the garden city model of housing at generating social solidarity. This form of construction was well suited to the country’s new political-economic direction after 1945, which combined elements of capitalism, corporatism, and state socialism, and left industrial enterprises a certain degree of freedom in the area of social policy. The management of the national chemical enterprise Stalin Works wanted the construction of collective housing in Litvínov to signal the humanistic dimension of industrial enterprises in the socialist state. The rapid industrialisation of Czechoslovakia after 1948 ultimately led to the failure of both buildings. The mass relocation of employees broke down the stability of workplace collectives, and the voluntary emancipation of women through work, expressed in architectural form in both collective buildings, was supplanted by the forced feminisation of the labour force. Collective housing was met with little support even among architects, who found that the social goals of the state could be better fulfilled by cheap prefab housing estates than by the romantically singular collective houses.

CS

Hned po druhé světové válce vznikly v Litvínově a Zlíně, dvou českých průmyslových centrech, dva kolektivní domy. Oba pod jednou střechou spojovaly rodinné bydlení, ústřední jídelny, školky a širokou nabídku kulturních a společenských zařízení. Architektonické předchůdce obou realizací najdeme v SSSR, Švédsku či Francii. České koldomy se ovšem zrodily nezávisle na těchto zahraničních vzorech. Oba čerpaly ze sociologických konceptů průmyslových měst, které vypracoval management zlínského podniku Baťa v krizovém období nacistické okupace. Firma Baťa, inspirovaná německou průmyslovou sociologií, tehdy hledala cesty, jak zajistit sociální soudržnost, stabilitu a mravní profil své zaměstnanecké základny. Vedení podniku usoudilo, že kolektivní domy jsou schopné generovat sociální integritu lépe, než to dokázal model zahradního města. Výstavbě českých koldomů po roce 1945 nahrával nový politicko-ekonomický kurz země, který spojoval prvky kapitalismu, korporativismu a státního socialismu a který průmyslovým koncernům ponechával jistou míru svobody ohledně podob sociální péče. Vedení Stalinových závodů a firmy Baťa chtělo výstavbou koldomů v Litvínově a Zlíně vyjádřit především humanistický rozměr průmyslového podniku v obrozeném státě. Překotná industrializace Československa po roce 1948 vedla nakonec k nezdaru obou realizací. Hromadné přesuny zaměstnanců nabourávaly stabilitu pracovních kolektivů a dobrovolnou pracovní emancipaci žen, architektonicky vyjádřenou v obou koldomech, vystřídala násilná feminizace pracovních týmů. Kolektivní domy nenašly silnou oporu ani u architektů, pro něž sociální cíle státu naplňovala levná prefabrikovaná sídliště lépe, než to dokázaly romantické unikáty koldomů.

9

Sytuacja demograficzna a problem bezrobocia w Polsce

80%

Lipczyńska A.

Społeczeństwo i Edukacja. Międzynarodowe Studia Humanistyczne

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2018

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issue 2(29)

413-422

EN

The question of demographic determinants of social development is very important today. In the face of the dramatic aging of Polish society and continuous emigration, solutions should be sought in this situation. Recently unemployment in Poland has begun to slow down, but access to satisfactory work continues to be difficult. The aim of the work is to present the problem of unemployment and demographic situation in Poland by analyzing. The research methods that will be used in the article are causal analysis including

10

Changes taking place in the contemporary model of family policy in Poland – Analysis of the phenomena

80%

Kacprowska K.

Eastern Review

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2021

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vol. 10

85-94

EN

Family policy is a set of legal norms, actions and measures launched by the state to create appropriate living conditions for the family, its formation, proper functioning, and the fulfilment of all its important social roles. Transformation is an intentional process of changing one piece of the environment implemented over a period to create a new and primarily sustainable state of the environment. The author presents demographic data reflecting the process of the individualization of contemporary culture, which translates into changes in the contemporary family model. The main aim of the article is to present the changes taking place in the contemporary model of family policy in Poland and to analyze these phenomena.

11

Diagnozowanie ubóstwa ekonomicznego na przykładzie Regionu Pomorskiego

80%

Plecka M.

Annales. Etyka w Życiu Gospodarczym

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2008

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vol. 11

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issue 1

EN

The main goal of this paper is a collation of methods for diagnosing subjective poverty. The comparison concerns the methods of identification of poverty in the sub-regions of the Pomeranian region. The methods of identification proposed by the author indicate that the proposed methods identify poverty much more precisely than the universal methods. It can be considered to carry on the policy of limiting poverty areas based on the local monitoring. The assembled conclusions can allow improvement of accuracy of directing social help and at the same time can increase acceptance of the rules used in administering this help.

