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Some remarks on changes of toponyms in former Sudetenland (The case of the toponym Bramberk/Krásný)

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Kourková M., Lábus V., Vrbík D.
Acta onomastica
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2019
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vol. 60
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issue 1
63-73
EN
On an example of naming one specific locality (minor settlement and the hill Bramberk/ Krásný in the cadastre of the town Lučany nad Nisou in Northern Bohemia), the paper deals with quantitative and qualitative changes that took place in the toponymy of former Sudeten during the 20th century. A special attention is paid to official interventions in the toponymy within post-war revision of place names as well as within later processes of standardization. The paper also analyses relations between the official and folk toponymy, and spatial fixation of toponyms. Last but not least, conditions of conservation of German place names in the contemporary Czech toponymy are discussed.
CS
Tato kapitola ilustruje na příkladu pojmenování konkrétní lokality (místní části a vrchu Bramberk/Krásný na katastru obce Lučany nad Nisou) kvalitativní a kvantitativní změny, které v toponymii bývalých Sudet nastaly v průběhu 20. století. Zvláštní pozornost je věnována úředním zásahům do toponymie jak v rámci poválečné revize zeměpisného názvosloví, tak v rámci pozdějších standardizačních procesů. S tím dále souvisí i analýza vztahu úřední a lidové toponymie a prostorové fixace toponym. Kapitola si rovněž všímá podmínek zachování německých toponym (tzn. formálně adaptovaných) v současném českém zeměpisném názvosloví.
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Psychometrické vlastnosti CSIV u české populace

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Oulovský P., Košová M., Kopecký R., Locke K. D.
Československá psychologie (Czechoslovak Psychology)
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2020
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vol. 64
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issue 2
155-167
EN
Objectives. The aim of the study was to evaluate the psychometric properties of a Czech version of the Circumplex Scales of Interpersonal Values (CSIV), a measure of social motives, and to generate Czech norms for the internet population to aid future applications of the measure. Sample and settings. An online questionnaire was administered to 2698 respondents, of which 2574 (34.77% men, 65.23% women) submitted complete, valid questionnaires and were thus included in the analyses. 2343 respondents (35.25% men, 64.75% women) also completed the BFI-44 questionnaire. Statistical analysis. Scale reliabilities were computed using Cronbach alphas and McDonald’s omegas. The CSIV octant scales’ circumplex structure was tested using correlations, a randomization test of order relations, and structural equation modelling. Gender differences were tested using Welch’s t-tests and Holm method. Separate norms (means. standard deviations and quartiles) were computed for each gender subgroup. Results. The Czech version of the CSIV showed good psychometric properties. The Cronbach’s alphas of the individual scales range between 0.733 and 0.845. The McDonald’s omegas of the individual scales range between 0.738 and 0.848. The first two components in the PCA explain 66.67% of the variance, and all circumplex structure criteria were met. There were significant and theoretically sensible correlations of the social values or goals assessed by the CSIV and the behavioural dispositions assessed by the BFI-44. Study limitation. The study is limited by the absence of test-retest reliability data. The conclusions are based on self-reported data as part of the online study.
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Cíle. Cílem studie bylo zhodnocení psychometrických vlastností české verze dotazníku CSIV, který je nástrojem pro měření sociálních motivů, a vytvoření českých norem pro internetovou populaci za účelem přispět k možnému budoucímu použití tohoto nástroje. Vzorek. Online dotazník byl administrován u 2698 respondentů, z nichž 2574 (34,77 % mužů, 65,23 % žen) odeslalo kompletní, validní dotazník a byli tak zahrnuti do analýzy. 2343 respondentů (35,25 % mužů, 64,75 % žen) dokončilo také dotazník BFI-44. Statistická analýza. Reliabilita byla ověřena pomocí Cronbachova koeficientu alfa a McDonaldova koeficientu omega. Kruhová struktura jednotlivých oktantových škál CSIV byla testována pomocí korelací, randomizovaného testu relací uspořádání a modelování strukturálních rovnic. Rozdíly mezi pohlavími byly testovány pomocí Welchova t-testu a Holmovy metody. Normy (průměry, směrodatné odchylky a kvartily) byly vypočítány pro obě skupiny zvlášť. Výsledky. Česká verze CSIV vykazuje dobré psychometrické vlastnosti. Cronbachovo alfa se u jednotlivých škál pohybovalo v rozpětí mezi 0,733 a 0,845. McDonaldovo omega se u jednotlivých škál pohybovalo v rozpětí od 0,738 do 0,848. První dvě komponenty PCA vysvětlují 66,67 % rozptylu. Byla splněna všechna kritéria pro stanovení kruhové struktury. Byly nalezeny signifikantní a významné korelace mezi sociálními hodnotami či cíli měřenými pomocí CSIV a behaviorálními dispozicemi měřenými BFI-44. Limity studie. Studie je limitována absencí dat pro test-retest realibilitu. Závěry jsou založeny na datech uváděných respondenty v rámci online výzkumu. Článek je v anglickém jazyce.
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Standardizace zeměpisných jmen mezi dvěma světovými válkami:

