Search results - CEJSH

1

Tradition and Canon in Medieval Arabic Poetry

100%

Filshtinsky I. M.

Rocznik Orientalistyczny

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vol. Rocznik Orientalistyczny, T. 43, (1984), wyd. 1985

2

Lord-Vassal Relations during the Rise of the Kamakura Bakufu

100%

Szulc S.

Rocznik Orientalistyczny

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vol. Rocznik Orientalistyczny, T. 41, Z. 1 (1979)

3

Medieval Inspirations in Cyprian Norwid’s Poetry

100%

Halkiewicz-Sojak G.

Colloquia Litteraria

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2018

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issue 4

EN

The author begins with underscoring Norwid’s defence of the intellectual achievements of the Middle Ages in part XII of Rzecz o wolności słowa. It prompts her to speculate about the importance and trajectories of reflections on the Middle Ages in Norwid’s poetry in general. Subsequently, Halkiewicz-Sojak casts the topic against the background concerning the romantic fascination with the Medieval tradition and specifically Polish difficulties in adapting the European (northern) variation of that current. On the one hand, Norwid’s considerations upon Godfred’s attitudes in Tasso’s Jersusalem Delivered and Cervantes’s Don Quixote lead to the conclusion that a nineteenth-century poet can only repeat Cervantes’s character’s gestures; therefore, for the author the Medieval props will be the book and the candle rather than a continuation of chivalrous adventures. On the other hand, Norwid – especially in the early drama mystery plays – conjures up poetic worlds of the Slavic Middle Ages and focuses his attention on the Christian initiation of the Slavdom.

4

J. Banaszkiewicz, Takie sobie średniowieczne bajeczki

100%

Żmudzki P.

Rocznik Antropologii Historii

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2012

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issue 2(3)

365–373

XX

A review of Jacek Banaszkiewicz's book pt. Takie sobie średniowieczne bajeczki, wprowadzenie Michał Tomaszek, Kraków 2012, ss. 603.

5

Średniowieczna retoryka jako czynnik kształtujący sztuki plastyczne. Przegląd podstawowych problemów

85%

Tabor D.

Analecta Cracoviensia

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2012

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vol. 44

EN

In the Middle Age the rhetoric was one of the seven liberal arts. Its position in the medieval culture Has been confirmed by Cassiodor, Isidor of Sevilla, Augustin of Hippona and Martianus Capella. The medieval rhetoric was composedof five parts: inventio (invention), dispositio (disposition), elucutio (elocution), memoria (memory) and pronuntiatio (pronuntiation). Only three of them exertet real influence on the fine arts. Inventio controlled the proces of choice of the ideas, which have benn represented by images in work of arts. Dispositio collocated the images in the whole structure of work of art. Elocutio applicated some rhetorical figure in order to communicate some massages throughout the images. In the Middle Ages existed two sources, which inspired the mediewal rhetoric. The fitst Skurce was the ancien, greek and roman rhetoric , the second – the semitic, biblical rhetoric. In the Bible exist two important literary and rhetorical structures – the parallelism and the centripetal construction. These structures influenced some models of composition of narrative cycles and series of images. Rhetor – a hypothetical personage, educated in trivium and quatrivium and expert in the rhetoric, played important role in the mediewal culture. He collaborated with artist and he applicated the rhetorical methods and rhetorical figure in the creation of works of art.

6

Chrystianizacja i elity władzy Wielkich Moraw: wybrane aspekty

80%

Książek A. J.

