Search results

1

Kryzys gospodarczy późnego średniowiecza czy kryzys historiografii?

100%

Guzowski P.

Roczniki Dziejów Społecznych i Gospodarczych

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2008

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vol. 68

173-192

EN

The presented text is a voice in a discussion on the economic crisis affecting Polish territory during the Late Middle Ages. The author proposed a polemic with the theses contained in the chapter entitled The East and the West. European economy in the fourteenth-fifteenth centuries, published in: Polish Lands and the West. Studies on the Growth of Mediaeval Europe, edited by S. Gawlas. The hypothesis formulated by M. Dygo about a crisis of grain farming, animal husbandry and some of the crafts is based on an analysis of fifteenth-century prices. The author maintains that the present-day state of research makes it impossible to accept the suggested thesis. A comparison of fifteenth-century prices from Cracow, issued in 1935 by J. Pelc, contains fragmentary data, and all conclusions drawn upon this basis give rise to serious methodological doubts. Furthermore, studies dealing with the Polish economy during the Late Middle Ages (in contrast to the early modern era) were never part of a popular current of research, and our knowledge remains slight. In addition, during the past decades economic historiography has been experiencing a profound crisis of its own and has not offered new monographs which would entitle building justified hypotheses about the state of the late mediaeval economy as a whole. This is the reason why all theses validating or toppling the conception of an economic crisis in Polish lands during the twilight of the Middle Ages remain mere theoretical constructions.

2

Recepcja poglądów ekonomicznych Zachodu w Polsce do przełomu XIII i XIV w. – stan badań

100%

Obara A.

Roczniki Dziejów Społecznych i Gospodarczych

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2009

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vol. 69

13-29

EN

The article presents the findings made by Polish historians as regards the dissemination and acceptance of European mediaeval thought on Polish soil. The beginnings of studies by Polish scholars dealing with assorted problems connected with the economy go back to the second half of the nineteenth century, and Stanislaw Smolka is regarded as one of the first historians who drew attention to the significance of this issue. The interests of the Polish historians were concentrated chiefly on explaining certain mechanisms ruling the economy and on recording the functioning of its practical symptoms. Pertinent Polish literature either neglected or relegated to the margin the reception of West European views about the economy in Poland during the Middle Ages. Inquiries whether and to what degree did foreign ideas influence the economic transformations occurring during the Middle Ages in Poland pertained mainly to such phenomena as the rights of the monarch in relation to the property of the subjects, the right to establish and collect taxes, usury or monetary questions.

3

'Private-business' in the Communist Poland (1945-1971)

100%

Pick D.

Studia Polityczne (Political Studies)

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2004

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issue 15

307-331

EN

The work concerns Polish communist government policy towards private businesses (prywatna inicjatywa) between 1944 and 1971. The obvious lack of acceptance for private ownership during the period spanning form the end of the Second World War to the beginning of Gierek's time, almost eliminated privately owned firms in Poland. As there was no clear and consistent policy towards ownership, both businessmen and their employees were left confused - subjects of an ongoing ideological conflict between the so-called 'repressive' and 'rational policies. Supporters of the 'repressive' camp claimed that privately owned companies should be eliminated completely, being entirely superfluous to the functioning of the socialist economy, while the 'rationalists' argued that companies were necessary as long as communism was still 'under construction' and would be phased out in due course. Unfortunately, the 'repressive approach dominated most of the period in question; there were only brief moments of weakness called 'green lights for private owners'. These 'green-light' periods almost always appeared during economic and political downtimes and were used by the communists to appease the society and calm manifestations of social disturbance. As a result of these short periods of relative freedom, whatever the motivation, private trade and production (mostly hand-made articles) was never totally eliminated, but was, of course, greatly reduced. This paper discusses the role of privately owned firms in the supply of scarce goods and services, as well as the role of socialist propaganda in creating a negative image for private company owners (prywaciarze).

4

Inwestycje krajowe oraz bezpośrednie inwestycje zagraniczne w Polsce w świetle rozwoju polskiej gospodarki

100%

Stawska J.

