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EN
In December 1970 there was a workers' rebellion in Gdansk and Gdynia on the Polish Baltic Coast. The thesis of this paper is that one of the reasons for the outburst of social discontent was an intensified state of relative deprivation, especially among the young workers. The author proves his thesis in two stages. First, he describes the economic and demographic situation in Poland in 1956-1970. Subsequently, on the basis of the analysis of workers' statements, he demonstrates the existence of a state of relative deprivation. The historical sources consist of the reports of the Secret Police and the Organizational Department of the Central Committee of the PUWP, as well as letters sent by the workers to the Polish Radio and TV.
EN
The paper analyses the historiography of the „history of workers“ in the period of Slovak State (1939 – 1945) until the year 1989. In addition to the general analysis, the aim is to answer the question how far (if at all) may the „history of workers“ be identified with the labor history in historiography before 1989? Secondarily, the study provides a brief description of the thematic publications examined to find out what specific area and themes were elaborated in historiography before 1989 and how particular research trends were developed.
EN
The article describes a collection of 9,000 photographs with captions – entries to a worker-oriented photographic contest – and the paths by which they came from private albums through the contest and museum exhibitions, until they found a place in the ethnographic archive of the Łódź University and in a digital repository. Having left household archives, they became a part of a public heritage rooted in, and dependent on, various historical contexts. Each procedure in some way determined the fortunes of the collection and constituted a choice that imparted a certain shape and meaning to the photographs.
EN
This work deals with many types of economic fights between employees and employers in Austrian monarchy before World War One, especially about the strikes and the lockouts. These two more important fights were very intensive and massive and create a big suspense in the society. There are statistics about the strikes and the lockouts for years 1894-1914, so it is possible point out important trends in these movements and compare them to each other.
EN
Due to population ageing, Czech and Slovak elderly workers have been becoming an important element in the labour market while their economic activity has been still rather low. To increase it, it is essential not only to enhance the competencies of elderly workers and eliminate prejudices of employers against them but also to encourage their motivation to work. In such context, value of work for elderly workers may be crucial. This paper focuses on the value of work and the attitudes to work of elderly Czech and Slovak workers. It is based on the European Value Study (EVS) longitudinal data which surveyed work values in 1991, 1999 and 2008. As the paper illustrates, attitudes to work of elderly workers are very different in Czech Republic and Slovakia nowadays. The differences are not evident only in the generation of elderly workers but in younger generations too. The diversity of the attitudes to work is not caused by age but has been reflecting the different development of Czech and Slovak society since the separation in 1993. There has been a considerable decrease of work value in the Czech Republic as well as the decrease of work satisfaction and ambitions. Work attitudes of the Slovak population have remained stable in the last two decades. The value of work has remained very important for elderly Slovak workers emphasising job security and good salary.
EN
Cultivation of the memory of the Poznan June of 1956 was banned in Polish People's Republic (PRL) for nearly twenty-five years after the bloody pacification of the rebellious city. The leadership of the Polish United Workers' Party (PZPR) realized that the protests of the Poznan workers subverted the sense of the existence of the co-called 'power of the people' and for a quarter of a century adopted the policy of eliminating the Poznan June from collective historical memory. The situation changed radically in autumn 1980 when the 'Solidarity' movement referred to the tradition of the first revolt of the society in PRL, a decision that could not leave PZPR passive. The article is an attempt to show the activity of PZPR in shaping the historical policy toward the Poznan June in the last decade of PRL. The following research questions served as starting points: Why did PZPR decide to 'reclaim' the Poznan June in the 1980's by giving it an adequately 'objective' character and including into the party calendar of commemorations of feasts and anniversaries? By what means did the Voivodship Committee (KW PZPR) intend to achieve this goal? To what extent were the political-propagandist initiatives of PZPR characterized by repeatability and to what extent were they used in the realization of short-term political goals?
EN
Single market is the basic pillar of the EU’s economic integration. Its functioning influences Union’s economic growth and its global macroeconomic performance. Article analyses current state of market integration resulting from economic freedoms of common market – free movement of goods, persons, services, and capital. Key areas where economic protectionism of the EU member states persists are in focus. Even though goods and financial markets were already integrated to a large extent, services, labour, and public procurement markets are still national in character. Macro- and microeconomic effects of the creation of single market are also constituent part of the analysis.
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