Historia Slavorum Occidentis

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2014

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issue 2(7)

90-106

EN

From the position of Christian rulers, faith expansion concerned not only individuals, but also entire communities. A decision appertaining to the choice of Rome or Constantinople as a place of importation of Christianity was both signifi cant and political. Following a number of failed attempts of Christian missions among the Slavic tribes, the ninth and eleventh century saw the emergence of the foundations of statehood along with a number of conversions acts of rulers and their milieux. The eighth century saw the development of stronghold centres on the Morava river (Mikulčice, Staré Město, Uherske Hradiste). The strongholds were rapidly remodelled in the late eighth/early ninth century, hence even prior to the Moravians putting in an appearance in Frankfurt in 822. At the time in the area of western Slovakia occurred the most aggressive expansion into the territory of the Avars located on the left bank of the Danube and new Moravian strongholds (Pobedim, Devin, Smolenice–Molpír) were erected east of the White Carpathians, at least as far as The Váh. These phenomena can be regarded as social upheavals within the political elite of the Moravians, centred on the Morava River, which resulted in the expansion into the territories in south-western Slovakia occupied by the Avars and the ensuing construction of new stronghold centres. That expansion presumably presaged the creation of a base against the Khaganate in Pannonia. The erection of the fi rst churches in the area on the initiative of the princes and nobles attests to the scale of the changes which occurred among the Moravians, having probably stemmed from very intensive, yet unmentioned in written sources, contacts between the tribal Moravian aristocracy and the Frank Counts from the borderland. It is reasonable to conjecture that there was not any organised mission, as evidenced by the ethnical diversity of the Moravian clergy emerging at the time. It consisted, apart from the Bavarians, also of the clergy from Italy and the Greeks of the Dalmatian cities.

7

Paralela ke zhořeleckému vévodství? K rodové politice Matyáše Korvína v Horním Slezsku

80%

Čapský M., Radek D.

Historie – Otázky – Problémy (History, Issues, Problems)

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2015

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vol. 7

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issue 1

172-179

EN

The article is dedicated to the politics of Matthias Corvinus in Upper Silesia, namely to his attempt to establish a new family domain there. He intended to hand down the new domain to his illegitimate son John Corvinus. The authors try to answer the question whether the establishment of this domain was solely Corvinusʼ reaction to the politics of the local dukes, or whether it was a well-planned power strategy and the goal was to gain supremacy over the strategic space on the borders of three kingdoms — Bohemia, Poland and Hungary.

8

Der Stand der polnischen Forschung über die Umgebung und die Höfe der schlesischen Piasten im Mittelalter

80%

Zawadzki T.

Mediaevalia Historica Bohemica

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2018

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vol. 21

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issue 1

61-71

EN

This article presents the state of current Polish historical research on the courts and entourage of the Silesian Piasts in the Middle Ages. It enumerates and characterises studies published so far on this problem, the number of which is not, however, particularly impressive. A relatively short list of articles visibly contrasts with the number of dukes who originated from this powerfully extended Silesian line of dukes from the Piast dynasty. The article presents various authors’ suggestions concerning the definition of concepts such as court and its entourage, but also means of determining its cultural level and ethnic relations that lied at its core.

9

Trzy średniowieczne świadectwa święceń duchownych z diecezji płockiej

80%

Kaczmarek K.

Saeculum Christianum. Pismo Historyczne

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2019

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vol. 26

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issue 1

EN

In the Płock Diocesan Archive, it was possible to find unknown testimonies of holy orders from the diocese of Płock from 1486 and 1504. They refer to the ordination of three clerics from Wilkanów and Nowa Wieś by the Płock ordinaries and suffragans. The analysis of these materials is important for the prosopographical studies of the Płock diocese’s clergy in the late Middle Ages.

10

Brunona z Kwerfutu wyprawa do Pieczyngów- aspekty misyjne i polityczne

80%

Paroń A.

Slavia Antiqua: rocznik poświęcony starożytnościom słowiańskim

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2013

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issue 54

97-116

PL

The Journey of Bruno of Querfurt to the Pechenegs – its Politics and Mission. The present study examines the reasons behind the journey by Bruno of Querfurt to the Pechenegs. According to the author, there is no indication that the missionary was involved in any political plans Boleslaw the Brave may have had for the steppe dwellers. The idea of the journey to the Pechenegs came from Bruno himself and was the most radical form of the missio ad gentes, for its object was meant to be “the cruellest people among pagans”. Bruno treated the mission to the land of the Pechenegs as an ardent confession of faith and spiritual trial.

