Search results - CEJSH

1

Adware as one form of disinformation

100%

Szczepkowski D., Szczepkowski P.

Studia Administracji i Bezpieczeństwa

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2021

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issue 10

197-208

EN

Human existence has allowed a dynamic development of technology, particularly in cyberspace. One of these technologies is the internet, which has become an inseparable part of man’s everyday life. This state of affairs increasingly blurs the boundary between real and virtual life. It is evident in the current pandemic situation, where society has been forced to live in confinement for fear of health. This has resulted in increased activity and the use of cyberspace, creating greater opportunities for cybercriminals. One of these threats is disinformation on the internet, especially in social networks. The following article outlines the threat of disinformation and its methods of spreading it through adware modules.

2

Disinformation as a threat to national security on the example of the COVID-19 pandemic

80%

Sługocki W. Ł., Sowa B.

Security and Defence Quarterly

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2021

EN

Nowadays, the vast majority of the threats to our security is related to information security, resulting in a significant transformation of national security systems. One such threat is disinformation, which is increasingly being used intentionally. The study examines certain impacts of disinformation on national security as a system, on the example of the COVID-19 pandemic. Therefore, the study explores some processes visible at the international level and reviews some external problems in connection with national security. Research methods and techniques implemented in the research process itself are primarily based on a critical analysis of the literature and the analysis and synthesis of published research results. The main findings show that the phenomenon of disinformation, which intensifies in crisis situations (e.g. related to the outbreak of a pandemic) contributes to the destabilization of public mood, hinders the functioning of the basic organs of the state and, consequently, increases the negative effects of crisis events. Secondly, the disinformation used during the COVID-19 pandemic has exacerbated its effects, causing damage on an unprecedented scale. The analyses show that the fight against disinformation must be based on the assumption that the security of the state depends primarily on the information awareness of each citizen. Social awareness is built through effective education aimed at raising basic medical knowledge. Disinformation has serious consequences for modern countries as it creates a new threat to their national security in peacetime.

3

Polskie media o wojnie na Ukrainie – przegląd ważniejszych wydarzeń pierwszego półrocza 2022 roku

80%

Stalmach S.

Cybersecurity and Law

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2023

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vol. 9

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issue 1

215-242

EN

The war that Russia has been waging against Ukraine since 2022 is brutal and described as full-scale, i.e. with the use of all forces and means. In the era of dynamically developing media, information has also become a weapon that is consciously used in this conflict. When reviewing the most important information that was the focus of interest of a large part of the media in Poland during the first half of the year after the Russian attack on Ukraine, it can be stated that the media in Poland extensively inform about the war in Ukraine, but they do not limit themselves to reporting the conflict, they also refer to to disinformation and propaganda, and even touch on the sphere of resentment that is still alive between different countries. The summary of information makes it clear how important the media are in the modern world and that care for their development and securing the media infrastructure is a strategic task of the state.

4

Russia’s social-impact operations in the context of cognitive warfare in Ukraine in 2022

80%

Krawczyk P., Wiśnicki J.

Cybersecurity and Law

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2023

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vol. 9

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issue 1

194-203

EN

In this article, we attempt to identify Russia’s social-impact operations in the context of information operations conducted by the Russian Federation during 2022 in the war against Ukraine. The need to undertake the analysis of the creation and proliferation of information threats, as a result of Russia’s actions in the ongoing conflict, is dictated by the growing impact of communication processes on global security. This article discusses the impact and role of mass media on the shaping of people’s minds, by exposing the mechanisms behind the formation of public opinion.

5

The origins and consequences of news media’s securitization – introducing the concept of news security

80%

Filipiak A., Wiśniewski R.

Przegląd Zachodni

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2020

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issue 1 (374)

313-328

EN

In the past several years, trends in both international security and media environments have led to successful securitization of news media. Amid growing debate about “fake news”, disinformation campaigns and hybrid warfare, news came to be viewed as a weapon of contemporary international conflict. Based on Adam Mickiewicz University’s experience of participation in a global education and research program “News Literacy” (devised at Stony Brook University, New York, USA) the authors would like to propose the concept of news security. It is a relatively new sector of security related to the public’s protection from deliberate disinformation and the manipulation of news. This relatively new and promising area of research is strongly connected to the broader concepts of human security and cybersecurity. Access to reliable and truthful information can be viewed as a human right and a precondition for stable and healthy functioning of democratic societies. At the same time, current threats to news security are highly conditioned by technology revolution in media (driven by digitalization and network effects). The article aims to present the concept of news security and its constituting features as another approach to study and practice of both human security and cybersecurity. It also includes insights and experiences derived from the authors’ participation in the “News Literacy” project, focused on critical media education for a better informed public. Analysis presented in the article focuses on identifying key drivers and characteristics of news’securitization taking place globally. The authors examine the statistical data on digitalization and media consumption patterns, as well as analyze a case study of disinformation. A typology of strategies employed by different states to ensure news security is presented and comments on their effectiveness are made.

