Małgorzata Balukiewicz, Protektoraty lwowskie. Początki i rozwój praktyki opiekuńczo-wychowawczej we Lwowie i na ziemi lwowskiej od końca XVIII stulecia do wybuchu II wojny światowej, Katowice 2000, ss. 158
The article is a contribution to the biography of an eminent Polish historian and Slavist Henryk Batowski (1907-1999). It presents his academic activity from summer of 1925 until autumn of 1927. Atthattime he was studying philology atthe John Casimir University in Lvov. Batowski became a leader of several Polish student associations. Ali of them were under the influence of the National Democratic Youth. He took part in works of few other, non-academic societies, most of which were connected to Slav cooperation, the idea to which Batowski paid great attention. Neither Józef Piłsudski’s ruling camp nor an anti-government student community of Lvov were supporting Batowski’s favorite ideas.
The article describes the contents of 2nd volume of the inventory to fond Magistrate of the royal and capital city of Lviv from the years 1787–1918, preserved at the holdings of the State Archives of Lviv Region in Lviv. This part of the fond contains records from the years 1854-1888 (fond no. 1798–3664). Records reflect the changes in the structure of the municipality that took place in the late 19th c. Records that until 1853 had belonged to the departments, such as the ones containing legal books and records regarding the real estate transactions or dealing with the tax matters were included under the remit of the new departments. In the mid-19th c. there were created departments from 1. to 9. and the new offices – of Mayor and (since 1861) a city council. Records from the years 1854–1888 relate to the history of the city of Lviv and the legal situation of its residents. This was an important period in the history of the Habsburg monarchy, which was transformed into a dual monarchy (the empire of Austria-Hungary), and Galicia itself underwent systemic changes associated with granting autonomy for the province. The fond includes regulations of magistrate, correspondence with the governorship of Galicia in Lviv, school boards, the police and other institutions; reports of municipal doctors on cholera outbreak; matters on expropriation in connection with the action of widening the streets, matters relating to the construction of the railway, construction of an underground channel for the Poltva river, street lighting, construction of tramway, etc. Much of the material relates to issues of religion, economy, and education and social matters.
Lviv Oblast can be proud of most favourable conditions for the development of various forms of tourism. It is a region of unique environmental features, characterized both by lowlands and mountain ranges with large share of protected areas. Tourist functions of the region are proven by numerous cultural heritage sites, especially in such a centre as the city of Lviv. In Lviv there are over three thousand monuments, which makes it a unique “city – museum”, recognized by UNESCO within its list of World Heritage Sites. Lviv Oblast is one of the most important spa regions in Ukraine, with the main spa resort of Truskawiec, which has been recently undergoing a whole range of structural changes. For many years a deficit of tourist accommodation has been observed, both in Lviv itself and in other areas of the region. Another drawback is low quality of the offered services, which is caused by the low standard of available facilities.
Since the Great Exhibition of 1851 in London, universal exhibitions have been held on a regular basis around the world to showcase nations’ cultural, industrial, and agricultural achievements. In Galicia, too, land exhibitions were held to highlight regional achievements. The exhibition held in Lwów in 1894 played an extraordinary role for two reasons: 1) it was supposed to refute the allegations made by Stanisław Szczepanowski in famous polemical book Nędza Galicyi..., published in 1888 and depicting Galicia as a land of extreme poverty; 2) it was the centenary of the Kościuszko Uprising, regarded as the important insurection in Polish history. Due to the significant anniversary of the national history, the event was transformed into an exhibition not only of Galicia, but of the entire Polish nation, with contributions from other Polish lands and the Polish diaspora. The Brazilian diaspora was unable to participate in the exhibition due to the civil war, known in Brazillian historiography as the Federalist Revolution, which erupted in 1893 and derailed their plans. The event, however, was supported by the diasporas of England, France, Switzerland, and, most notably, the United States, which even managed to construct the exhibition pavilion. The diaspora sent samples of their agricultural, industrial, and craftman’s products; women’s needlework; minerals and gold nuggets; ethnical association uniforms; photographs, images, and models of churches; posters and photographs of spectacles; volumes of ethnic newspapers; and essays written by ethnic school students. The separate exhibition pavilion and numerous sent specimens represent the diaspora’s developing national self-identification and struggles to contribute to the life of their country of origin.