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Matúšová J.
Acta onomastica
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2020
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vol. 61
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issue 2
343-360
EN
The Geographical Names Commission was established at the beginning of the 1930s. It was an advisory board of the Military Geographical Institute which was responsible for the creation of maps in Czechoslovakia between the two world wars. The documents showing the activities of this commission are archived at the secretariat of the current Geographical Names Commission working at the State Administration of Land Surveying and Cadastre in Prague. The commission working in the 1930s was responsible for the correct linguistic form of geographical names (minor place names) used in the maps of Czechoslovakia. This article analyses the standardization of several problematic names (Velička/Velečka, Vsacká/Vsetínská Bečva, Ždánský/ Ždánický les, Hloučela/Hlučela, Olše/Olza, Olšava/Olsava, Vlára/Vlář) on the basis of historical documents. It describes the principles used in this process and compares the forms standardised in the 1930s with the names in the maps and in the usage in the regions today.
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Psaní velkých písmen u toponym v češtině: polemický pohled:

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Štěpán P.
Acta onomastica
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2020
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vol. 61
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issue 2
417-439
EN
The article points out the most striking problems of the Czech codification of capitalisation in toponyms in which disagreement with onomastic theory is displayed. The first part of the paper focuses on capitalisation in prepositional toponyms, mostly street names. According to the new codification, valid since 1993, in prepositional toponyms the word following the preposition should be always written with a capital letter. This rule has not been respected by some local authorities (including the Prague municipal authority) or by the Czech Office for Surveying, Mapping and Cadastre. The second part, forming the core of the paper, argues against the theory of the so-called generic and proper-name component of a naming unit which is used for explaining the principles of codification of proper names’ capitalisation. According to the author, this theory is in contradiction with onomastic principles. The last (and shortest) part deals with capitalisation in toponyms containing two subsequent adjectives. The character of the paper is polemical; it points at the inconsistency of the current codification of proper names’ capitalisation in Czech, as well as recent treatises on this topic. The aim of the paper is not to provoke an instant and impetuous codification change, but to stimulate a discussion on this topic.
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Verbální fluence u dětí ve věku 5-12 let : české normy a vybrané psychometrické ukazatele

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Cígler H., Durmeková S.
E-psychologie (E-psychology)
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2018
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vol. 12
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issue 4
16-30
EN
The Verbal Fluency Test is the common task not only in the school psychological services. This methodological study provides the main psychometrical parameters of the test, particularly the reliability estimates, and norms for the number of words named within one minute beginning on the sounds N, K and P (and total) on the sample of 411 pupils aged 5–12 years.
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Test verbální fluence je často využívanou zkouškou nejen v pedagogicko psychologické praxi. Předložená metodická studie obsahuje základní psychometrické ukazatele, zejména odhady reliabilit, a hlavně pak normy pro počty slov vyjmenovaných za jednu minutu začínajících na hlásky N, K a P (a celkem) na vzorku 411 dětí ve věku 5–12 let.
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Poznámky ke vztahu oficiálních a neoficiálních toponym

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Lábus V.
Acta onomastica
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2025
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vol. 66
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issue 1
73-82
EN
The paper deals with the relationship between official and unofficial toponyms and its reflection in standardization process. The main attention is paid to the so-called semantic-motivational variants. On the one hand, their existence documents the development of toponymy, on the other hand, it complicates the fulfillment of basic onymic functions. Standardized toponymy should be based on commonly used names. If standardized toponyms show fundamental differences in the semantic-motivational component, they should be replaced by toponyms that are based on every-day use. If variants are also commonly used, there should not be an obstacle to standardize more forms.
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Nářeční a pravopisná specifika oficiálních názvů viničních tratí v Česku

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Boháčová M.
Acta onomastica
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2025
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vol. 66
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issue 1
7-22
EN
The article deals with the official names of registered vineyard sites in the Czech Republic, which belong to the minor place names. The names, enshrined in legislative texts, often contain dialectal elements and orthographic deviations from standard Czech. The text analyses the specifics in orthography, morphology, word formation, and partly lexis. The analysis shows that, apart from orthographic deviations (which reflect the neuralgic points of the current codification), the names of registered vineyard sites contain mainly dialectal features firmly rooted in the common speech of the inhabitants of the regions in question, especially in Moravia. The dialectal features are also firmly fixed in the dialectal forms of toponyms, from where they then easily penetrate the written form. A reflection on the functions of the registered names of vineyard sites in commercial space leads us to consider whether it might be possible to accept some features of the spoken language (dialect) in specific official contexts. Official forms of vineyard sites can appear on wine labels and are part of the product labeling (brand); they are an essential symbol of expected quality for producers and consumers. They underline the product’s authenticity and link to a specific locality, a necessary value for wineries. The specific dialect features significantly reinforce and are integral to this local identity.
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Dialectal name forms in official names - a view from Austria

