The reception of Chopin and his music in French literature follows the rhythm of the changes in the European intellectual and aesthetic climates. George Sand recorded in her memoirs the image of a romantic genius par excellence, a dark, torn and complicated soul. The decadent and symbolist poetry, best exemplified by Maurice Rollinat, presents a portrait ofa blood-spitting neurasthenic, a soulmate of the poet. Marcel Proust paints the image of an elegant dandy and exquisite artist, while the first part of the twentieth century is dominated by the neoromantic vision of Chopin as a great Polish patriot; this theme is perfectly illustrated by the poems of Anna de Noailles and Edmond Rostand. André Gide presents a radicallynew view of Chopin’s music, seeing the Polish composer as a neoclassicist pianist. Contemporary literature and art go on to dress Chopin in jeans, eagerly turning him into a mass culture hero.
The purpose of this paper is to attempt to answer the question of how the interpretation of the main character in The Stranger by Albert Camus as „an animal in the human skin” can be applied to understanding the actions of the character in the world. The next question posed is whether Camus describes Meursault literally as an animal or refers to the character symbolically. The author argues that such an extreme treatment of „the animality” of the character is useless in the broader context of this book since Meursault has a human nature which proves the complexity of his mental processes.
Article introduces the person and work of the French writer Jean-Marie Gustave Le Clézio in the context of diagnosing the crisis of the Western world. On the selected examples of writings (essays and novels) it indicates the sensitivity of the Other (found in cultures encountered in Mexico or Africa, but also in writer’s own family) as the proposal of cultural and spiritual remedy for the crisis.
This article is a review of Agnieszka Wandel’s book monograph titled Przemiany współczesnej książki popularnonaukowej dla dzieci i młodzieży (na przykładzie francuskiej oferty wydawniczej). The author argues that the book has been written in a clear, flowing style. Wandel easily conveys knowledge in an explicit and concise manner, but when necessary, also descriptively. She is not afraid of formulating her own opinions and drawing conclusions as well as observing what processes and tendencies have come about, even when she is aware that her judgements may not be universal and complete. This makes for the usefulness of the book for researchers who can become inspired to a further scientific debate.
Julien Gracq (born Louis Poirier, 1910–2007) was an author of, among others, Au château Argol (1938), Un Beau Ténébreux (1945), Un balcon en forêt (1958), as well as volumes of essays Lettrines (1967–1974) and En lisant, en écrivant (1981). Literary fame brought him, published in 1951, The Opposing Shore (Le Rivage des Syrtes) together with the refusal of accepting the Prix Goncourt for this novel. The work of the French writer comprises of multileveled study of the passing world, the country, which is about to fall and it is a palimpsest of historical, literary and artistic threads. According to French researchers – Bernhild Boie and Bernard Vouilloux – evoking pictorial motifs, drawing inspiration from historical paintings, different painting genres and elements of art history makes the Gracq’s novel the example of “a work in progress”, in which the author creates suggestive, interweaving pictures. The writer employed rich descriptions, imaginative ekphrasis, variety of painting genres and created his own visions of space, scenery for the protagonists bringing about chosen painting’s conventions. The echoes of the works of the XVI century Venetian painters seem to be important in The Opposing Shore as well as the works of J.M.W. Turner, German Romanticists, Pre-Raphaelites and symbolists. Pictorial associations of the novel are also linked to its specific atmosphere of impression, insinuation and mystery
The article addresses the issue of one of the parts of rhetoric – memory (memoria) in relation to fine arts (beaux-arts), a term invented by Charles Batteux. In the classical understanding of the rhetorical discourse, memoria is a set of rules allowing the speaker to remember his speech and then to deliver it in the best possible way. In terms of aesthetics and art, the mentioned term takes on many new meanings, to the extent that Diderot’s Encyclopedia does not use it at all. In order to explain the role of memory as a creative process, the French theoreticians of the Age of Enlightenment (Batteux, Dubos, Voltaire) use many other terms, which only shows the complexity of the term memoria. The aim of the article is to show the adaptation of the rhetorical term to the area of poetics and theory of art, and to present how this rhetorical concept becomes one of the foundations of the fine arts.
This paper deals with linguistic representation of ethnic heterostereotypes in French literature of the XIX century. The texts under analysis are "Journey from Paris to Jerusalem" by F.-R. de Chateaubriand and "Journey to the East" by G. de Nerval. Ethnic stereotypes associated with both physical and moral portrait of representatives of other cultures are examined in the paper.