Lwów ma niezwykle bogatą bibliografię, której kompleksowe ujęcie może stać się przedmiotem odrębnego projektu badawczego. Naszym obecnym zamiarem jest próba bibliografii jednego z segmentów tego wielowymiarowego zagadnienia obejmująca przewodniki miejskie jako gatunek literatury krajoznawczej. Ramy chronologiczne dotyczą tylko jednego z historycznych okresów, w których ukazywały się przewodniki po Lwowie – 1919–1939. Bibliografia publikacji przewodnikowych została podzielona na pięć rozdziałów tematycznych, w których materiał źródłowy jest prezentowany w porządku chronologicznym. Obejmuje zatem: Przewodniki po Lwowie; „Przewodnik po Lwowie” w przewodnikach ogólnych; „Przewodniki po Lwowie” w kalendarzach ilustrowanych, katalogach adresów, katalogach wystaw, przewodnikach po „Targach Wschodnich”, informatorach, prasie; Przewodniki po zabytkach historii i kultury; Katalogi adresów, informatory turystyczne, wykazy ulic i placów oraz publikacje reklamowe. Mimo wysiłków poczynionych w celu stworzenia bibliografii przewodników po Lwowie wciąż brakuje kompletnego opisu bibliograficznego niektórych publikacji. W opisach wydawnictw zachowane zostały cechy języka i pisownia oryginału. Dla kompletności opisu oprócz nazwy wydawnictwa wskazano również drukarnię lub nazwisko jej właściciela, nazwę instytucji graficznej, jeżeli były wymienione w informacji wyjściowej.
EN
Lviv has an incredibly rich bibliography, the complexity of which might be the subject of another research project. Our current intention is to prepare the bibliography of one of the segments of this multidimensional matter including city guides as a genre of travel literature. The chronological frames concern only one historical period in which guides to Lviv were published, i.e. 1919–1939. The bibliography of tourist guide publications was divided into five chapters in which the source materials are presented in a chronological order, i.e. guides to Lviv, guides to Lviv in general guides, guides to Lviv in illustrated calendars, catalogues, catalogues of addresses, catalogues of exhibitions, guides to Eastern Fairs, the press, guides to historical and cultural monuments, catalogues of addresses, tourist guides, lists of streets and squares and advertising publications. Despite the efforts to create a bibliography of guides to Lviv, still there is no complete bibliographic description of some publications. The descriptions of the publishing houses preserve the linguistic features and spelling of the original. The complete description includes also the printing house or the name of its owner and the name of the graphic institution.
The author accepting the distinction between history and memory in her article refers it to the institution which was perceived as important in a topographic and cultural sense in the lives of Poles (mainly intelligentsia) in the modern era – to the Lviv Ossolineum. She does not present the history of the Ossolineum but she is interested in finding answer to the question about the process of creating the exceptional status of the Lviv library and the transmission on the significance of that place and values connected with it to the society in the individual and social awareness. It is an attempt to analyze the memory about the institution through the prism of scientific knowledge about it. The writer pays attention to the fact that the Ossolineum owed the most to its employees who did the task of presenting its achievements in a longer or shorter time span. Indicating various approaches to studies on the history of the Ossolineum and possibilities of further research the author focuses her attention on the process of shaping social memory of the Ossolineum distinguishing within it such elements as the establishing idea, development of the institution and the role of its directors, scholarship holders of the Lviv foundation which included two, namely Stanisław Łempicki and Stanisław Wasylewski, who played a key role in preserving the Ossolineum memory thanks to their high mental culture and literary abilities
The Ossolineum in Lviv was one of the most important scientific-cultural centres in Poland and the second largest (right behind the Jagiellonian Library) library. Since 1939 it was taken over by the Soviet and German occupying authorities. It was nationalized and reorganized. Thanks to the determination and involvement of many Polish employees of the Ossolineum the vast part of the book collection was saved from destruction and degradation. One of the people taking part in this process was Wacław Olszewicz, a librarian, excursionist, prewar ministerial clerk who spent the postwar period in Lviv. Here he devoted his time to working with books as consecutively a librarian and bibliographer in the Ossolineum, the Ukrainian Academy of Sciences and the Academy of Sciences of the Soviet Union at the cost of quitting the chance of returning to Poland. He kept in touch with Polish scientists publishing his works in Polish journals. He died in 1974. He was buried on the Janowski cemetery in Lviv.
