Search results - CEJSH

1

China’s Foreign Investment Encouraged Catalogue and Negative Lists as a Tool of Foreign Direct Investment Attraction

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Jakubczak J.

Annales Universitatis Mariae Curie-Skłodowska, sectio H – Oeconomia

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2020

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vol. 54

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issue 2

EN

Theoretical background: Due to the growing maturity of Chinese market the country needs to adjust its policy regarding foreign direct investment (FDI), i.e. to increase openness for FDI, to keep control over them in key industries and to influence their inflow in desired industries and regions. Adopting the negative-list approach and changes in both the negative list and encouraged industry catalogue provides tools for this challenge.Purpose of the article: The purpose of this article is to present how changes in China’s Foreign Investment Encouraged Catalogue and Negative Lists both in free-trade zones (FTZs) and at the national level are used as a tool for managing country’s FDI inflow.Research methods: Analysis of legal documents and reports as well as literature review.Main findings: Starting from the adoption of negative-list approach in FTZs in 2013, the negative lists had been drastically reduced both in reference to FTZs and national level. Those reductions lead to a decrease in China FDI restrictiveness index. FTZs were used as a testing area for both the negative list composition and negative-list approach itself. Negative lists allowed the state to keep control over FDI in key industries allowing, at the same time, greater freedom for foreign investors. Encouraged catalogue is used not only as a tool for attracting FDI from desired industries but also for addressing regional inequalities.

2

Primer on the Cluster Impact on Internationalisation in the Form of FDI in the Time of Industry 4.0

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Götz M.

European Spatial Research and Policy

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2020

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vol. 27

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issue 1

195-220

EN

The novelty of Industry 4.0 (I4.0) as a research topic means that the literature covering the interrelations between digital business transformation and categories such as internationalisation, foreign direct investment (FDI), or clusters is scant. This paper shows that clusters may contribute to the advancement of I4.0 while at the same time they stimulate the internationalisation of indigenous firms and the inflow of foreign investors. Based on conceptual deliberations it develops a research agenda for exploring how clusters might affect OFDI and IFDI by facilitating the I4.0. It can advance our understanding on the spatial aspects of the ongoing business digital transformation.

3

Exploring Foreign Direct Investment from Poland Using Grounded Theory Method

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Götz M.

Oeconomia Copernicana

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2013

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issue 2

73-96

EN

The aim of this study, conducted as part of the project “Polish direct investment in the mature markets of Western Europe”, was to propose a new concept, along the lines of a grounded theory, and emerging from the empirical data, seeking to explain the phenomenon of Polish investment abroad. Following methodological guidelines (GTM, or grounded theory method), including the steps of sampling, sorting and coding data, resulted in an analytic scheme that may provide a framework for the study of Polish FDI (foreign direct investment), particularly in the Western Europe. The results indicate that foreign expansion is sometimes regarded as a guarantee of a firm’s continued existence in Poland and beyond. A certain syncretism, or dialectic nature, of Polish investment in the markets of Western Europe, which may reflect the specific nature of FDI and may serve as a practical measure of this “diversity,” was identified in the course of this work. The results should enrich the existing literature concerning the relatively weakly conceptualized categories of Polish foreign investment and should contribute to the further development of research on this issue.

4

COMPLEMENTARITY OF FDI AND EMPLOYMENT GENERATION IN THE AGRICULTURE SECTOR OF GHANA: ANALYSIS OF RECENT DEVELOPMENTS

94%

Yeboah E.

International Journal of New Economics and Social Sciences

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2020

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vol. 11(1)