6

Disinformation – and what else?

80%

Chałubińska-Jentkiewicz K.

Cybersecurity and Law

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2021

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vol. 6

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issue 2

9-19

EN

The fundamental element of safety and of the presence of a sense of security is their being communicated to the public, which precedes development based on common perceptions and interpretations of the surrounding reality. With the development of societies, the progress of digitalisation in the field of communication, and the smooth transmission of information and data, the individualisation and specialisation of communications leading to completely new forms of activity, and social media and messages which are not addressed to the public, have become increasingly important. This refers to all events and phenomena in the public sphere, and its impact on civic life, the manner of its assessment, and the narrative which arises, and which is considered to be true by certain social groups or societies, as they can identify themselves with it, and, finally, treat it as their own – post truth.

7

New Technologies, Information, Disinformation, Fake News, Deepfake, Hate. Mechanisms of Manipulation in the Digital Space as a Threat to Security in the 21st Century

80%

Zalewski P.

Przegląd Policyjny

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2022

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vol. 146(2)

293-317

EN

The aim of the article is an attempt to characterise the phenomenon of online disinformation, using the so-called fake news, deepfake and hate, and the threat they pose, in the context of arousing social emotions and undermining trust in state administration institutions. The dissemination of false information on the Internet affects the lives of specific individuals and representatives of particular social groups, as well as organisations, and even countries.

8

Social media podczas wojny w Ukrainie

80%

Wiśniewski M.

Alcumena. Pismo Interdyscyplinarne

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2023

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issue 2(14)

157-167

EN

The author attempts to indicate the changes affecting the area of social media and the challenges it faces, such as the preparation of fake news and the challenges it faces. The war in Ukraine has shown, on the largest scale to date, how social media influence the perception of the parties to the conflict and how they affect allies not taking an active part in the war. The issues of dis-information, creation of chaos, manipulation of information and the dynamics of social media change before and after the start of the war in Ukraine will be discussed.

9

Disinformation as one of the key contemporary security issues. Review of the book by Robert Kupiecki, Filip Bryjka, Tomasz Chłoń, “International disinformation. Concept, recognition, counteraction”, (“Dezinformacja międzynarodowa. Pojęcie, rozpoznanie, przeciwdziałanie), Scholar Scientific Publishing House (Wydawnictwo Naukowe Scholar): Warszawa 2022, pp. 313

80%

Sikorski J.

Studia Administracji i Bezpieczeństwa

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2023

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vol. 15(15)

333-341

EN

The article discusses the monograph entitled “International Disinformation. Concept, recognition, counteraction”. It was pointed out that it is an excellent compendium of knowledge on this subject and can also be successfully used as an academic textbook.

10

International Scientific Conference “Communication. Disinformation. Propaganda. Information Warfare Ecosystem”. Report

80%

Sikorski J.

Studia Administracji i Bezpieczeństwa

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2024

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vol. 16(16)

343-349

EN

In May 2023, on the initiatives of the Faculty of Administration and National Security of the Jacob of Paradies University in Gorzów Wielkopolski and with the participation of several involved foreign and domestic entities, the International Scientific Conference "Communication. Disinformation. Propaganda. “Information Warfare Ecosystem.” During the two days of the conference, sixty-two speakers presented their research results, including eighteen from abroad (29%). They represented thirty-eight institutions, including 14 foreign ones (37%). In total, fifty-six speeches were delivered, thirty-three of them in Polish and twenty-three in English (41%). Scientists actively participating in the conference came from nine countries, in particular from Estonia, Finland, Kazakhstan, Lithuania, Latvia, Germany, Poland, Ukraine and Italy. 115 listeners listened to the conference.

11

The Information Sphere in the Age of Cyberthreats. Disinformation and Cybersecurity

80%

Śwital P., Skoczylas D.

Teka Komisji Prawniczej

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2024

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vol. 17

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issue 1

257-271

EN

Disinformation is currently one of the greatest threats in the modern world. This concept is related to the information sphere, which plays one of the most important roles in the state. It can also provide a substrate for the occurrence of cyberthreats and affect the cybersecurity of citizens as well as the state. The purpose of the article is to analyse the information sphere in the era of cyber threats. The article presents the concept of information and public information, the issue of e-information in the era of digital transformation, the relationship between disinformation and cybersecurity, as well as the legal liability for disinformation.