12

Social Policy Programme “The Family 500+” – Assumptions, Results, and Costs of Functioning: Is It Worth?

80%

Owczarczyk A.

Polish Political Science Yearbook

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2021

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issue 2 (50)

11-26

EN

The unfavorable demographic situation and the falling number of births resulted in an increased interest among Polish politicians in introducing tools to social policy that would reverse this negative trend. Implemented to social policy by Prawo i Sprawiedliwość Party in 2016, the “Family 500+” benefit has become such a tool. According to the government’s intention, this financial aid for families with children aims to reverse the decline in the number of births observed for many years and reduce the scale of poverty among families with the most complex financial situation. After several years of the “Family 500+” Program in force, it is difficult to clearly define whether the goals were achieved and whether the expenses for financing the program were adequate to the results. The aim of the article is an attempt at the assessment of the functioning of the Family 500+ Programme. Both the statutory assumptions of the programme, the costs of its functioning, and its results so far were analyzed. The central part of the analysis covered the period 2016–2019.

13

Challenges of Local Senior Policy and Problems of the Elderly During the COVID-19 Pandemic in the Face of Deinstitutionalisation of Social Services

80%

Kubiak M. M.

Polish Political Science Yearbook

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2022

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issue 4(51)

141-162

EN

The COVID-19 pandemic affected the elderly in a special way. On the one hand, it contributed to the increase in health deficits and those related to social isolation. On the other hand, it also had a significant impact on the level and methods of support provided to seniors. The pandemic situation turned out to be a particular challenge for local governments and non-governmental organisations operating in various areas of senior policy. The general aim of the article was to analyse the state’s initiatives aimed at counteracting the effects of the COVID-19 pandemic addressed to seniors and examples of activities of the local government and the civil sector cooperating with it for the benefit of this group of people. In turn, the specific objective was to identify and understand the greatest difficulties that seniors had during the pandemic and the role played by the non-governmental organisation (both during the pandemic and as an entity of potential support in the future, which was particularly interesting given the European Union promoting services provided in the local environment). In connection with the specific objective, qualitative research was carried out using the in-depth interview method. The interviews were based on scripts that concerned four areas: problems and experiences of the elderly during the pandemic, help and support, communication, health, and well-being.

14

Polityka społeczna a wybrane problemy młodej dorosłości

80%

Przybylski M.

Studia BAS

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2017

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issue 2(50)

129-145

EN

The article focuses on the problems experienced by a special category of people, namely young adults, in the context of social policy in Poland. The first section provides an overview of contemporary Polish research in social sciences related to young adults. The second one focuses on the available data on the employment, housing conditions and demographic behaviour of young Poles. The third section discusses selected social policies directly or indirectly related to this target group. The article concludes with a set of recommendations for policy makers in the areas crucial for achieving the completed adulthood.

15

Polityka społeczna w Polsce wobec przemian europejskiego modelu społecznego

80%

Kowalski R.

Zeszyty Naukowe Uniwersytetu Ekonomicznego w Krakowie

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2013

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issue 902

85-106

EN

The European social model is a vision of society that combines sustainable economic growth with the reduction of economic and social inequalities through income redistribution, ensuring a high level of social security and universal access to basic social services. Some economists argue that the last three decades have witnessed a rapid transition towards a new minimal welfare state, in the wake of the rising importance of services (post-industrialism), globalisation, population ageing, changing family and gender relations. In that perspective, the European social model is more chimera than reality. The author argues that the existing social democratic model of the welfare state is likely to be a response to the challenges social policy currently faces. Furthermore, the social democratic model corresponds well with the assumptions of the European social model. With the transformation of the early 1990s, Poland abandoned its socialist welfare system. Although it is debatable whether current social policy in Poland can be classified according to any of Esping-Andersen’s well-known welfare types, changes in the labour market will be crucial for the size and shape of the Polish welfare state in the future. The sustainability of the generous welfare state ultimately depends on the citizens’ participation in the labour force participation.

16

Unemployment among the Youth – the Most Crucial Challenge in the Social Policy of the European Union

80%

Tomczyk R.

Reality of Politics

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2013

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issue 4

258-274

EN

Now, unemployment among young generation of the Europeans is one of the most crucial problems in the policy of European Union and of the Member States. The economic crisis caused social exclusion of the significant part of the youth who after graduation augments number of the unemployed. Young generation shows less interest in running own business. Fear of bankruptcy forcibly decreases economic activity. European Union for few years has been undertaking measures aiming at coordination of the systems combating unemployment in the Member States. In the same time, it has been developing programs supporting actions undertaken in various states in the field of creating jobs, vocational trainings and probations addressed to the youth. Lowering unemployment rate among the youth is one of the priorities of the strategy Europe 2020. European politicians think that unemployment may be decreased based on the active “knowledge triangles” in which education of various levels, employers and business institutions participate and act together. Economic analysts however underline that unemployment among the youth may be decreased only when global economic growth occurs.

