The shifting of the borders and the incorporation into the Polish state a territory that had, until 1945, been part of Germany led to the re-Polonization and Polonization of personal names. Given names belonging to the German cultural sphere, including those of saints recognized and revered throughout Poland, were replaced by Polish ones. German surnames, even those orthographically or phonetically adapted to the Polish language, also had to be changed. The change in given names and surnames affected not only the native Silesian population but also the influx of people arriving from various regions of the country and the Eastern Borderlands.
The subject of the article is a selection of personal names excerpted from „Humorki” ( Little Humours ) – a cycle of short stories by Agnieszka Zimnowodzka, which constitute, in the author’s opinion, an important component of a literary communication that reproduces children’s conceptualization of the world. Their specificity, mechanisms of creation and motives for selection were determined by: the addressee’s age, the author’s creative intention, the applied genre and stylistic convention, the functions attributed to namesand subordinated to text pragmatics. The collected set of names was interpreted in the motivational-communicative platform as text and as semiotic and semantic structures. An analysis of the collected anthroponyms revealed a few creative tendencies typical of the writer’s creative workshop. By creating proper names with appellative bases pointing to the characters’ qualities, she follows children’s conceptualization of the world based on trying to experiment with the language. Therefore, the names have a form of naming neologisms derived by means of word building. In the acts of creating proper names, the author applies some particular naming models, within which the names created in series can be indicated. The writer brings together personal names and other onymic categories which complete their meanings and maximise the power of the message, making use of both verbal and situational humour.
Proper names and realia are an integral part of literary translation. Often, they are intertwined and lexemes denoting realia are linguistically realized in the form of propria. The main aim of the article is to determine when proper names, within the transfer of literary text into another cultural environment, are approached as a translatological problem of realia. The article is based on their cultural characteristics, zero equivalence and high association potential. We disagree with the assumption of many authors that anthroponyms do not belong to the cathegory
Hate refers to online posts aimed at depreciating someone or something by expressing a provocative negative opinion about them. This article discusses the function and place of anthroponyms in such posts. Its goal is to present the observations and conclusions concerning the role of anthroponyms and their usage by haters. The study material was collected from Facebook, Twitter and wm.pl and subjected to qualitative analysis.
The author examines the use of nicknames by the Hungarians in Slovakia. Since the state and the verbal representation of nicknames are strongly influenced by the Hungarian-Slovak bilingual environment, the appearing contact phenomena in the anthroponymic corpus are also investigated in this study. In addition, the paper deals with written nicknames found in written sources, the denomination motives of nicknames used in modern language, sociolinguistic, dialectological, etymological, morphological, and stylistic peculiarities found in the onomastic corpus. The usage of nicknames of adults and students is confronted and discussed with reference to an empirical and comparative study.
The translation of proper names depends to a great extent on cultural marking, on the specific connotations they may evoke. The role played by each character is also important in films targeted mainly at children. The present article is an analysis of the translation of anthroponyms and toponyms in the Polish dubbed version of Roberto Benigni’s Pinocchio. This film adaptation is a perfect example of a living myth whose original colour is getting blurred.
This article discusses East Slavic male names that were found in a document dated 1668. These names were recorded both in their primary forms and as derivatives. The majority of registered derivatives were created by means of the suffixes: -uk and -ko. Iwan was the most popular name of the East Slavs, but names such as Wasiel, Wasil, Wasko, Danilo, Danielo, Fiedor, Chwidor, Chwiedor, Denis, Danis and Siemion were also frequently used.
This is a follow-up article to the earlier article Post-war street names in Zielona Góra that relates to the ways former German urbanonyms were incorporated into the Polish linguistic system. The present article focuses, however, only on those forms that do not refer to earlier names in any way, that is, on completely new names. The material presented in the article includes a hundred urban place names (excerpted from a document, or more precisely from a five-page typescript with no date and no signature in which German names of streets of the town are accommpanied with their Polish counterparts). The comprehensive survey of these forms provides a conclusion that the Polonization of urbanonyms was not by all means an easy task to perform, and that the people responsible for its implementation had to face and come to grips with different problems of linguistic and non-linguistic nature. Things as they were, however, make us realise today that some of the solutions can raise our objection and reservation on the matter.
The work presents the book Antroponimia pogranicza polsko-wschodniosłowiańskiego w świetle inskrypcji nagrobnych (Eng. Anthroponymy of the Polish-East Slavonic borderland in light of tombstone inscriptions) by Feliks Czyżewski. The author, a well-known researcher of the Polish-Ukrainian borderland, collected, classified, elaborated and presented in the form of a dictionary about three thousand anthroponyms from working and closed cemeteries of Eastern Lublin region. It was preceded by a historical description of the region. The author also presented the current and historical state of the cemeteries (Orthodox, Catholic and mixed). Valuable parts of the book are color photographs illustrating various types of inscriptions, as well as maps presenting most important phonetic phenomena in Polish and the Ukrainian dialects, maps with location of the cemeteries where the inscriptions were collected, and bibliography concerning tombstone inscriptions in the Polish-East-Slavonic borderland.