12

Climate change – political narrative and disinformation

80%

Sójka A. J.

Central European Papers

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2025

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vol. 13

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issue 2

37-55

EN

This article presents how climate change is becoming a subject of political narratives and disinformation, turning into a tool of political struggle. Scientifically proven climate change is often presented selectively, serving specific political, ideological, or economic interests. A key element of this narrative is to discredit environmental organizations and activists. The article discusses selected cases of denialist rhetoric and disinformation being used by political parties in the European Union. Particular attention is given to euroskeptic narratives that portray the European Union’s climate policy as a threat by attributing a slew of pejorative meanings to it. The European Union is the primary area of research here, whereas the United States provides a supplementary, comparative context to facilitate better understanding of the mechanisms of political polarization and the instrumentalization of climate issues. The aim of the article is to present the mechanisms through which disinformation narratives emerge and operate, as well as their consequences for the legitimacy of climate policy in Europe.

13

The Concept of Information Metabolism by Antoni Kępiński and the Mechanism of Information Manipulation. Conditions for Effectiveness and Ways of Counteraction

80%

Aleksandrowicz T.

Security Dimensions: International & National Studies

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2020

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vol. 33(33)

150-165

EN

In the modern security environment, information warfare is an increasingly important threat. The purpose of this article is to determine the conditions for the effective achievement of political objectives through the manipulation of information and disinformation. The conducted research used system analysis, also using case studies, generalizations and synthesis. This allowed to state that the key condition for the effectiveness of conducted information attacks is the mechanism described in the works of Antoni Kępiński as information metabolism. This makes it possible to formulate a postulate on the need to counteract such attacks based on building defensive and offensive capabilities of the state in the sphere of information warfare.

14

Threats to State Security in the Aspect of Disinformation

80%

Dukiewicz T.

Security Dimensions: International & National Studies

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2021

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vol. 37(37)

66-75

EN

Information in the aspect of security plays a significant role in influencing the spectrum of the functioning of the state. In today’s information chaos, information has become a tool of manipulation and disinformation, also used in the implementation of strategic goals of a given country. States can thus achieve their strategic goals because it is less costly, more difficult to detect, and allows some sort of manipulation of the rationale behind such actions. Such countries include countries for which democracy is only a concept. It can be indicated that information is a raw material that, in the process of manipulation and disinformation, becomes a kind of a tool that can be used in a targeted way. The issue of fighting disinformation is of key importance today.

15

Agnieszka Łukasik-Turecka & Krzysztof Jurek. (2025). Postrzeganie mediów społecznościowych w kontekście powstawania i rozprzestrzeniania się przekazów dezinformacyjnych Perception of Social Media in the Context of the Emergence and Spread of Disinformation. Adam Marszałek Publishing House, Toruń, 109 pp. ISBN: 978-83-8415-095-5

80%

Leśniczak R.

Central European Journal of Communication

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2026

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vol. 19

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issue 1(42)

173-176

16

Polityka informacyjna i cyberbezpieczeństwa w Estonii i Łotwie w drugiej i na początku trzeciej dekady XXI wieku

71%

Kamińska-Korolczuk K.

Przegląd Zachodni

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2023

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issue 3 (387)

117-133

EN

The article presents the solutions introduced by Estonia and Latvia to make the digital infrastructure they use to carry out state information policy and deliver public services more secure. The study aims to analyze the implemented regulations and assess their efficiency. The thesis of the article is that the authorities of both countries prioritize efforts to ensure cyber security. To achieve the aim of the study and to confirm the thesis, the following measures were helpful: 1. findings based on direct observations and field research; 2. analysis of sources and existing data along with a systematic literature review (Fink, 2005: 17) and the institutional and legal method consisting in the study of normative acts (Żebrowski 2012: 32-33) in order to analyze changes occurring in the legal order. This is a review article, and it is organized as follows: analysis of the key issues related to the shape of information policy implemented by Estonia and Latvia through the media; presentation of activities related to strengthening cyber security; conclusions. The analysis shows that Estonia and Latvia operate effectively in the digital sphere, but it requires ongoing monitoring of the destabilizing actions performed by Russia, their largest neighbor. The information policies of both countries take into account the preservation of relations between national minorities and their countries of residence. Actions taken by the Estonian and Latvian authorities in the area of cybersecurity have been ongoing for a long time and they represent a strategy whose effects are well reflected in the media sphere. The strategy awaits full implementation to ensure an increasingly higher level of cybersecurity.