The author uses the traditional methodology of literary history, making references to the critics of the myth and phantoms and the history of ideas. Based on the ideas of the theorists and writers of the West (George Sand, Charles Baudelaire, Vladimir Nabokov, Frederic Brown) and prominent Polish scholars (Maria Janion, among others), the author analyses the notion of le bovarysme within the realm of tragic „romantic dream taken out from romantic oeuvres” (MJ). The moral collapse of Emma Bovary and Luiza Mendonca as the heroines of Gustave Flaubert and Eca de Queiroz (in the novel Cousin Bazilio, 1878) would have a relation with the exhaustion of the pattern of the romantic poetics of dreaming (la reverie) and with undertaking by the Portuguese and Brazilian writers of the tasks outlined before the realistic literature „of a thesis” –what is summoned up is the thesis of the susceptibility of a woman to adultery. The Lusopohone metamorphoses and continuations of Emma Bovary are in a close relationship with the literary creation of Eca de Queiroz (in the novel in question and in the tale In the Windmill) as well as of Machado de Assis – the predecessor of the Brazilian realism and of numerous writers who use Portuguese and Spanish in Europe and Latin America.
During the 19th century, Giuseppe Mazzini communicated to his contemporaries the feeling of a strong hostility against France, to defend his project of emancipation of Italy (and Europe) from French tutelage. So he decided to choose other models and other examples, in European literature, that could serve as a guide and reference point. In particular, he was influenced by Polish poets, who convinced him that poetry could animate the “Europe of the people” and guide them to achieve the major objectives of the “new epoch”. Polish literature is the origin of Mazzini’s exaltation of Risorgimento poetry and constituted a positive reference point to counter the decline and loss of influence of French culture.
In this paper, our analysis will focus on the concept of stereotype based on the notion of “bêtise” (stupidity) that French essayist and novelist Belinda Cannone deplores. We will study how she rethinks the “bêtise”, after Flaubert who defined it as the art of wanting to conclude. In La bêtise s’améliore (2007) Cannone gives the example of Flaubert, making the “bêtise” the doxa that touches all areas of social life. The central element of “bêtise”, according to Belinda Cannone, remains in many respects conformism. It is a question of seeing how, in Cannone’s discourse, these two notions – “bêtise” and conformism – are articulated and allow her to redefine her ethos of the engaged intellectual in the public space.
The aim of the present paper is to examine the relations between the novels, published by François Guillaume Ducray-Duminil (1761–1819), and their melodramatic adaptations, w ith a particular emphasis being set on the works of René-Charles Guilbert de Pixerécourt (1773–1844). After comparing fragments of the novels with certain extracts of the melodramas, the article focuses on the similarities between the two sets of texts as well as on Ducray-Duminil’s attitude towards the fact that countless playwrights used to draw on his works in order to create their melodramas. The paper concludes with a short analysis of reasons why Ducray-Duminil’s novels were so popular amongst the dramatic writers of his times.
The works of Simone de Beauvoir – an intellectual writer, an icon of feminism, and a representative of existentialism – explore the issues of gender identity and femininity. This article reflects on the writings of the author, which reveal the otherness of a woman who asserts her right to be present in culture. Her works also stress independence and autonomy. Beauvoir’s largely autobiographical texts express a search for identity by a woman with strong social and political commitments, who fought against injustice, intolerance, and wars, defending the rights of women and the human dignity. Through her critique of the bourgeoisie Beauvoir manifested her need for freedom, identified with her occupation. Aware of the limitations attributed to her sex, Beauvoir draws the portrait of a courageous woman with unrestricted identity. These works remain valid even outside the academic discourse owing to their constant emphasis on creation, independence, and individualism as well as revealing exposures. Self-creation provides an interesting perspective on today’s humanities and inspires women’s writing in the 21st century.
Often dubious or allergic, even downright negative, the reactions to the word “Francophone”, a term whose meaning is nevertheless clear, do not fail to raise questions. They are particularly strong in the literary field where more and more Francophone literatures are developing, the emergence, study and recognition of which always come up against resistance without equal in other linguistic areas resulting from European colonization. The explanation lies at the very heart of the History of France and of the Franco-French structures for apprehending the world – particularly through the place and the conception of the language and literature that signify it – what the author calls the French ideology. The effects of Parisian editorial centralism, unique in the world, are also studied, as well as the contrasting consequences of the political use made of the French language and its supposed universality. Diverse historical strata and contemporary contradictions are meticulously analysed, as well as the obstacles to considering and building a plural Franco-Francophone space. What the rejection of the word “Francophone” refers to is the realities that it designates and forces us to recognize fundamentally. They call into question a habitus.
In France the 1820s and 1830s brought about enormous changes in the perception of literature and art as a whole. Young poets, encouraged by the success and novelty of Méditations poétiques by Alphonse de Lamartine, started seeking new possibilities of expression and ways of breaking with the several-centuries-old tradition. They met with a strong protest from conservative milieu, especially those linked to Académie française, and this made them fight for a new paradigm in literature. They eagerly experimented with language as sound (Lamartine, Sainte-Beuve) and graphic (Nodier) matter. They published their texts in the press (Le Globe) and presented them during meetings in artistic salons, which functioned as a kind of laboratory. Thanks to the support of Charles Nodier they could publish their poems in the best publishing houses, which largely contributed to their success. The final victory of the romantics was the premiere of Hernani by Victor Hugo in February 1830. Franz Liszt, who came to Paris in 1823, was an active participant in the artistic and intellectual life there. Moreover, he was also a friend of many prominent artists of the epoch, which can be seen in his letters, writings, and piano music from the early 1830s. A particular example of the relationship between the composer’s music and literary avant-garde is the piece Harmonies poétiques et religieuses of 1835. We find there the domination of the sound element, formal freedom, the intertwining of poetical techniques, experiments with structure, and a strong stress on the word aspect of the oeuvre, for example through very precise notation of tempo markings.