Studia Europejskie - Studies in European Affairs

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2014

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issue 1

s.91-108

EN

The purpose of this article is to highlight the importance of domestic and foreign investments in the Polish market and analysis of their level in the context of the development of the Polish economy. Article verifies the hypothesis that the domestic investments and inflow of foreign direct investments have a positive impact on the development of the Polish economy. It seems that regardless of the views and studies, there are more benefi ts from the infl ow of foreign investments into Poland by their positive impact on the competitiveness of the Polish economy. However, any of their restrictions refl ect negatively on the economic growth of the country. Both domestic investments and foreign direct investments are the measure of the competitiveness of the economy. Apart from any threat, foreign capital is an opportunity for the development of the Polish economy. Poland trying to decrease disparities in relation to the developed countries should strive for improve the investment climate in order to not only attracts foreign capital, but also to create optimal conditions for the development of domestic investments and thereby stimulate economic growth.

5

Motywy ekonomiczne wycofania spolek z obotu gieldowego

100%

Kowalczyk J., Makowiecka L., Szczepankowski P.

Contemporary Economics

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2007

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issue 1(1)

71-95

EN

The article presents main economic motives for going private strategies. The problem is presented from empirical point of view. We have also been interested in Polish cases of going private, which are presented in the last part of article.

6

Podviynyy kharakter vertykal'noyi intehratsiyi suspil'noho vyrobnytstva

80%

Grygor’yeva S. V.

Mekhanizm Rehuluvannya Economiky

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2012

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vol. 2 (56)

203-207

EN

The article examines the dialectic process of vertical integration based on the analysis of its dual nature, based on the methodology of separation of legal and economic aspects of ownership.

7

Costs and benefits of european integration - the Albanian case

80%

Shahini B., Dollani P.

Wrocławskie Studia Politologiczne

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2011

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vol. 12

200-208

EN

Integration is a word very frequently used and probably one of the most fashionable in the present everyday life of the Balkan people. Politicians, artists, intellectuals speak about political, economical, cultural, European Integration as well as spiritual integration. The word integration is widely used, as much as there have been efforts to define or understand it by the general public, besides the fact that integration is perceived as something “good in nature,” especially the integration with Western community. Hence, one of the issues, which everybody agrees on in Albania and in the region is that the accession into the European Union is still the main objective of the region prospect. European integration is perceived as a solution of the major problems during the process of the socio-economic development of the countries of the region. The authors think that the efforts of the people of the region toward economic and democratic progress should not be simply treated as tools used to be “self-integrated” in the EU, but they rather have to be perceived as positive processes undertaken by each country during transition. Keeping an economic perspective, this paper aims to discuss the qualitative benefits and costs for Albanian economy, in its integration way toward the EU.

8

THE IMPACT OF COAL MINING LIQUIDATION ON POPULATION STRUCTURE IN THE SELECTED REGIONS OF RUSSIA AND UKRAINE

80%

Buszko A.

Olsztyn Economic Journal

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2009

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vol. 4

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issue 2

159-172

EN

The goal of this paper is to present the changes of population structure in coal mining region. Such changes were born by the economic reforms. The study was based on the two typical coal mining regions in Russia and Ukraine. The correlation indicator was used in order to present the study results. The close attention was paid to the factors which reduce the migration. The most important changes were noted among workers in productivity age. They were the most willing to change the place of living and look for a job in other places and different sectors of the economy.

9

JAK INDIKOVAT ZVRATY HOSPODÁŘSKÉHO VÝVOJE

80%

Hindls R., Hronová S.

Ekonomický časopis (Journal of Economics)

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2012

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vol. 60

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issue 8

791 – 814

EN

The first decade of the new millennium has brought to the world economy and to national economies several shocks and substantially increased the risk of uncertainty. The causes of these shocks varied during that period and stemmed from the mortgage crisis, the crisis in the banking sector or the problematic parameters in fiscal economies of individual countries, especially those in Europe. These causes were often interrelated, and, respectively, they followed each other in relatively quick succession. The article shows how to use the probit analysis to indicate the possible twists and turns in the development of economy based on high probability of their occurrence. Along with the probit analysis method, Koyck linear dynamic model with time-lagged independent (explanatory) variable is also used, which allow for setting the advance of those indicators that can affect economic development and mark the regime change-points.

10

Orhanizatsiyno-ekonomichni osnovy staloho rozvytku zaliznychnoho transportu Ukrayiny

80%

Rybina O. I.

Mekhanizm Rehuluvannya Economiky

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2013

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vol. 3 (61)

164-171

EN

Efficient development of the railway transport, which is the basis of country transport system, is a prerequisite for sustainable functioning of all sectors of the economy, for ensuring Ukraine’s status as a major transit country, contributing to its social and economic development, economic security and defense capacity. An integrated approach to the development of the transport system of Ukraine clearly indicates the priority of the railway from the standpoint of sustainable development. Currently, the domestic transport sector, including railway transport is not always ready for new challenges of the environment, that periodically destabilize the situation in the transport services market. That is why there is a need to establish a mechanism for economic and organizational relations that would provide adequate, timely and flexible response to changes in the environment, railway industry companies’ adaptation to them. The article describes the organizational and economic basics for sustainable development, defines its components and reveals their identity.