47-60

EN

Foreign direct investment inflows into Ghana have been a major source of economic growth transformation. Many investing countries aspire to provide Ghana’s economy with new models and direction for development alternatives to foreign aid which will in effect benefit both nations. Given the government’s intention of transforming most agriculture products into finished commodities other than exporting these commodi-ties in their raw states, a new set of incentives and policies to attract investors into the agriculture sector have been initiated. This consists of farming for food provision and employment generation in a bid to moderating the high rate of unemployment aside depending on the normal farming methods. This study sets to investigate the impact of foreign direct investment in the agriculture sector on employment generation. The paper argues that employment created in the agriculture sector was attained through the number of registered projects allocated to various sectors within the Ghanaian economy categorized by the Ghana Investment Promotion Centre. Methodologically, this study utilizes a statistical descriptive approach that backs a summary of the com-plementary analysis of foreign direct investment inflow quantitatively using data on FDI inflows from 2013 to 2018. The result shows that the percentage share of the total number of registered projects allocated and employment created in the agriculture sector through FDI is very low compared to sectors like the manufacturing and service. It was also discovered that the agriculture sector contribution to the Gross Domestic Product (GDP) in the late 90s weighed much higher than the other sectors and contin-uous decline in the 2000s. It is recommended that investors should enter into the agri-culture sector since there are many benefits. FDI, Agricultural Sector, Employment Generation, Economic Growth Napływ bezpośrednich inwestycji zagranicznych do Ghany był głównym źródłem transformacji wzrostu gospodarczego. Wiele krajów inwestujących dąży do zapewnienia gospodarce Ghany nowych modeli i kierunków rozwoju, alternatywnych dla pomocy zagranicznej, które w efekcie przyniosą korzyści wszystkim. Biorąc pod uwagę zamiar rządu w kierunku przekształcenia większości produktów rolnych w gotowe towary (inne niż eksport tych towarów w stanie surowym), zainicjowano nowy plan zachęt i polityk mających na celu przyciągnięcie inwestorów do sektora rolnego. Rolnictwo ma zapewniać żywność i tworzenie miejsc pracy dla złagodzenia wysokiego poziomu bezrobocia przy zachowaniu normalnych metod uprawy. Niniejsze badanie ma na celu zbadanie wpływu bezpośrednich inwestycji zagranicznych w sektorze rolnym na tworzenie miejsc pracy. W artykule argumentuje się, że zatrudnienie sektorze rolnym zostało osiągnięte dzięki szeregowi zarejestrowanych projektów przydzielonych różnym sektorom w gospodarce Ghany, sklasyfikowanych przez Ghana Investment Promotion Centre. Metodologicznie w niniejszym badaniu zastosowano statystyczną metodę opisową, która opiera się na streszczeniu uzupełniającej analizy napływu bezpośrednich inwestycji zagranicznych w ujęciu ilościowym, z wykorzystaniem danych dotyczących napływu BIZ w latach 2013–2018. Wyniki pokazują, że procentowy udział w całkowitej liczbie przydzielonych zarejestrowanych projektów i miejsc pracy utworzonych w sektorze rolnym za pośrednictwem bezpośrednich inwestycji zagranicznych jest bardzo niski w porównaniu do sektorów takich jak produkcja i usługi. Ujawniono również, że wkład sektora rolnego w produkt krajowy brutto (PKB) pod koniec lat 90. był znacznie wyższy niż innych sektorów, ale zanotował ciągły spadek w latach 2000-nych. Zaleca się, aby inwestorzy wchodzili do sektora rolnego, ponieważ przynosi to wiele korzyści. BIZ, sektor rolny, wzrost zatrudnienia, wzrost gospodarczy

5

Causality between foreign direct investment in the automotive sector and export performance of Macedonian economy

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Damoska Sekuloska J.

Equilibrium. Quarterly Journal of Economics and Economic Policy

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2018

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vol. 13

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issue 3

427-443

EN

Research background: Foreign direct investment is perceived as a valuable tool for economic growth. The growth could be realized more or less as a set of benefits depending on the FDIs features. In the period from 2009 to 2016 a remarkable increase in the share of FDIs inflow in automotive sector in Macedonian economy was noticed, from 2.8% to 14.1%. Thus, there seem to be good reasons to examine the issue of how the increased FDI inflow expressed through the remarkable in-crease of FDIs inflow in the automotive sector. Purpose of the article: The aim of the paper is to analyze the causality between the increased FDIs inflow in the automotive industry and a remarkable export growth. The research interest of the study is to recognize the importance of the FDIs inflow structure as a determinant of the export structure. Methods: Within the paper a model is developed that identifies the FDIs as a factor of growth of the export performances. A regression analysis is used to examine the correlation between the FDIs inflow and export. In order to examine causality, the Granger causality test is applied between the FDIs inflow and increased export. Findings & Value added: The results suggest that FDIs create a good basis for quantitative and qualitative shift in the export structure of the Macedonian economy. The paper associates growth of sectoral export with the growth of FDIs in that sector. Due to the increased FDI inflow in the automotive industry, this sector has significantly increased its share in the total Macedonian export. The paper indicates that FDIs can be considered as a way of engagement in the global supplying chains, which additionally influences positively the competitiveness and export performance of the host suppliers.

