Search results - CEJSH

1

OLFACTORY MEMORY: UNIQUE IN ITS OWN?

100%

Czerniawska E., Czerniawska J. M.

Psychologia-Etologia-Genetyka

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2005

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vol. 11

7-29

EN

The paper contains a review of data concerning olfactory memory. The results of research suggest that olfactory memory is divided into a sensory register, a short-term storage and a long-term storage. The properties of the sensory register and short-term storage are similar to those observed in other modalities. The short-term olfactory memory stores about 6 elements, discloses a serial effect, odors are coded in a sensory, and not verbal code, and it is subject to interference. Odors can be stored for a very long time, but their identification and recognition are not always successful. Long-term coding of odors is similar as compared to other kind of material. Verbalization is helpful in this process, the encoding specifity principle is noted, as well as benefits from dual encoding. The tip-of-the-nose effect is observed. Women have higher achievements in olfactory memory as compared to men. Olfactory memory is present from birth and develops due to contacts with olfactory stimuli. In older age a deterioration in olfactory functioning and olfactory memory follows. Expert olfactory memory is the result of many exposures to specific olfactory stimuli and of the development of knowledge about them.

2

Individuální a kolektivní paměť ve dvou středoevropských románech (Kunderova Kniha smíchu a zapomnění a Spoluviník Györgyho Konráda)

80%

Švéda J.

Česká literatura (Czech Literature)

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2011

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vol. 59

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issue 6

827-839

EN

This article is concerned with memory in two important central European novels, Milan Kundera’s the Book of Laughter and Forgetting (Kniha smíchu a zapomnění, 1978) and György Konrád’s The Loser (A cinkos, 1980). It follows on thematically from a 1995 work by Richard Esbenshad, who devoted himself to these novels, though putting them in the wider historical contexts of the central European region. The article endeavours to interpret and comprehend collective and individual memory, which are essential to the two novels. Using different methods the same conclusion is reached: the memory of the individual and of the collective is unreliable, unstable, and manipulatable. Furthermore, it is also influenced by state institutions. Central Europe is a space in which memory was rewritten several times in the twentieth century, a process that did not of course stop with the Changes of late 1989. That is also why it pays to read these novels again and to contemplate their relevancy to the present day.

3

The Function of Memory in Walter Benjamin's Philosophy

80%

Schollenberger P.

Przegląd Filozoficzny. Nowa Seria

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2004

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vol. 13

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issue 1(49)

77-99

EN

For Walter Benjamin the problem of memory is the problem of interpretation. He was intrigued by the question if we are equipped with one memory that allows for various competing versions of the past (as was the case of Marcel Proust, carefully analysed by Benjamin) or whether the plural interpretation of the past is irreducible, because memory, entangled by its complicated relations to language and personal experience, establishes its own ultimate truth. Benjamin's answer is not straightforward. On one hand, our experiences are retained in an unambiguous form, on the other, however, when we recreate them and contemplate them they are subjected to the idiomatic medium of language. As a result our recollections are locked in a tug of war between a more or less accurate vision of the past and continually changing description of it, imposed by shifting application of general rules of language. The process of recollection is thus capable of creating and discovering new meanings of the past.

4

Between the Ball Room and the Cathedral--On Memory in Marcel Proust

80%

Mazur T.

Przegląd Filozoficzny. Nowa Seria

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2004

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vol. 13

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issue 1(49)

147-164

EN

Various functions of memory are discussed one by one in order to show how a particularly talented and sensitive individual can be obsessed by recollections. The author follows Lacan in developing a conception of the unconscious that has a linguistic structure and operates on significant forms that are the source of meanings. Consciousness on the other hand is preoccupied with reduction of meanings and strives to acquire unambiguous understanding of linguistic contents. Consequently every understanding is tentative and imaginative, while at the same time a persistent unambiguous interpretation of linguistic contents becomes an obsession. Proust refers to such processes when he speaks of being 'bewitched by day-dreaming'. His creative work is composed of three phases: day-dreaming, recollecting and reflecting. But he does not seem to be in full command of these phases, and it is justified to say that as a writer Proust was a victim of his own memory.

5

MEMORY AND LANGUAGE FUNCTIONS IN TEMPORAL LOBE EPILEPSY

80%

Borbely C., Halasz P.

Magyar Pszichologiai Szemle (Hungarian Psychological Review)

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2008

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vol. 63

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issue 1

143-163

EN

The study surveys the most characteristic features of the cognitive impairments in temporal lobe epilepsy (TLE) and their possible causes through a survey of memory and language impairments. TLE as a chronic neurological disorder most frequently causes manifest changes (usually decrease) in the unfolding and normal functioning of memorial and language processing systems. The impact of epilepsy on cognitive functioning is not negative in all respects always. In certain cases chronic epilepsy and its surgical treatment can release very efficient reorganizations and functional compensations that may decrease the negative cognitive consequences and may provide data on the late plasticity of the human brain.