This article presents a forgotten Polish intellectual Julian Edwin Zachariewicz (1883– 1939?). He was a son of famous Polish architect Julian Oktawian Zachariewicz. He was educated in former Galicja's schools in Lwów and Chyrów. He studied philosophy and many other disciplines mainly in Lwów and Berlin. He worked as a writer and journalist but he also made some contributions to philosophy. He was interested mainly in science-religion relations (e.g. E. Haeckel's monism). This paper investigates a role of philosophy in Zachariewicz's articles and correspondence (with famous thinkers: K. Twardowski, A. Einstein, W. Wundt, M. Grabmann). This article also shows interesting Zachariewicz's cooperation with a Polish Philosophical Society.
PL
Artykuł przedstawia postać zapomnianego polskiego intelektualisty Juliana Edwina Zachariewicza (1883–1939?). Był on synem słynnego polskiego architekta, rektora lwowskiej Szkoły Politechnicznej Juliana Oktawiana Zachariewicza. Przyszły myśliciel wykształcony został w szkołach dawnej Galicji we Lwowie i w Chyrowie. Studiował filozofię i wiele innych dyscyplin, głównie we Lwowie i w Berlinie. Pracował jako pisarz i dziennikarz, ale publikował również przyczynki filozoficzne. Interesowały go relacje nauka–wiara (np. monizm E. Haeckla). W niniejszej pracy poddano analizie rolę filozofii w pracach i korespondencji Zachariewicza (korespondował ze znanymi myślicielami: K. Twardowskim, A. Einsteinem, W. Wundtem, M. Grabmannem). Zwrócono również uwagę na interesującą współpracę Zachariewicza z Polskim Towarzystwem Filozoficznym.
The article portrays the character of the romance community which functioned at the University of Lviv in the second half of the 19th century and in the first decades of the 20th century. Numerous charismatic Roman law scientists were connected with the University of Lviv. This group starts with Józefat Zielonacki and it also includes Leon Piniński, Marceli Chlamtacz as well as Ignacy Koschembahr-Łyskowski in its numbers. However, can one talk about a differentiating scientific programme in relation to Lviv Romanists and did their scientific activity have a common denominator? The paper attempts to search for an element which bound the Romanists in Lviv together by presenting the achievements of the scientists who conducted research into Roman law there. This would allow one to determine whether this community constituted a school of thought. However, it seems that it only was a breeding ground for talent which contributed to the creation of the modern Polish Roman law studies to a significant extent.
PL
W artykule ukazano charakter funkcjonującego na uniwersytecie lwowskim w drugiej połowie XIX i pierwszych dekadach XX w. środowiska romanistycznego. Począwszy od Józefata Zielonackiego, z Uniwersytetem we Lwowie związanych było wielu charyzmatycznych uczonych zajmujących się prawem rzymskim, takich jak Leon Piniński, Marceli Chlamtacz czy Ignacy Koschembahr-Łyskowski. Czy jednak w odniesieniu do lwowskich romanistów można mówić o wyróżniającym się programie badawczym i czy ich naukowa działalność miała wspólny pierwiastek? Prezentując dokonania uczonych zajmujących się prawem rzymskim we Lwowie, starano się poszukiwać spajającego tamtejszych romanistów elementu, który pozwoliłby na określenie, czy środowisko to było szkołą naukową. Wydaje się jednak, że była to jedynie kuźnia talentów, która w dużym stopniu przyczyniła się do stworzenia nowoczesnej polskiej romanistyki prawniczej.
Artykuł jest studium na temat pierwszego w międzywojennej prasie polsko-żydowskiej dodatku dla dzieci – ukazującej się w lwowskim dzienniku „Chwila” (1919–1939) „Chwilki Dzieci i Młodzieży” (1925–1937). Artykuł prezentuje historię i strukturę czasopisma oraz rejestruje zmiany w składzie redakcji. Na podstawie analizy zawartości egzemplarzy periodyku znajdujących się w bibliotekach warszawskich, lwowskich oraz jerozolimskich ustalono determinanty kształtujące czasopismo oraz wpływające na zmiany jego struktury i treści, a także wyznaczono główne fazy rozwoju. Omawiane w artykule czasopismo zostało ukazane na tle innych, ukazujących się w dwudziestoleciu międzywojennym, polsko-żydowskich czasopism dla dzieci przede wszystkim krakowskiego „Dzienniczka dla Dzieci i Młodzieży” oraz w kontekście kształtującego się wówczas systemu nowoczesnej prasy dla dzieci.