PL
Recenzja prezentuje książkę Feliksa Czyżewskiego Antroponimia pogranicza polsko-wschodniosłowiańskiego w świetle inskrypcji nagrobnych. Autor, znany badacz pogranicza polsko-ukraińskiego, zebrał, sklasyfikował i opracował oraz przedstawił w formie słownika ok. 3 tysięcy antroponimów z czynnych i zamkniętych cmentarzy Lubelszczyzny wschodniej. Całość poprzedził opisem historycznym regionu, przedstawił stan współczesny i historyczny cmentarzy wyznaniowych (prawosławnych, katolickich i mieszanych). Cennymi fragmentami książki są: kolorowe fotografie ilustrujące różne rodzaje inskrypcji, mapy przedstawiające ważniejsze zjawiska fonetyczne w gwarach polskich i ukraińskich, mapy z rozmieszczeniem miejscowości i cmentarzy, na których zebrano napisy, oraz bibliografia dotycząca inskrypcji nagrobnych na pograniczu polsko-wschodniosłowiańskim.
ReviewThe work presents the book Antroponimia pogranicza polsko-wschodniosłowiańskiego w świetle inskrypcji nagrobnych (Eng. Anthroponymy of the Polish-East Slavonic borderland in light of tombstone inscriptions) by Feliks Czyżewski. The author, a well-known researcher of the Polish-Ukrainian borderland, collected, classified, elaborated and presented in the form of a dictionary about three thousand anthroponyms from working and closed cemeteries of Eastern Lublin region. It was preceded by a historical description of the region. The author also presented the current and historical state of the cemeteries (Orthodox, Catholic and mixed). Valuable parts of the book are color photographs illustrating various types of inscriptions, as well as maps presenting most important phonetic phenomena in Polish and the Ukrainian dialects, maps with location of the cemeteries where the inscriptions were collected, and bibliography concerning tombstone inscriptions in the Polish-East-Slavonic borderland. Recenzja Recenzja prezentuje książkę Feliksa Czyżewskiego Antroponimia pogranicza polsko-wschodniosłowiańskiego w świetle inskrypcji nagrobnych. Autor, znany badacz pogranicza polsko-ukraińskiego, zebrał, sklasyfikował i opracował oraz przedstawił w formie słownika ok. 3 tysięcy antroponimów z czynnych i zamkniętych cmentarzy Lubelszczyzny wschodniej. Całość poprzedził opisem historycznym regionu, przedstawił stan współczesny i historyczny cmentarzy wyznaniowych (prawosławnych, katolickich i mieszanych). Cennymi fragmentami książki są: kolorowe fotografie ilustrujące różne rodzaje inskrypcji, mapy przedstawiające ważniejsze zjawiska fonetyczne w gwarach polskich i ukraińskich, mapy z rozmieszczeniem miejscowości i cmentarzy, na których zebrano napisy, oraz bibliografia dotycząca inskrypcji nagrobnych na pograniczu polsko-wschodniosłowiańskim.
The article discusses the dialect word kalafa meaning ‘running mud, goo’ and its variants kalawa, kolawa, kalowa, chalawa, galafa, also explaining the reasons for the variants. The basic variant has been established and its origin determined. Other meanings of the above dialectal words are also presented, including ‘a puddle after rain’, ‘a pond (usually shallow and muddy)’, ‘liquid manure’. Based on the lexicographical and atlas attestations, their territorial ranges have been determined. Kalafa is a homonymic word, so data on the homonym kalafa ‘muzzle, gob’, pejorative of ‘face’, also ‘nose’, ‘mouth’ are also presented. Reference has been also made to onomastic data, i.e. local names: Kolawa, Kolawy, Kalawa as well as surnames: Kalafa, Kalawa, Kolawa, and surname forms derived from them (e.g. Kalawski, Kolawski, Kalawinski, Kolawczyk). The analysis of dialectal data has also made it possible to put forward a new etymological hypothesis as to the kolawa || kalawa appellative, the Kolawa || Kalawa anthroponym, and the co-native names.
There is not a general agreement which kind of names should be considered to be “literary names”. According to my opinion ALL names in literary work are literary. However, not only proper names are able to identify character, in some cases (depending on the context of the whole story) some appellatives can be interpreted in the same way as proper names. Names create special structure in the text. Recognizing of this structure is a part of reader’s activity during the process of reading. Names can give us information about time and location of the story. We can confront names in literary work with real onomastic system. Literary names can be authentic (calling real historical persons or places), realistic (names existing in real system) and fictive (created by the author). The knowledge of the character is very important for our understanding of names. There are different ways of calling literary persons, animals, living machines or creatures. The last part of my paper is focused on literary names in communication. I distinguish three kinds of communication: inside the text (using names between characters, calling etc.), inter-text (associations with character from another text who have the same name) and social (names from well-known literary works and their using as parts of general culture knowledge).