6

SÚČASNÉ OBRAZY SOCIALIZMU V (JEDNOM) LOKÁLNOM KONTEXTE: OD REFLEXIÍ KU KONTRANARATÍVOM

80%

Koza Beňová K.

Etnologické rozpravy (Ethnological Disputes)

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2022

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vol. 29

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issue 2

21 - 44

EN

The study focuses on epistemological, theoretical-methodological, and ethical questions that touched on individual phases of the implementation of oral history, or biographical research, focused on the life histories of people who lived their adult life in the former Czechoslovakia. It pay attention to the specifics of the ethnological approach to the research of everyday life, the connection between the representation of the past in its current interpretations, and describes the possibilities and limits of the ethnological research of the past in the present. An essential factor in the interpretation and analysis of research data is the local context and the connection with a small industrial town that developed during the socialist era. The theoretical starting point of the research is the concept of memory, which is thematised from several points of view, while the moment of asymmetry between collective and individual memory is at the centre of analytical interest. The subject of the analysis are the so-called micro-stories that communicate the current view of an ordinary person on their daily life in the past, i.e. in socialism, which is viewed not only as a specific historical epoch, but also as a special type of culture. The chosen perspective is based on the thesis that the perception and experience of lived socialism at the local level can differ significantly from the official interpretation of historical events, while this narrative is recognized as dominant. The chosen ethnological perspective does not seek to reconstruct history; it also notes the role of emotions in the research process and opens up the possibilities of the social significance of biographical research in the present.

7

Anamnesis in Roman-Catholic Theology: 'Do It in Memory of Me!'

80%

Nowak M.

Przegląd Filozoficzny. Nowa Seria

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2004

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vol. 13

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issue 1(49)

137-145

EN

Anamnesis is one of the central categories in the liturgy of the Roman-Catholic Church. But it is more than a purely conscious phenomenon. It is acting with the intention of keeping a tradition alive. This tradition gives a redeeming value to the re-enactment of past events. The purpose of the article is to show how 'anamnesis' of the Gospel is related to the terms of 'zikaron' and 'azkara' of the Jewish Bible.

8

Ustanawianie pamięci i trud budowania tożsamości. Refleksja nad ruchem romskim i jego historiografią

80%

van Baar H.

Studia Romologica

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2015

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vol. 8

73-97

EN

This article discusses various dilemmas that are related to historical and contemporary processes of Romani identity formation through an examination of what I consider as Romani acts of memory. By so doing, I reflect upon what has been called “the Romani movement” and the ways in which this social movement has hitherto been represented in the literature. I argue that an analysis of the Romani movement from the perspective of enactments of memory sheds new light on the hard and complex labor of Romani identity formation, as well as on the prevailing historiographies of the Romani movement.

9

INTERDISKURZIVITA SPOMÍNANIA V LITERÁRNOM DIELE CHRISTY WOLF

80%

Zemaníková N.

World Literature Studies

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2021

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vol. 13

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issue 4

44 - 54

EN

This article draws attention to the specific way in which the important German author Christa Wolf turns scientific findings on memory into literary material in her work. Remembrance and the associated self-exploration and self-knowledge form the core of what Christa Wolf calls subjective authenticity. Her key self-reflexive texts stage the process of writing, in which self-questioning intermingles with reflections on the process of remembrance and the literalization of the phenomenon of memory. In the 1990s, the author became the target of traumatic discourse practices in the non-literary space. The article also addresses the question of how interdiscursive remembrance contrasts with stereotypical interpretations of the past. Its potential may stimulate a critical distance from hegemonic discourse and the communication of differentiated knowledge.

10

Truth Brought Back from Oblivion in Plato's Philosophy

80%

Burek A.

Przegląd Filozoficzny. Nowa Seria

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2004

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vol. 13

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issue 1(49)

39-52

EN

Two essential concepts of Plato's philosophy are brought into focus - anamnesis and truth. Anamnesis is interpreted as a mental presentation of thought that already fell into oblivion. This interpretation is brought out by linguistic analysis, as anamnesis means reverting the process of forgetting. In Plato, the immortal soul moves from the spiritual world to the corporal world and carries with itself traces of knowledge it has acquired before the incarnation. Thereafter anamnesis is provoked by signals from the sensory world, for instance, by leading questions, physical resemblance to once contemplated ideas or written text. When the soul encounters such signals, it finds in them a faint replica of what it has experienced in the spiritual world. Thereby the soul establishes contact with truth, aletheia and true beings. As alethes, truth is unforgettable, it can recede from what is immediately known but it is never entirely lost. By turning back to its own memory the soul retrieves intelligible images, foregoes the sensory world and concentrates on what precedes it. It is also a practice of renouncing the physical aspects of one's existence, and for this reason philosophy is an exercise in dying, in the separation of the soul from its mortal body.