17

Universal basic income as a form of social contract: assessment of the prospects of institutionalisation

80%

Khoma N., Vdovychyn I.

Przestrzeń Społeczna

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2021

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vol. 1

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issue 1/2021 (21)

EN

The potential benefits and risks of the introduction of universal basic income (UBI) are examined. UBI is considered as an alternative mechanism of social policy, the emergence of which is explained from the perspective of the crisis of contemporary social security systems. The aim of the study is to find out the prospects for the widespread introduction of UBI in modern social security systems under the crisis of the welfare state institution, as well as to assess whether UBI can be an effective response to current social challenges. The analysis is based on the methodology of neoinstitutionalism and case study. It is emphasised that the interest in UBI was caused by the inefficiency of the institution of the welfare state in the context of economic globalisation, technological advance (automation, robotisation of production) and increased under long-term quarantine restrictions in 2020-2021 with their devastating effect on national economies. The major approving and critical arguments with reference to the practical implementation of the UBI concept are systematised. The principal differences in pilot projects to provide UBI, from the standpoint of their goals and outcomes, are indicated. The potential ability of UBI to act as the latest philosophy of social policy in the era of globalisation, technological progress, pandemic challenges, etc. was proved. The need for public solidarity regarding the new social contract as a key prerequisite for the widespread implementation of UBI was highlighted.

18

Social Policy in Fact of Contemporary Global Processes

80%

Chodubski A.

Polish Political Science Yearbook

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2015

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vol. 44

140-153

EN

In reflection summary it can be stated that social policy is both a possibility and a barrier in the development of a new corporate culture-civilization, referred to as globalization. Main forces shaping the new global reality, and the face of social policy are: technical and scientific progress, international laws and education focused on raising awareness of global change. Quick pace of civilization reveals an inability to adapt to a wide range of society the realities of the world of IT and information, and consequently the phenomenon of exclusion and widening of social pathologies. The image shaping social policy sets out the special role of participatory unit. The implementation of the project of European integration reveals a large gap between the assumptions and practice of social life. Standards of social policy remain in the realm of vision, a declaration of hope, the boundaries between the real world and virtual information and disinformation and manipulation. An important role in this regard play the media, which in its action shall submit to the effectiveness of the delivering authentic information about contemporary social realities and social policy pursued in its various structural dimensions.

19

RODZINA – JEJ FUNKCJE I ZAGROŻENIA. STUDIUM NA PRZYKŁADZIE WOJEWÓDZTWA WARMIŃSKO-MAZURSKIEGO

80%

NOGOWSKI J. M.

Studia Ełckie

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2015

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vol. 17

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issue 2

159-171

EN

The family as the smallest social entity underlies each society and fulfils three basic functions: procreative, educational and economic. Among others, deteriorating economic conditions, i.e. high unemployment rate, low salary, increase of both running and educational costs are the main problems that face contemporary families. Expansion of pathological phenomena e.g. alcoholism, drug addiction, violence within the family, and crime can lead to the breakdown of the family. Other threats to the family persistence are disintegration of an extended family, lowering number of children per family.

20

W poszukiwaniu intelektualnych źródeł koncepcji aktywnego starzenia się

80%

Szukalski P.

Acta Universitatis Lodziensis. Folia Oeconomica

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2015

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vol. 4

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issue 315

EN

Active ageing is more and more popular concept treated as medicine against expected problems of increasing proportions of the elderly. Active ageing approach has relatively short history because it was started in 1980. In particular intellectual climate. The paper is aimed at indicating genesis of the approach due to analysis how some ways of thinking popular in the second half of the 20thcentury affected the concept. Attention is paid to phenomenology, critical gerontology, neoliberalism, processual approach and future studies.

PL

Koncepcja aktywnego starzenia się staje się coraz bardziej popularna receptą na spodziewane problemy związane ze wzrostem odsetka osób starszych. Jest ona relatywnie świeżej daty, albowiem powstała w latach 1980., w określonym klimacie intelektualnym. Celem artykułu jest wskazanie genezy tego podejścia, poprzez wskazanie najważniejszych nurtów intelektualnych drugiej połowy XX w. oddziałujących na ostateczny kształt koncepcji aktywnego starzenia się. Omówiony został wpływ fenomenologii, gerontologii krytycznej, neoliberalizmu, podejścia procesualnego i zarządzania przyszłością.

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