11

Zacházení s těly popravených ve středověku a raném novověku

80%

Unger J.

Historie – Otázky – Problémy (History, Issues, Problems)

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2019

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vol. 11

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issue 1

127-134

EN

Executed individuals often lost their claim to a ritual funeral, and so their bodies were often deposited in various ways around the execution site. In the case of hanging, the body was sometimes left on the gallows until it gradually disintegrated. Somewhere near the gallows a larger pit was dug into which the remains of the executed were deposited. Sometimes the executed body or bodies could be cleared to a junkyard. In Moravia, in the last few years, the remains of two well-type gallows have been uncovered, built on a square ground plan with larger amounts of human bones in the interior. The proof of execution and subsequent removal of the executed body may in some cases be a double-shot. There are also cases when parts of the body of an executed convict were exposed in a special place as a worning to the public. In some cases, the surviving relatives could bury a corpse without ceremony at some of the smaller churches. It also happened that a prisoner died in jail or under tortur, or he was executed directly in jail. Then the body was removed as simply as possible. Human bones (mainly from the execution sites) were used in various witchcraft and magical practices and from the 16th century also in autopsies. Concerns for the remains of the executed that have not been respected have sometimes led to an effort to eliminate them.

12

Fragment der städtischen Wehrmauer des Krakauer Kazimierz, freigelegt 2005 an der Podgórska-Straße im Bereich des Spitals der Barmherzigen Brüder

80%

Niemiec D.

Recherches Archéologiques Nouvelle Serie

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2009

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vol. 1

341-345

EN

In October and December 2005, trial archaeological excavations were conducted on the north side of the Podgórska Street in Krakow, in an area of Medieval city wall of Kazimierz, in its fragment which currently constitutes a fence of the Hospitallers Hospital. Results showed that the structure of the stone defensive wall is not uniform and phases of its changes related primarily to the modern superstructures of authentic Gothic part can be observed. According to historical sources, the basic sections of stone fortifications of Medieval Kazimierz were erected between 1362 and 1369.

13

MIĘDZY BRAKIEM DOŚWIADCZENIA A ŻALEM ZA UTRACONĄ MŁODOŚCIĄ – LITERACKIE OBRAZY MŁODOŚCI I STAROŚCI W ŚREDNIOWIECZU

80%

Godlewicz-Adamiec J.

Conversatoria Litteraria

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2017

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vol. 11

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issue XI

159-172

PL

Human sensitivity to changes happening in the course of time and the theme of youth and old age is apparent throughout the ages in various cultures. In literature and visual arts of all cultures young protagonists are universally favoured, as may be well perceived in the arts connected with the court, where the motif of youth is invariably sought after and acquires the dominant status. At that stage even the presen-tations of old people are realised in such a context. Medieval literature contains both the record of regret after lost youth and the awareness of the experience gained in the course of life. It addresses the question of the relationship of old age and love and of the changing relationship with people at various stages of human life in the context of the varying perception of youth and old age.

14

Zeměpanské konfi rmační listiny pro česká a slezská města do 1419 roku

80%

Velička T.

Historia Slavorum Occidentis

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2014

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issue 2(7)