11

HOW DO ROMA REMEMBER? (Jak Romowie pamietaja?)

80%

Kapralski S.

Studia Romologica

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2008

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vol. 1

213-232

EN

(Title in Roma language: Sar seren/leparen o Rroma?). (A polemics with Michael Stewart's article Remembering without commemoration: the mnemonics and politics of Holocaust memories among European Roma, 'Journal of Royal Anthropological Institute' nr 10, 2004) In the recent years the traditional approach to Roma as „people without history and memory' has been challenged, among others, by a new perspective that assumes that even if Roma do not consciously reflect upon their past, the past is „remembered'for them due to the fact that it is in a way „stored' or „embedded' in the nature of the relations between Roma and non-Roma. Such an „implicit memory' approach, represented by Michael Stewart, means a step forward since it has assumed a more sophisticated concept of social memory. Nevertheless, it shares with the older approach the essentialized concept of Roma identity. With a help of Lech Mroz's conception of Romani „non-memory that does not mean forgetting', I am developing my criticism of Stewart's argument as (1) treating the Roma as a passive and static group formed by external determinants; (2) homogenizing the diversity of Romani life; (3) presenting a monolithic picture of the non-Roma world; (4) seeing a firm borderline between Roma and non-Roma while we should rather speak here of a liminal frontier zone; (5) neglecting the actual cases of active remembrance among Roma, supported by Romani commemorative ceremonies. In the end, I am suggesting that in contemporary „postmodern condition' the Romani practices of memory and identity do not radically differ from the non-Romani ones, especially those influenced by traumatic historical experience.

12

The Project of New Philosophy vis-a-vis Memory in the Thought of Edward Abramowski

80%

Stepnik A.

Przegląd Filozoficzny. Nowa Seria

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2004

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vol. 13

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issue 1(49)

95-105

EN

The articles focuses on the role of memory in the project of experiential metaphysics and offers a critical analysis of Edward Abramowski's philosophy. In the framework of that undertaking memory has been characterised and defined by its relation to unconsciousness and perception. Essentially memory is presented as a necessary condition for the agnostic experience which is the foundation of experiential metaphysics. Following Abramowski the author presents latent memory as a factor that determines human individuals. Moreover, if the results of experiential metaphysics are followed all the way, memory can be interpreted as the basis for ethics, aesthetics and religion.

13

The Phenomenon of Memory in Film--the Case of the' Mirror' Directed by Andriei Tarkovski

80%

Kozlowski M.

Przegląd Filozoficzny. Nowa Seria

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2004

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vol. 13

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issue 1(49)

181-187

EN

In this movie the plot is constructed by the thoughts of the narrator. They follow two patters. In the first case a current event is shown as connected with past occurrences. The narrator's mother talks with him on the phone and reminiscences about her former boss who recently died. In the second case two events are connected by spatio-temporal contiguity. The narrator's son is asked by an elderly woman to read something to her. While he sets himself about to do it, the woman disappears leaving a hot cup of tea behind. In each case the troubling question is what is real. In the telephone case it is highly improbable that the print house where the mother had worked could actually make the politically incriminating printing mistake. In the tea cup case it is unbelievable that a ghost of a woman would drink a cup of tea. Memory easily confuses fact and fiction, and creates a world that seems partly real and partly unreal.

14

Pamięć jako praktyka. Fotografia i troska o wspomnienia

80%

Fereński P. J.

Prace Kulturoznawcze

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2011

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vol. 12

263-271

EN

Convinced that one of the most constitutive properties of photography is making manifest what is absent and not directly visible, the author reflects on the relations between photographic images and memory. He is, however, interested not so much in individual memory as in its collective or cultural dimension. He tries to explain what such forms of memory are, asking who wants to remember what or who wants us to remember what. At the same time, the author wants to establish how historical representations of the past are shaped on the level of image and what types of making the past manifest are the most significant when it comes to forming the memory. He takes the example of Wrocław and its residents to illustrate his argument.

15

National Memory as a Philosophical Problem

80%

Pyszczek G.