The paper examines Karel Čapek’s translation of French poetry and, more specifically, the differences between the two editions of Francouzská poezie nové doby (1920, 1936). Whilst previous studies were primarily focused on the linguistic and artistic quality of the Czech translation, this analysis retraces the possible reasons behind Čapek’s choice of texts. Reviews, essays and even personal correspondence are taken into consideration in order to reach a deeper understanding of Čapek’s critical opinion of contemporary French literature.
The authorship of the French novel L’enfant du bordel (1800) remains contested, with attributions ranging from lesser-known writer Pigault-Lebrun to revolutionary and author Mirabeau. To clarify its authorship, we conducted multiple stylometric analyses using a corpus of Eighteenth-century French novels. Comparing the distance matrix and the Ward’s linkage dendrogram reveals discrepancies in the authorship hypotheses which were examined using the General Imposters method. A knowledge graph on French Eighteenth century literature was further used to identify potentially interfering influences on similarity, like thematic relations or narrative form. Based on the stylometric results and the analysis of the knowledge graph, we conclude that the most probable author is Pigault-Lebrun.
The author compares two versions of the tale by Moshé Garbarz - a boxer-prisoner of various Nazi death and concentration camps. The first one is an autobiographical account, the other a novel. The context of the comparison is the ethical imaginary evoked by the sport of boxing as a cultural phenomenon posited between the natural and the cultural epistemological sphere.
PL
Autor porównuje dwie wersje opowieści o bokserze-więźniu obozów koncentracyjnych i obozów zagłady Moshé Garbarzu: intymistyczną (Un survivant) i powieściową (Le ring de la mort) w kontekście etycznych wartości, jakie w obu konotuje imaginarium boksu jako zjawiska zawieszonego pomiędzy porządkiem natury i kultury.
The article deals with the legacy of Teodor de Wyzewa’s reflexions on Wagner/Wagnerism and their substantial impact on French Symbolist writers. The requirement to actually overcome national boundaries and pertaining ideologies has been a major step in seeking to open up French literature towards major foreign influences. It has also contributed to shape and define modernism, albeit in a rather conservative and largely neo-classical fashion.
The interview by Marta Baron-Milian and Piotr Bogalecki with Jakub Kornhauser, who has been translating Gherasim Luca’s prose works from Romanian and French and popularizing them, aims at locating the bilingual oeuvre of the author of The Passive Vampire within the field of Romanian and French literature and on the map of avant-garde practices, particularly considering the history of surrealism. The problems raised in the interview focus on the workings of history in Luca’s texts, on their political character, and the undertaken interpretations are directed at attempts to capture the oeuvre of this author inter alia through the prism of the marrano figure, economic metaphors and stammer, which is a peculiarity of Luca’s language both in poetry and in prose.
PL
Jeden z głównych tematów rozmowy Marty Baron-Milian i Piotra Bogaleckiego z Jakubem Kornhauserem, tłumaczem prozy Gherasima Luki z języka rumuńskiego i francuskiego, badaczem i popularyzatorem jego twórczości, stanowi próba usytuowania dwujęzycznej twórczości autora Biernego wampira w obszarze literatury rumuńskiej i francuskiej oraz na mapie praktyk awangardowych, ze szczególnym uwzględnieniem historii surrealizmu. Poruszona w rozmowie problematyka ogniskuje się wokół zagadnień związanych z działaniem historii w tekstach Luki, ich politycznym charakterem, a podjęte tu interpretacje zmierzają do prób uchwycenia twórczości tego artysty między innymi przez pryzmat figury marana, ekonomicznych metafor czy jąkania, stanowiącego osobliwą właściwość języka zarówno prozy, jak i poezji Gherasima Luki.
In the present study, the author focuses on the phenomenon of involuntary memory, as treated, most famously, in Marcel Proust’s In Search of Lost Time. He, nonetheless, attempts to trace a “pre-history” of the notion in question by making reference to one particular passage to Rousseau’s Confessions that perhaps does not name the phenomenon of involuntary memory in an explicit manner, but certainly does treat a concrete experience that seems strongly reminiscent of Proust’s later and more sophisticated analyses. In the second part of the paper, he attempts to show that literature is not the exclusive domain in which involuntary memory becomes a crucial topic. He presents a “musical” analogy of involuntary memory by comparing Proust’s writing to the Wagnerian notion of leitmotif.
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