212-233

EN

The author has attempted to provide a holistic view of the practice of confi rming the documents for the royal and princely towns in the area of Bohemia and Silesia (the area of Moravia has already been explored in this respect) by the ruler. Confi rmatory documents formed an integral part of the production of the writing offi ces of the rulers of both examined territories, i.e., the Czech kings and the princes of Silesia. Whilst in the case of Bohemia the issuer is unambiguous (the King of Bohemia), the issuers from the region of Silesia could have included the Silesian princes (including the Bishop of Wrocław), the Czech king and the royal starosts (governors) in the principalities directly subject to the Czech ruler as issuers. Generally, confi rmatory documents are deemed to have been diplomatic acts which confi rmed the existence of a legal reality. These included not only documents (alternatively confi rmatory documents issued in the form of a mandate), whereby the rulers confi rmed the prevailing legal acts of their predecessors, but also those which confi rmed acts of their subjects. A selection of merely one group of recipients was deliberate, notwithstanding the resultant, apparently incomplete image. Such an approach has its advantages, inasmuch as it allows the examination of the resources in a more compact form, and what is more, throughout two territories to some extent shaped by various traditions. The author focuses largely on several issues related to confi rmatory documents, notably on the differentiation between confi rmatory and dispositive documents. Both types are to some extent convergent, and sometimes the dispositive formula is present in some confi rmatory documents. Furthermore, dispositive documents are sometimes deemed to be one of the degrees of confi rmation. Nevertheless, in most cases notable is a variance in the usage of both types of documents. First, the author presents a quantitative review of the number of documents issued for particular towns. Was there a direct principle saying that the more important and richer the town, the more confi rmative documents are found? How can we measure the ‘validity’ and ’wealth’ of each of the analysed towns? Which towns can boast of confi rmations issued by the majority of successive rulers and which have to be satisfi ed with merely a few acts? This question needs to be explored also from a different point of view: we need to determine the role of confi rmatory documents in the policy of the rulers towards the towns as well as how it was refl ected in the different phases of the duke’s (king’s) reign. The motives behind issuing individual acts of confi rmation and the question what forced the towns to make efforts to have their privileges confi rmed are essential elements of the author’s inquiry. The reasons might have been both external, namely the position of the town’s ruler, and internal – problems inherent in the functioning of a given centre.

15

Kariera majątkowa kasztelana rogozińskiego Przecława Potulickiego w późnośredniowiecznej Wielkopolsce

80%

Górczak Z.

Historia Slavorum Occidentis

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2016

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issue 1(10)

64-102

EN

The second half of the fi fteenth century witnessed the beginning of lasting political and property careers of a number of families from Wielkopolska. Among them were, e.g., the Górka family, the Szamotulski family, the Ostroroga family and the Czarnkowski family. The career of Przecław Potulicki, the castellan of Rogoźno (died 1486) is unique in this context. The founder of the future power of his family came from impoverished nobility. He did not hold any high offi ce, nor did he play a greater role in political life. He did not possess any major royal domain, nor did he have income from church property. However, during 50 years of being active in the economic field, he amassed a fortune comparable to the latifundia of the greatest magnates of Wielkopolska at the time: four towns and 49 villages. This was done mainly by purchase, which cost him a total of: 9212 of Polish grzywnas, 785 Prussian grzywnas, 400 threescores of groschen and 2930 fl orins. The foundations of the importance of the Potulicki family established by Przecław turned out to be sound and lasting.

16

Vesnice sedláků, hostů, nevolníků. K profilu venkova staršího středověku

80%

Žemlička J.

Historická geografie (Historical Geography)

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2021

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vol. 47

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issue 1

7-18

EN

We have lots of information about the look and forms of medieval villages, we know less about their social profile. As indicated by research, there were also villages where special citizen groups were concentrated in the Early Middle Ages, such as villages of peasants, serfs, fishermen, guests etc. (villae rusticorum, servorum, piscatorum, hospitorum).

17

Uchopení lenní problematiky v české a evropské literatuře z hlediska historiografi ckého diskursu

80%

Novotná M.

Historia Slavorum Occidentis

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2014

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issue 2(7)