6

MODELING OF EXPORTS FLOWS IN THE VISEGRAD SUB-REGION

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Clarke D., Slovik P.

Ekonomický časopis (Journal of Economics)

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2007

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vol. 55

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issue 8

747-761

EN

This study investigates the determinants of the Visegrad Group (V-4) export performance with special attention to quantitative analysis of bilateral trade flows. Based on preliminary statistical analysis, a broad categorization of export directions for V-4 is introduced. Innovative application of the gravity model for international trade is applied to the various trade direction categories, revealing important results particularly in regards to the significance of inward FDI, the restrictive forces associated with the distance between markets, and the relative importance of estimates for aggregate supply and demand potentials. A new variable is introduced in this study to account for the fact that there is a new political border between Czech Republic and Slovakia. Evidence from this study suggests that the fact that these two now independent nations were unified until about 15 years ago remains a strong positive factor for the size of trade flows between them.

7

Siemiątkowski A.

Torun International Studies

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2016

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issue 9

131-140

EN

Social influence is not identical in each country or society, since activity of biggest corporations is so diverse. A lot of factors – both on the corporation side, as individual countries regulations – influence it, as well as societies and local communities specification. The aim of this article is to characterize the influence of transnational corporations on local communities safety on the example of Amazon.com corporation. Authors compared instances of two countries, in which this company runs le. Poland and Great Britain. Due to differences in conditions of functioning on these markets (e.g. on the level of economic growth or society), comparison of these two cases can give interesting results. An additional asset is the fact that author was an Amazon employee and he made many absorbing observations about the meaning of working in this corporation for members of local communities. The presence of transnational corporations in local area has a significant impact on local communities safety, because of influence on key needs of local societies members’ in terms of safety. The main thing is employment and salary. Very often huge logistics centres or manufacturing plants become the key employer in the region.

13

FDI Inflow to Special Economic Zones in Poland Regional Approach

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Dorożyński T., Świerkocki J., Urbaniak W.

Journal of Management and Financial Sciences

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2017

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vol. 27(1)

87-103

EN

One of the ways to convince investors, in particular foreign ones, to participate in the pursuit of host country’s economic policies leads through the development of Special Economic Zones (SEZs), which are designed to offer business environment more favourable than in other locations. The SEZs, which have been established and developed in Poland, play a positive role in attracting foreign direct investment (FDI) or creating new jobs but they may also have negative consequences, such as deepening regional disproportions in the country. This paper aims at examining whether location in a particular region (understood as a unit of administrative division of the country at the level of a voivodship) could be a factor determining the inflows of foreign direct investment (FDI) to the SEZs. The study uses statistical methods (Spearman’s rank correlation and Pearson correlation). Our calculations have shown statistically significant positive relationships between FDI inflow to SEZs and coefficients that describe the attractiveness (collective and partial) and economic advancement of voivodships. However, it seems that against hopes vested in them, SEZs do not reduce regional economic differentiation in Poland. The results may suggest the need to reconsider the so far applied policy designed to support investors. At the same time, they prove that State interference intended to mitigate market imperfections may itself become the source thereof.

14

Location Factors of Foreign Direct Investment: A Regional Perspective

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Jaworek M., Kuczmarska M., Kuzel M.

Olsztyn Economic Journal

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2018

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vol. 13

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issue 2

153-165

EN

The following article presents the results of three research projects on foreign direct investment (FDI) in the Kujawsko-Pomorskie Province. They have been conducted by the Nicolaus Copernicus University team in 2003–2004, 2011–2012 and 2014–2016 respectively. The research was carried out using the same research method and covered both local authorities and enterprises with foreign capital operating in the province. The results of these studies allowed the authors to compare the assessments of FDI location factors among both groups of respondents as well as to identify potential changes in their perception over time and to confront these conclusions with the results of other research studies carried out in several other Polish provinces.

15

The Investment Development Path – a bilateral perspective of Germany and Poland

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Götz M., Trąpczyński P.

Przegląd Zachodni

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2016

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issue 3(360)

19-32

EN

This paper aims to explore the pattern of foreign direct investment (FDI) between Poland and Germany. It focuses on the bilateral aspects of the Investment Development Path (IDP) which so far seems to have been a rather neglected research area. Evolution along the IDP has been, with some exceptions, studied mainly globally without differentiating between partner countries. The conducted analysis sheds light on mutual Polish-German investment relations by putting them in the context of the IDP concept. The obtained findings can be supportive in formulating policy guidelines.