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Jordan P.
Acta onomastica
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2025
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vol. 66
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issue 1
63-72
EN
The article highlights at first the system of place-name standardization at the global, national and subnational levels with all its benefits and problems and a focus on respecting standard language versus dialect names, where preferring dialect forms would mean standardizing to the benefit of the local or regional, not the national or global community. It then plunges into the Austrian situation with its federal, subsidiary political system and its prevailing bottom-up place-name standardization procedures. There it reveals that dialect forms are rather exceptionally standardized and elevated to the rank of official names, but that situations vary regionally as well as by feature category and the proprial and generic part of a name, and tries to explore the reasons for this situation.
CS
Článek pojednává o systému standardizace místních jmen na globální, národní a regionální úrovni se všemi jeho výhodami a problémy, s důrazem na respektování spisovného jazyka oproti nářečí. Preferování nářečních podob by znamenalo standardizaci ve prospěch lokální nebo regionální komunity, nikoliv národní nebo globální. Poté popisuje situaci v Rakousku, v zemi s federálním, subsidiárním politickým systémem, v níž převládají postupy pro standardizaci místních jmen zdola nahoru („bottom-up“). Ukazuje se, že nářeční formy jsou standardizovány v oficiální rovině spíše výjimečně, situace se však liší v závislosti na regionu a také podle toho, o kterou část vlastního jména jde. Text se snaží prozkoumat příčiny tohoto stavu.
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Neuropsychologické metody pro screening kognitivních poruch a měření paměťových schopností pro starší českou populaci: systematický přehled studií s psychometrickými údaji

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Georgi H., Jonášová A., Nikolai T., Mana M.
Československá psychologie (Czechoslovak Psychology)
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2025
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vol. 69
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issue 5
361-385
EN
This systematic review aims to provide up-to-date information on neuropsychological methods supported by psychometric studies involving older Czechs aged over 60. Given the scope of the review, the focus was on internationally recognised standard methods for evaluating global cognition and screening for cognitive disorders, as well as methods for assessing episodic memory, including malingering. Studies were searched for according to PRISMA recommendations. The search was conducted in the Scopus, Web of Science, Google Scholar and PubMed databases, covering articles in professional journals, peer-reviewed conference proceedings and theses. Twenty-nine studies were included in the review, providing psychometric data on six methods for screening cognitive impairment and their derivative versions, as well as nine episodic memory tests. There is still substantial room for comprehensive Czech manuals. Further analysis revealed that a number of methods lack validation studies. Another area of opportunity lies in the use of information and communication technologies in neuropsychological assessment, in terms of both administration and evaluation. Furthermore, there are few suitable methods for older people with language, premorbid intellectual, sensory, or motor impairments.
CS
Cílem této systematické přehledové studie je poskytnout aktuální informace o neuropsychologických metodách, které mají oporu v psychometrických studiích se starší českou populací nad 60 let věku. Vzhledem k rozsahu se autoři zaměřili na mezinárodně užívané standardní metody pro hodnocení globální kognice, screening kognitivních poruch a dále na metody užívané při hodnocení epizodické paměti. Při vyhledávání studií autoři postupovali dle doporučení PRISMA. Vyhledávání proběhlo v databázích Scopus, Web of Science, Google Scholar a Pubmed mezi texty článků v odborných časopisech či recenzovaných konferenčních sbornících a kvalifikačních prací. Celkem bylo do přehledu zařazeno 29 studií, které uvádějí psychometrické údaje k 6 metodám screeningu kognitivní poruchy, včetně jejich odvozených verzí a 9 testům epizodické paměti. Velký prostor je stále pro plnohodnotné české manuály. Podrobnější pohled ukázal, že k většině metod chybí validační studie. Další prostor je zřetelný v rámci využití informačních a komunikačních technologií v neuropsychologickém hodnocení, ať již při administraci, anebo vyhodnocení. Chybí také metody vhodné pro starší osoby s omezením jazykovým, premorbidně intelektovým, smyslovým či motorickým.
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Severovýchodočeské nářeční prvky v toponymii Vysokého nad Jizerou