Przegląd Filozoficzny. Nowa Seria

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2004

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vol. 13

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issue 1(49)

241-255

EN

What is national memory? The author begins his reflections by focusing on collective memory in general, and he claims that national memory is a specific example of a wide case. In his opinion it is essential for collective memory to have a spokesman that can be considered a socially credible witness. The witness must identify with the group and must have the power to speak for the group. The group must develop a sense of physical distance from other groups, it must experience its unique character by perceiving how it differs from other people in virtue of their mental, social and cultural characteristics. It is also important to identify with social past.

16

The Significance of Memory

80%

Rosinska Z.

Przegląd Filozoficzny. Nowa Seria

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2004

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vol. 13

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issue 1(49)

9-21

EN

The discourse about memory has either a passive or an active character. In the passive version memory is not more than an imprint or a trace of impressions and thoughts. In the active version memory is a result of inner processes that transform impressions and thoughts. In passive memory the central metaphor is a wax tablet, in active memory the metaphor is a spoonful of milk poured into a glass of water. Both concepts of memory can be found in Plato and Aristotle, and then throughout the entire history of philosophy. The author highlights the functions of active memory.

17

Memory as an Intentional Act

80%

Szalek P.

Przegląd Filozoficzny. Nowa Seria

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2004

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vol. 13

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issue 1(49)

23-38

EN

Psychological research has shown that the concept of memory is multifaceted. Various aspects of memory come to the fore in different psychological theories. Memory can be identified by the process of association, by its holistic function, its embedding in tradtion or as a mental act. Several of these perspectives can be reconciled and subsumed under one conception by the idea of intentional memory and its interdependence on perception.

18

The Concept of Memory in 'Matter and Memory' by Henri Bergson

80%

Herbich P.

Przegląd Filozoficzny. Nowa Seria

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2004

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vol. 13

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issue 1(49)

61-75

EN

Relying on two works - 'Matter and Memory' and a study on dreams - the author traces implications of Bergson's metaphysical assumptions. They seem to support not only Bergson's epistemological tenets but also his neurobiological hypotheses. The entire structure of Bergson's philosophy is reviewed in this process - the conception of duration, critique of the spatial projection of mental imagery, the theory of surface and deep ego. Bergson's assumptions combine to make traditional epistemological debates on the character of mental images obsolete. They put in new light mechanisms of remembering, the difference between perception and recollection, the distinction between habitual memory and purposeful recollecting. In the end a new reading of Bergson's metaphysical assumptions is offered, in which the concept of unconsciousness plays a great role and the anti-reductionist stance seems to be vindicated. The author acknowledges his indebtedness to Barbara Skarga and her book 'Czas i trwanie' [Time and duration].

19

Collector in the world of passages

80%

Tanczuk R.

Przegląd Kulturoznawczy

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2007

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vol. 1

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issue 2

122-144

EN

This paper is an attempt to reconstruct Walter Benjamin's notions of a collector, collecting and a collection. The reflection on collectors and their activity proves to be crucial to 'the material philosophy of the nineteenth century' that the author was trying to write. Benjamin's insight into collecting is based, among other factors, on his own experience, and there are parallels between the way he conducts his studies, the way his works are structured and compiled, and the collector's activity and the collection respectively. This study of Benjamin's understanding of collecting puts special emphasis on the relationship between the collection and the collector's individual memory, on the role of an interpreter of collective dreams that the philosopher attributed to the collector, who is capable of calling the wake-up, and on the specificity of the possession and decommoditization of objects by the collector.

20

„PREPISOVANIE“ PAMÄTI V SPOMIENKOVEJ KNIHE MILA URBANA NA BREHU KRVAVEJ RIEKY (1994)

80%

Csiba K.

Slovenská literatúra (Slovak Literature)

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2022

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vol. 69

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issue 3

258 – 267

EN

The article looks into how history is created and modelled in Milo Urban’s (1904 – 1982) third book of memoirs Na brehu krvavej rieky [On the bank of a bloody river] (1994). The autobiographical character of the book is constructed through being positioned him into various scenes and portrayed him from different perspectives. The article concentrates mainly on outlining this authorial self-portrayal in the historical context of the Second World War. The memoirs provide a portrait of Milo Urban as both a public persona – writer, journalist and chief editor of the radical fascist newspaper Gardista – and as a husband and father. Methodologically, the article draws on literature that conceptualises autobiographical texts as ways of narrative shaping of the past by an individual. It is not just the personal history and individual identity that are formed in this way, but also collective memory and identity. Autobiographies as such are in this respect viewed as important part of collective memory, since they influence how we view the past and which events are to be remembered and which are to be erased.

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