16

FOREIGN DIRECT INVESTMENT IN POLAND AND IN POLISH – TURKISH ECONOMIC RELATIONS

94%

Żołądkiewicz K.

International Journal of Emerging and Transition Economies (IJETE)

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2008

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vol. 1

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issue ISSUE2

219-230

EN

Due to economic growth Poland has been perceived as a country with good development prospects. It is an important factor to attract and to maintain substantial inflow of foreign direct investment (FDI) into Polish economy. Turkey belongs to major foreign investors in Poland. However, there is still a lot of potential in Turkish investment.

17

Attractiveness of foreign investments in Albania: a focused analysis of factors, constrains and policy assessment

94%

Dragusha (Spahija) B., Osmani E.

Academicus. International Scientific Journal

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2013

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issue 07

72-83

EN

Foreign direct investments are very important for the implementation of strategic reforms, transfer of advanced technologies and managerial methods, thereby stimulating economic growth in developing countries and in particular, transition economies such as Albania is. During the last years, Albania experienced an increase in foreign investors’ interest in a wide range of sectors, with energy generation, telecommunication, cement production, mining, oil and industrial parks heading the list. However, the major obstacle factors for FDI inflows seem to remain the same: pervasive corruption, weak law enforcement, poor rule of law, lack of developed infrastructure, lack of a reliable energy supply and insufficiently defined property rights. Determining the factors that attract FDI, and furthermore identify the main characteristics of the host country’s economy, are essential to understand the reason of FDI inflows to a country or region. In the empirical perspective, various studies give different results. More specifically, this paper has focused on determining the factors for and against FDI in Albania.

18

The Role of Incentives in Attracting FDI to the New EU Member States

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Dorożyński T., Kuna-Marszałek A.

Journal of Management and Financial Sciences

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2016

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vol. 23(1)

23-40

EN

In this article, we attempt to assess the selected investment incentives as determinants of investment attractiveness of the new EU Member States. This study is structured as follows. Firstly, it explores the existing literature on investment incentives. Then, we examine the major investment incentives offered by the new EU Member States. The final section examines the correlation between selected variables characteristic of investment incentives and the inflow of FDI. The study is based on statistical methods (Spearman’s rank correlation and Pearson correlation). Finally, we present the conclusions reached.

19

Rola bezpośrednich inwestycji zagranicznych w kształtowaniu profilu gospodarczego województwa podkarpackiego

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Puchalska K.

Przedsiębiorstwo i Region

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2016

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issue 8

88-98

EN

The effects of FDI inflows to the region are the subject of many theoretical considerations, both quantitative and qualitative. In the context of shaping the competitiveness of the region receiving capital effects can be both positive and negative. Whether the positive effects predomi-nate in the region over the negative results depends on the possibilities inherent in the region. SubcarpathianVoivodship, despite the weak notes in the rankings of investment attractiveness has its economic profile. It is the aerospace industry, but also electrical engineering, biotechnology, IT and chemical industries. The region has a large concentration of companies especially the aviation industry, research centers and developed educational and training facilities

20

Analysis of the Cobb-Douglas Production Function as a Tool to Investigate the Impact of FDI Net Inflows on Gross Domestic Product Value in Poland in the Period 1994-2012

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Kosztowniak A.

Oeconomia Copernicana

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2014

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vol. 5

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issue 4

169-190

EN

The purpose of this paper is to analyse the impact of foreign direct investments net inflows on changes in GDP value in Poland in the period between 1994 and 2012 with the use of the Cobb-Douglas production function. The paper consist of five parts. Parts I and II present some aspects of the FDI influence on economic growth from the theoretical and empirical point of view. Part III defines conditions indispensable for the positive FDI impact on the economy of the host country. Part IV outlines changes of FDI flows in Poland in the period of 1994-2012. Part V includes the main assumptions of the Cobb-Douglas production function and an estimate of changes in GDP value for Poland in the period 1994–2012 with the use of the VECM. The factors significant for economic growth are also identified, including the significance of the net FDI inflows. Eventually, the effect of gross fixed capital formation, employment, FDI net inflows, exports and R&D on changes in the GDP value are determined.

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