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Lábus V.
Acta onomastica
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2020
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vol. 61
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issue 1
126-135
EN
The paper aims at the presence of North-East Czech dialectal elements – and, more narrowly, those of the Giant Mountains Foreland (Podkrkonoší) area – in the contemporary toponymy in the cadaster of the town Vysoké nad Jizerou. The author analyses both folk (“living”), and standardized toponyms and their mutual relation, and comes to the conclusion that contemporary toponymy employs dialectal means especially of the morphological, word-forming and lexical sort, whereas the phonetic elements of the Giant Mountains Foreland dialect are gradually disappearing. To the end of the paper, the author also suggests the ways of effective linking toponomastic research and the presentation of its results with the methods and tools of geographic information system.
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„Komunistická kritika“ v dialozích Rudého práva

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Tvrdá K.
Studie z aplikované lingvistiky - Studies in Applied Linguistics
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2019
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vol. 10
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issue 1
EN
I employ the concept of media dialogical networks that has been elaborated in the analysis of media data produced at the beginning of the 1990s; it enables the examination of media texts in mutual relations and to perform member-oriented analysis. In this paper I analyse the media dialogical networks that were formed in the national daily Rudé právo [Red Justice] in 1952. The newspaper exchanges from this period, having a spatially and temporally distributed character, display the same main structural features as the dialogical networks from the 1990s. On the other hand, they differ in many aspects. The most noticeable difference is the size: the dialogical networks from 1952 are much smaller, they are usually represented by only two newspaper articles published in an average time span of one month. The most frequently used sequential structure was ’criticism — acceptance of criticism’ therefore I make it the subject of my analysis. I focus on the nature of these structures and examine how the actors of the media dialogues orient themselves to the presence of the criticism in the media texts. The analysis of the collected data has revealed not only a standardized structure of the dialogue (criticism — acceptance of criticism) but also that even the content of the second part of the dialogical networks is to some extent standardized — it often contains identical semantic elements.
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Linguistic diversity and toponymic standardization. Some notes on the process of normalization of the toponymy of Catalonia

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Tort-Donada J.
Acta onomastica
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2025
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vol. 66
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issue 1
102-115
EN
This article examines the difficulties (historical and prevailing) in establishing a policy for the standardization and officialization of toponymy in Catalonia, in accordance with the intrinsic diversity of the Catalan language. The analysis of this policy is, we believe, scientifically significant – at the scale of both the Spanish state and of the countries of Romance Europe – for at least three reasons: the historical and geographical relevance of the process of differentiation of the Catalan language; the singularity, in time and space, that the modern standardization process of this language and its toponymy has come to represent; and, the dilemmas that arise from the virtually impossible task of fully reconciling linguistic diversity and toponymic standardization within the Catalan language domain. These questions are examined by undertaking an empirical case study of the microtoponymy of the municipality of La Mussara (province of Tarragona) in southern Catalonia. The article seeks to summarize the specific facets of the situation addressed and identifies possible approaches and lines of work (that might be extrapolated to other territories and other language areas) for improving the management of the standardization processes.
CS
Tento článek zkoumá obtíže (historické i současné) při vytváření politiky pro standardizaci toponymie v Katalánsku, s ohledem na vnitřní rozmanitost katalánského jazyka. Domníváme se, že analýza této politiky je vědecky významná – jak v rámci Španělska, tak v rámci románských evropských zemí – přinejmenším ze tří důvodů: historická a geografická relevance procesu diferenciace katalánského jazyka; jedinečnost v čase a prostoru, kterou představuje moderní proces standardizace tohoto jazyka a jeho toponymie; a dilemata, která vyplývají z prakticky nemožného úkolu plně sladit jazykovou rozmanitost a toponymickou standardizaci v rámci katalánštiny. Tyto otázky jsou zkoumány na základě provedení empirické případové studie mikrotoponymie obce La Mussara (oblast v Baix Camp, Tarragona) v jižním Katalánsku. Článek se snaží shrnout konkrétní aspekty řešené situace a identifikuje možné přístupy a směry práce (které by mohly být extrapolovány na jiná území a jiné jazykové oblasti) pro zlepšení řízení procesů standardizace.
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Nářeční prvky v oficiálních podobách českých anoikonym a urbanonym

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Štěpán P.
Acta onomastica
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2025
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vol. 66
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issue 1
91-101
EN
The article examines the occurrence of dialect elements in the official forms of minor place names and street names, focusing on phonological, morphological, and word-formation levels. An analysis of standardized non-settlement names recorded in the Geonames database has revealed that it is very difficult, if not impossible, to draw a clear line between names that should be converted into a standard language form, and traditional anoikonyms, where it is more appropriate to preserve their original non-standard dialect form. In the case of street names, it is also unclear whether the dialectal form of a name that conflicts with the standard language is chosen randomly (due to ignorance) or intentionally, with the aim of highlighting local or regional identity.
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