EN
The article presents the case study on the first appearance in the interwar period Polish-Jewish press of the supplement for children – appearing in the Lviv daily „Moment”(1919–1939) „Moment for Children and Youth” (1925–1937). The article presents the history and structure of the magazine and registers changes in the editorial board. Based on the content analysis of the copies of the periodical present in the Warsaw, Lviv and Jerusalem libraries, determiners shaping the magazine and influencing the changes of its structure and content were determined, and main development phases were set. The magazine described in the article was presented compared to other, appearing in the interwar period, Polish-Jewish children magazines, especially the Cracov’s „Children and Youth Journal” and in the context of the already shaping system of the modern children press
This article shows the image of the Ossolineum seen through the eyes of the authors of the Lviv guidebooks, its role in the cultural life of Galicia from the end of the 19th century to the first half of the 20th century. The largest in volume and the most valuable historical information was presented in the guidebooks by S. Kunasiewicz, M. Kowalczuk, F. Jaworski, J. Wiczkowski, B. Janusz, M. Orłowicz, A. Medyński, which until today remain an important source for the history of the Ossolineum. On the basis of the guidebooks we may follow the development of the Ossolineum library and museum during almost 70 years of its functioning. The authors of monographs highly valued the Ossolineum as the treasure chest of memory and also an important national centre of science and culture.
Autorka artykułu analizuje kwestię wpływu podróży na dynamikę życia wybranych uczniów Ksawerego Liskego, to znaczy Bronisława Gorczaka (1854–1918) oraz Wiktora Czermaka (1863–1913). Pierwszy po ukończeniu studiów we Lwowie podjął na początku lat 80. XIX w. obowiązki archiwisty – potem także bibliotekarza – w Sławucie na Wołyniu, u księcia Romana Damiana Sanguszki. Drugi po obronie na Uniwersytecie Jagiellońskim napisanej we Lwowie rozprawy doktorskiej mógł dzięki wsparciu krakowskiej wszechnicy prowadzić kwerendy w archiwach rzymskich, berlińskich, wiedeńskich, osiągając z czasem profesurę zwyczajną. Autorka dochodzi do wniosku, że na przełomie XIX i XX w. naukowe podróże były ważnym czynnikiem rozwoju badaczy przeszłości, a Lwów pozostawał dla wychowanków Liskego stałym punktem odniesienia.
EN
The author of the article analyses the questions of the influence of travelling on the dynamics of life of selected students of Ksawery Liski, i.e. Bronisław Gorczak (1854–1918) and Wiktor Czermak (1863–1913). The former, after graduating from his studies in Lviv, at the beginning of 1870s, he became an archivist, and subsequently also a librarian, in Sławuta in Volhynia, for the prince Roman Damian Sanguszko. The latter, after defending at the Jagiellonian University his Ph. D. thesis written in Lviv, could take part in search queries in archives in Rome, Berlin, Vienna, with time obtaining full professorship. The author concludes that at the turn of the 19th and 20th century, scientific travels were an important factor in the research development of the past and Lviv remained a constant point of reference for Liski’s alumni.
The Galician association of Mills was set up in Lviv in 1909, in reaction to the imperial-royal decree for the enterprisers to associate in order to industrialize production. It was a national trade organization and at the same time a kind of production and trading company of the "limited partnership" type. The Association remained in close contacta with the Austrian associations of the same type. Its members were the etite of the Galician millers, a technological avant-garde. They were owners of large enterprises (ordinary members), owners of companies in constant cooperation with the mills, and co-owners, tenants, directors and managers of the mills (supporting members), as well as people of great contributions to the Association and this branch of industry in genaral (honour members). The activity of the Departm,ent of the General Assembly was supervised by the Central Association of the Galician Factory Industry. The forms of work were lectures given in meeting, discussions on the modernization of mellering, publications, devoted to technological novelties in the trade. in professional magazines and other journals, agitating actions promoting the techno-energetic modernization and industrialization of mills, organizing courses and verifying the teoretical and practical qualifications of the work applicants in highly-organized enterpries. The Association played a pionieer role in the field of industrialization of the Galician mills, especially in Lviv.