17

Hybrid warriors : transforming Czech security through the ‘Russian hybrid warfare’ assemblage

71%

Daniel J., Eberle J.

Sociologický časopis. Czech Sociological Review

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2018

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vol. 54

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issue 6

907-931

EN

This article analyses the ascent of ‘Russian hybrid warfare’ (RHW) as a notion that transformed the understanding of national security in the Czech Republic in the short period of 2014–2016. It argues that the emergence of RHW as a specifically understood prime security threat was the result of contingent and often unruly social interactions across different settings, rather than a linear and centralised response to Russia’s actions. To capture this process, the concept of ‘assemblage’ is introduced and then defined as a temporary constellation of a variety of different actors, both public and private. Building on research interviews and documents produced in the RHW field, the authors then proceed in three steps. First, they chronologically trace the gradual emergence of the Czech RHW assemblage from a variety of different actors—bureaucrats, NGOs, academics, journalists—after Russia’s attack on Ukraine in 2014. Second, they unpack the inner workings of the assemblage by identifying the key actors and asking who did the assembling and how. Third, they look at how different actors were able to reinforce and/or transform their identities by being part of the assemblage, with an emphasis on the effects this had for the distinction between the public and the private.

18

Polarized disinformation. The coverage of US presidential election by Polish TV

71%

Kolczyński M., Norstrom R.

Horyzonty Polityki

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2022

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vol. 13

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issue 44

105-119

PL

RESEARCH OBJECTIVE: Analysis of how the 2020 US presidential election was covered and framed by Polish television news programs, and whether the polarization of media and politics in Poland was reflected in the studied content, influencing its bias. THE RESEARCH PROBLEM AND METHODS: The analysis of the coverage of the US presidential campaign by three nationwide TV news programs – TVN, TVP and Polsat by using content analysis with elements of framing analysis and comparative analysis. THE PROCESS OF ARGUMENTATION: The article consists of four parts: the first explains the methodology of the study, the second discusses how presidential elections are covered and framed and what influences the national media being interested in covering foreign events. The third part presents the results of the study, and the last contains the discussion and conclusions. RESEARCH RESULTS: The coverage was dichotomous and there was a correlation between the political affiliation of the media and their choice of framing. The media used a combination of game, strategy and conflict framing that highlighted differences between Trump and Biden in terms of the election results and their personal attributes. We found that the electoral rivalry was portrayed as a conflict between the candidates and that the Polish media constructed “enemy” images of candidates and voters depending on their political sympathies. CONCLUSIONS, INNOVATIONS, AND RECOMMENDATIONS: The polarization of media and politics in Poland was reflected in the coverage of the US election. The broadcasters placed Polish political conflicts in the context of the US campaign. It shows that foreign events may be covered by national media through the prism of political bias.

19

Information in the aspect of security threats and challenges

71%

Dukiewicz T.

Studia nad Autorytaryzmem i Totalitaryzmem

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2019

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vol. 41

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issue 1

83-93

EN

In the article, the author describes the driving force behind deliberate informational activities. He pays particular attention to the current security situation in the information dimension. Existing systems in the area of security management should be resistant to disinformation and informational operations. There is no room for the freedom of interpretation of the information acquired since every decision results in the actions of people, therefore it requires accuracy and caution. This issue takes on a special dimension when it concerns the state, because this environment contains specific features such as a changing environment, time scarcity and often verified information. Only efficient management of information processes can have a positive impact on the development and elimination of state threats. Actions involving psychological or informational influence may also be carried out by other entities, state-owned, non-state and private, including those located on their own territory. First and foremost, our security depends on ourselves and by taking it into special consideration we also increase the state’s resilience to internal and external threats.

20

Appealing to compassion as an element of Russia’s hybrid warfare against the West

71%

Kaczmarek K.

Cybersecurity and Law

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2022

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vol. 7

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issue 1

51-60

EN

The advancement of information technology makes societies increasingly vulnerable to disinformation and manipulation. A skillfully conducted disinformation campaign may weaken the state’s potential and make it vulnerable to external influences. The article presents an outline of the possibilities of influencing mass behavior. An attempt will also be made to answer the question of whether the combination of knowledge in the field of neurobiology, mathematics, sociology, and other sciences combined with the use of artificial intelligence and big data allows for the development of a new type of cybernetic weapons influencing the subconscious.

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