The author focuses on names, which are derived from geographical names: names of countries, towns, villages, mountains, rivers. The analyzed names are based on the names listed in The Dictionary of Names Contemporary Used in Poland, published by Kazimierz Rymut (Kraków 1995), prepared on the basis of personal identity numbers of Polish citizens in 1994. The author distinguishes names derived from the names of countries, states, regions: Andaluzja, Angola, Arizona, Dziamajka, Elwetia, Germania, India, Kenia, Lechistan, Romania, Salwador, Syria; towns: Awila, Bazylea, Emaus, Hiroszima, Kremona, Lec, Lourdes, Medina, Moskwa, Naim, Orneta, Radomia, Rawenna, Reda, Santiago, Sewila, Sidney, Sienna, Szubin, Thorn, Tirana, Vienna, Warna, Wenecja/Venezia, Werona, Wienna, Winona, Winston, Wizna; mountains: Athos, Becerly, Morena; valleys: Sharon; peninsulas and islands: Floryda/Florida, Madera, Malta, Montserrat; rivers: Newa, Nida, Samara, Wisła; villages: Lubiana, Lubin; waterfall: Niagara; ambiguous: Roma.
The anthroponym Petorsmethis is attested abundantly in the first two centuries ad. Names of the theophoric Pete-type normally refer to a single deity, although two god’s names or a theonym followed by an epithet is equally possible. Osiris- Smithis, however, seems to refer to a deity (Osiris) followed by an anthroponym (Espmetis). Alternatively , the entire construction Osiris-Smithis may refer to a single deity. In this article the existence of a deity called Osiris-Smithis is explored, as well as the geographical and chronological spread of the personal names mentioning this deity .
The analysis of the collected anthroponyms of students’ nicknames indicates that their motivational- nominational mechanisms are quite varied. Proper nouns have the greatest influence on the process of nickname formation. Definitely, the biggest group of all collected unofficial anthroponyms are nicknames derived from surnames (about 40%) and first names (about 20%). They have been formed as a result of various transformations. Among unofficial anthroponyms motivated in an appellative way the largest group are nicknames referring to appearance (about 9%), next are nicknames derived from internal features (personality), also those referring to mental features, likes, abilities and behaviour (about 8%). Compound nicknames are rarely formed. Only three examples of unofficial anthroponyms of this type have been singled out. The reason for a big and varied number of nicknames among students is their expressiveness. That is why they are so popular among teenagers.
The aim of this article is to analyse common nouns denoting people, animals and objects that occur in the Western Polissian dialects of the Ukrainian language and which are identical with personal names (first names) and/or their variations. It was found that some of these appellatives originate from the names of specific persons, gaining general popular use as such through certain (usually negative) character traits of that person. Other very popular and widely used names are given to beloved animals, while a less significant number of appellatives evolved through the process of folk etymology, when words of foreign origin were similar to real personal names.
Lusatia is a phenomenon in the history of Europe. For many centuries its inhabitants bravely struggled against the German element, preserving their identity. Such conduct has earned them our admiration. Does this admiration find reflection in the Polish language, for instance in the proper names used today? This article makes an attempt at answering this question. Special attention has been paid to the onyms including the words Łużyce/Lusatia, łużycki/Lusatian, Łużyczanin/Łużyczanka/male or female inhabitant of Lusatia, excerpted from the Internet with the use of Google browser. Their analysis shows which factors also played an important role in the formation of such names, i.e., sympathy and interest in the inhabitants of Lusatia – the people who have been cultivating their culture, language and customs for many years and who, because of their conduct, are worthy of our reflection.
The article discusses the transition of words from the category of common names to the category of proper names. The way of naming people in the fourteenth- and fifteenth-century court books indicates that it was a long process, in which the common denomination (e.g. voivode, castellan) fulfilled a double function before it became a proper name. In the complex descriptive and binominal formations it was additional information. When occurred alone, it often meant not only a common name, but also pointed to a particular person, i.e., it belonged to the transition phase between the nomen appellativum and nomen proprium.
The author describes in the article project of researching the anthroponymy of the Polish-Czech borderland on the section of the Moravian Gate (Gorzyce – Krzyżanowice municipalities on the Polish side and Hať – Hilheřovice – Bohumín municipalities on the Czech side). The described borderland belongs to the so-called transitional borders, whose characteristic feature is the mixing of the population of two or more nations (or ethnic groups), and the effect of it is movement of the population in this area. As a result, the so-called third culture has developed, which had a major impact on the shape of names of the inhabitants, as well as on the choices of names for their children. Another factor in changing the form of surnames is the interference of an official who has often changed the spelling form of the surname in accordance with the language norm in force in his native language.
The registers consist of names of people who were christened, married or buried. They were kept by church initially. They are an important source of anthroponyms, because they contained also names of women and children, not only men’s like in the others official materials. In this study I take an interest mainly in two parish registers. Both come from parish Horní Branná (Semily District, Liberec Region) and were created in the beginning of the second half of 17th century. They are compared with four parish registers of the parish Horní Štěpanice (Semily District, Liberec Region) from 18th century. Based on this comparison, the progress can be seen. The youngest parish registers consist of more information (jobs of men, people’s religion, age of decedents, their cause of death etc.), which could be used in the research.
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