11

POTŘEBUJEME KOREKTNÍ MANAŽERY ANEBO OSOBNOSTI?

80%

Vencálek J.

Annales Scientia Politica

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2016

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vol. 5

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issue 2

58 – 63

EN

Complexity of development of relations which originate on the European continent makes the need for a comprehensive approach to the organization and administration of the territory. The existing preference of loyal managers with their economic and operational focus to assessing reality comes into conflict with the need to analyse the complementary relations conditioning the potential of the area. The need for highly knowledgeable personalities with moral credit is particularly evident in the creation of fractal relationships between functionally and semantically established local, regional and global structures.

12

Ekonomia polityczna członkostwa Litwy w Unii Europejskiej: oczekiwania i doświadczenia pięciu lat

80%

Vilpisauskas R.

Politeja : Pismo Wydziału Studiów Miedzynarodowych i Politycznych Uniwersytetu Jagiellońskiego

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2011

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issue 2(16)

53-78

EN

The article discusses the impact of European Union membership on the economy, poli tics and policies of the new member states, in particular Lithuania. It first presents the forecasts and arguments regarding the impact of EU enlargement that were discussed before the enlargement in 2004 -2007. It draws on the work of European inte gration literature, stating that it was the approaching EU enlargement into the Central and Eastern Europe which caused the wave on theorizing the issue of enlargement which has been absent before. The main issue was to explain the reasons behind the EU decision to expand, as well as the conditions for the effective application of EU norms into the acceding countries. Most economic researchers predicted that the enlargement will contribute to the economic growth of acceding countries (although the transfer of regulatory norms in some cases could be considered to be suboptimal), and the EU as a whole. There was more uncertainty regarding the impact of the enlargement on the functioning of the EU and the compliance of the new members with the EU norms.

13

THE ERA OF E-SERVICES - THE AGE OF DIGITAL ECONOMY BASED ON KNOWLEDGE (Era e-uslug - era cyfrowej gospodarki opartej na wiedzy)

80%

Sadowska K.

e-mentor

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2010

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issue 2(34)

82-84

EN

Technological progress and the changes in the structure of education in a modern society create a new type of services. The combination of specialist knowledge with new forms of its conveying are underlying the sector of electronic economy based on knowledge, commonly known as e-business. The European Union notices the occurring changes and supports them by grants, available also in Poland. The article focuses on the issues concerning the funds for e-services.

14

Reasekuracja w gospodarce zamkniętej. Działalność towarzystwa reasekuracyjnego Warta w latach 1949–1956

80%

Jastrząb M.

Roczniki Dziejów Społecznych i Gospodarczych

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2008

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vol. 68

93-123

EN

The article is based on documents concerning the Warta Insurance Company and the ministries supervising it. The author intended to discover the reasons why at a time when the Polish economy was closed the state authorities decided that enterprises dealing with reinsurance should continue to exist and maintain trade contacts with their Western counterparts, and to find out how the objectives of reinsurance activity were defined in an economy aiming at autarchy. Moreover, the purpose of the article is to describe the grounds decisive for the range of benefiting from reinsurance protection and the form of reinsurance contracts. Warta was part of a competitive international market and, at the same time, found itself under strict state control. Hence, the article also considers the limits of the company’s autonomy and its possible impact on the decisions made by the authorities. The necessity of realising tasks designated by the state comprised a risk factor. The author discusses the strategies applied by the firm for reducing this hazard.

15

Ekonomika, zasnovana na znanniakh, ta ekonomika znan: adekvatnist vykorystannia katehorii

80%

Ivanova V. V.

Mekhanizm Rehuluvannya Economiky

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2011

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vol. 3 (53)

47-54

EN

The essence of the categories of «knowledge economy» and «knowledge-based economy» and the opportunity of their usage for characterizing of the economy of post-industrial society are considered.

16

Wpływ nowoczesnych technologii informacyjno-komunikacyjnych na gospodarkę

80%

Broś U.