199-211

EN

Similar to other historical phenomena, understanding feudal issues has always been closely related to the changes of historiographical discourse. In the nineteenth century, the institution of fi ef was treated as a component of feudalism and as such fairly negatively valued, whilst when in later literature, popular became a notion of feudal law, a kind of a legal system, its importance was highly overrated. Examined within the framework of legal history, the issue of fi efdom gained independence with the advent of processuality of the historical process in historical sciences, e.g., in the form of infl uence of sociology in the monograph from the late 1920s La société féodale by Marc Bloch, who saw elements similar to feudalism and feudal institutions in areas outside Europe. Positive assessment of the feudal system emerged in the context of the formation of territorial structures of the state, mainly due to the German scholar of history of law – Heinrich Mitteis. Further impulses, largely referring to older ideas, occurred together with the problematisation of some institutions formerly deemed immutable, such as feudalism, as well as the recognition of the feudal system as an independent social structure, not subject to the infl uence of historical factors and processes, e.g., in the 1953 monograph of Georges Duby La société aux XIe et XIIe siècles dans la région mâconnaise. Some shortcomings of the structural perspective were overcome by a more fl exible interpretation of the phenomena in the spirit of the postmodern discourse, e.g., through studies on vassals. The postmodern critique inspired the work of Susan Reynolds (Fiefs and Vasalls), who in addition to the use of traditional concepts, undermined the continuity of the historical process, or our understanding of the continuity of the historical process in accordance with Neo-Kantian philosophy. The Czech historiography, naturally, went through analogous processes, the change best attested to in the 1952 paper Lennie právo v Čechách by František Graus, who, within the Marxist discourse on the periodisation of history, applied the structural approach to the problems of feudal system, yet, as regards the title of the said article, still remained within the former discourse.

18

The school legislation of the Catholic Church in the Hussitian times

80%

Ratajczak K.

Saeculum Christianum. Pismo Historyczne

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2020

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vol. 27

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issue 2

60-73

EN

The aim of the paper is to show the state and changes in the school legislation of the Catholic Church in the crucial period of its history, between 1378 and 1477. The focus of the analysis is especially on the acts of law decreed by the popes, on the canons of the councils, but also on the ius particulare of those ecclesiastical provinces that were affected by the Hussite movement. Also, factors influencing the ecclesiastical law in the realm of education are analysed, such as political, social, economic besides religious. Very important was the question if the changes could be controlled or inspired by the Church or whether the changes of the school legislation were only meant to preserve the status quo.

19

Globalizacja – czyli stare i nowe średniowiecze. Podobne symptomy końca i wykuwanie się nowego ładu

80%

Laszczak M.

Polonia Journal

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2020

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issue 11

41-66

EN

Comparing modernity with the Middle Ages, you can see how different the times were, but this difference disappears when you look at it from a distance and focus your attention mainly on signals of decline. There are many of them, for example changing the approach to the globalization process. The Medieval Silk Road was getting deserted in the fourteenth century, citizens frightened by the plague, were locked in their national communities. Crises, riots – are well known from the past. And although today special institutions are involved in maintaining global order, they are not effective enough. One can get the impression that a new era has been forging before our eyes. If this is the case, it is worth paying attention to those activities that helped survive medieval crisis. The principles thanks to which many countries managed to take a better position are also valid in the twenty-first century. It is worth using them. Presently, we witness a lot of threats, but it is the moment concealing unique opportunities.

20

Exemple au service de la spiritualité conjugale : les couples royaux dans « Le Livre de la vertu du sacrement de mariage » de Philippe de Mézières

80%

Loba A.

Studia Romanica Posnaniensia

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2008

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vol. 35

83-92

EN

The reading of the didactic works dedicated to the feminine public at the end of the Middle Ages teaches us that their authors treat the marriage as a natural vocation of the woman and although they are not indifferent to the religious dimension of the conjugal reality, it is the terrestrial and profane aspect that interests them more. So the works such as the Livre pour l'enseignement de ses filles of Geoffroy de La Tour Landry, Mesnagier de Paris and even Le Livre des Trois Vertus of Christine de Pizan appear in the form of textbooks in which the women can find any sort of rules, even practical advice on how to become a good wife and how to make a successful marriage. Among these books concerning the conjugal savoirfaire, the treaty of Philippe de Mézières Le Livre de la Vertu du sacrament de marriage et reconfort des dames mariés (1385-1389) occupies a very particular place. At first because the material sphere and everyday life of the life of a couple interest him only marginally, then because he turns all his attention to the essence of the marriage. Through his return in the spiritual conceptions of the marriage Philippe de Mézières anticipates his time. By putting in the heart of the marriage the love, by putting the love as the foundation of the marital union, he contributes to the advent of the modern couple which will triumph only after the Council of Thirty.

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