Zeszyty Naukowe Uniwersytetu Ekonomicznego w Krakowie

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2012

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issue 888

135-148

EN

Today, information and communication technologies play a special role in the economy. Information is so important to its operation that scientists have called it the fourth factor of production, and the ICT industry has been hailed as an accelerator of economic development and technological progress. Moreover, this sector significantly increases international economic competitiveness and productivity. Information-communication solutions enable businesses to operate in a new dimension – the virtual one, while also facilitating expansion into new markets and the creation of new jobs. There is no doubt ICT is increasingly determining the level of advancement of some countries.

17

Hodowla i handel końmi w Polsce XVI w.

80%

Bołdyrew A.

Roczniki Dziejów Społecznych i Gospodarczych

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2009

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vol. 69

31-90

EN

Horses and their breeding were part of the Polish gentry tradition. In time, they became included into national customs, hence the term eques Polonus. In sixteenth-century Poland use was made of many types of horses of assorted provenance, mainly in transport and wartime. Due to its distinctly cavalry nature the Polish army relied on a great number of horses. Renaissance-era transformations in the Polish economy of the early modern era inclined the gentry towards increased interest not only in the horse trade but also in breeding. Textbooks translated from foreign languages came to the aid of the Polish noblemen; several works were also written at home. The rulers always enjoyed the greatest possibilities, and thus achievements, in horse breeding. The largest stud farms were situated along the eastern borders of the Polish state, where breeding was facilitated by geographical conditions. Furthermore, the most important routes along which horses were driven for the purposes of trade ran across Ruthenia and Little Poland. The significance of this branch of the economy was testified by the fact that sometimes the ruler forbade horse trade with a neighbouring state, which resulted in the closure of the frontiers. Horses used in the army were subjected to a careful selection followed by appropriate training. Local literature could boast certain achievements in the field of specialist textbooks, to mention the works of K. Dorohostajski or K. Pieniążek, who concentrated mainly on descriptions of the stables, breeding and training. The prices of horses in sixteenth-century Poland oscillated from 10–40 florins, although in certain cases a single horse was considered worth more than a thousand florins.

18

Zmiany strukturalne w gospodarce polskiej

80%

Wysocki J., Kałowski A.

Zarządzanie i Finanse

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2012

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vol. 1

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issue 2

281-292

EN

Nowadays, among the most important factors which contribute to the general efficiency of the economy, there are the structural changes. The structural changes very frequently result in the change of the production structure and the structure of using the production factors in economy. Furthermore, the structural changes in the Polish economy proceed much faster than in other mature economies of the developed countries. Therefore, studying the structural changes in this case is quite complicated and it re-quires the application of appropriate methods. List of analysis prepared in this paper made it possible for the authors to identify the Polish economy's stage of development. It turned out that our economy stopped on a stage of the postindustrial society, which means that it still did not join the group of developed economies. Unfortunately, according to results of the analysis the Polish economy will remain on the same stage in the nearest future, without possibility to carry out this civilization leap.

19

Stosowana podstawa wyceny a rola rachunkowości w społeczeństwie i gospodarce

80%

Frendzel M.

Prace i Materiały Wydziału Zarządzania Uniwersytetu Gdańskiego

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2011

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vol. 1

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issue 1

233-243

EN

The article undertakes an issue of measurement in the context of a role of accounting in socio-economic system and its objectives. An use of current measures may be justified in a case of accounting (or financial reporting) being aimed at reflection of current economic picture of entity when there is analyzed its useful in resources’ allocation decisions. Other measurement bases (e.g. historical cost) may be justified when other perspective and assumptions are made.

20

Handel polsko-niemiecki w latach 1918–2006 (uwarunkowania i etapy rozwoju)

80%

Kowal S.

Roczniki Dziejów Społecznych i Gospodarczych

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2008

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vol. 68

151-172

EN

The economic relations between Poland and Germany from the end of the First World War to 1996, perceived mainly from the Polish viewpoint, were marked by three attempts at an intensification of trade. The first took place in the wake of the outbreak of a customs war in the middle of 1925. At the time, representatives of the German economic circles and the Polish economic spheres, supported by the Polish government, embarked upon efforts to sign a trade treaty. A conspicuous commercial boost occurred in the 1970s, when upon the basis of imported technologies and foreign credits the Polish authorities intended to modernise Polish industry, with prime attention concentrated on West Germany. The third period in trade intensification accompanied the advantageous privatisation conducted in Poland during the 1990s. This process was favoured by an inflow of German capital as part of direct foreign investments and by Poland’s access to the European Union.

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Kryzys gospodarczy późnego średniowiecza czy kryzys historiografii?