Search results - CEJSH

1

The Attitude of Poles Towards Communal Police. Some Observations on the State of Civil Society in Poland

100%

Tatarczuk C.

Security Dimensions: International & National Studies

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2016

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vol. 17(17)

57-72

EN

The concept of self-government system in Poland assumes an important role for municipalities, which is the basic territorial unit of community of residents. It is the area where, with the help of democratically elected authorities, the basic needs of local communities shall be fulfilled. One of these needs, and at the same time, the own task of municipality, is to ensure public order and security of citizens. According to legislation, the proper measure supposed to be the communal police (municipal police in municipalities), which is a local uniformed formation, providing administrative-ordinal tasks. The first units of the communal police were formed in Poland in 1991. For all these years, however, they did not become a common service in the country. The communal police function just in one-fourth of municipalities and generally focus the heaviest negative emotions and social opinion of all the uniformed services. The author of the study, indicating causes of this situation, comments their underestimated by citizens role in shaping public order and security of local societies, juxtaposing it with the state of civic consciousness.

2

The Construction of Civil Local Communities – the Challenge of the 21st Century

100%

Lipska-Sondecka A.

Polish Political Science Yearbook

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2013

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vol. 42

60-69

EN

The modern world is very complex and complicated matter. New communication technologies have changed perception of time and space, the states and their governments are no longer the main actors on a public life stage. Unimaginably rapid progress of science and technology has been the main reason for which more and more people do not understand or have clear difficulties in assimilating and using the achievements of civilization. Economy based on knowledge and development of innovative society forced modern homo sapiens to faster absorption of changes, flexibility in action and much greater mobility than ever before.

3

The Social Phenomenon of Football: The Third Side Of The Stands. Activity of Supporter Trusts in Poland

80%

Grodecki M.

Miscellanea Anthropologica et Sociologica

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2015

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vol. 16(4)

100-115

EN

The paper presents results of research on the issue of football fans associations in Polandin context of the civil society. The analysis is divided into three areas: (1) the phenomenonof formalizing football supporters groups; (2) activities made by Supporters’ Trusts; (3)the issue of fans motivation to initiate activities that are wider than social role of footballfan. Nowadays, football fans are not only supporters whose role is only limited toattending football games or cheering the players. Groups of football supporters have beeninstitutionalized and professionalized. Fans, especially football fans, organize and formassociations (called Supporter Trusts). Supporter Trusts activities, in addition to dealingwith fans issues, are also invested in a variety of other initiatives such as charity, patrioticor integrative actions.

4

"Join the Cause" – Human Rights on the Internet

80%

Dorenda-Zaborowicz M.

Polish Political Science Yearbook

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2012

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vol. 41

367-382

EN

Human rights are “basic rights and freedoms to which all humans are entitled”. Proponents of the concept usually assert that all humans are endowed with certain entitlements merely by reason of being human. Human rights are thus conceived in a universalist and egalitarian fashion. Such entitlements can exist as shared norms of actual human moralities, as justifi ed moral norms or natural rights supported by strong reasons, or as legal rights either at a national level or within international law. However, there is no consensus as to the precise nature of what in particular should or should not be regarded as a human right in any of the preceding senses, and the abstract concept of human rights has been a subject of intense philosophical debate and criticism. As the new millennium emerges, trends in global human rights are changing. Human rights issues are crossing sovereign boundaries and are no longer just issues of the state. As more and more non-governmental organizations are growing, and the Internet expands and facilitates a quicker spread of information, there are more and more people raising concerns about human rights related issues. Some of these come from the increasingly larger and infl uential commercial sector including large, multinational companies, while the others are raised by ordinary people, being parts of different networks. The aim of this article is to examine the way social networks influence and change the methods of raising the awareness concerning human rights on one hand, but, on the other hand, to analyse how new media contribute to deepening global inequalities.

5

Specifika systému obecních voleb v předlitavském období a jeho vliv na volební kulturu (na příkladu Moravy a Rakouského Slezska)

80%

Kladiwa P.

Historie – Otázky – Problémy (History, Issues, Problems)

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2014

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vol. 6

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issue 1

64-81

EN

This study presents the municipal electoral regulations for Moravia and Silesia, as well as the specific electoral rules for the so called statutory towns. It then focuses on the actual course of the municipal elections, in which competing parties made use of all means in the struggle for political power, including loopholes in the law and obvious frauds. The specific political culture of the municipal elections is portrayed in detail based on the example of the municipality of Zábřeh nad Odrou (nowadays part of Ostrava) in the early 20th century.

6

Individualism and civic participation – an essay on a certain way of thinking about citizenship

80%

Plecka (Karnowska) D.

Political Preferences

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2013

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issue 4

89-98

EN

Individualism, although inherently contrary to the spirit of collectivism, is the basis for the development of modern civic attitudes. For the most part, individualism determines the degree of interest in politics and the quality of democracy. Individualism is also the basis for the development of civil society, as the unique characteristics of each individual impact the civil society dynamics, quality and impact on those in power.

7

Odpor, reflexe, tvorba a drobná práce v životě nejen filosofickém

80%

Hejduk T.

Filosofický časopis (Philosophical Journal)

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2022

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vol. 70

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issue 3

519-536

EN

The concept of dissent as it is articulated in the work of Ladislav Hejdánek is investigated in the article. The author first utilizes Pithart’s schematic division of dissent into the protesting and the reflective in order to subsequently, in Hejdánek’s conception, distinguish yet a third, creative type of dissent. This the author then analyzes in more detail in a systematic interpretation of Hejdánek’s attitudes and thoughts (including comparisons with the texts of other dissidents and thinkers). Nevertheless, he primarily focuses on the Chartist discussion on courage, in which he clarifies Hejdánek’s position, along with a search for a possible shielding, or more precisely in the context of a civilly disobedient position of an admissible and convincing concept of morality.

CS

V předloženém textu je zkoumáno pojetí disentu v díle Ladislava Hejdánka. Autor si nejprve pomáhá Pithartovým schematickým dělením disentu na protestující a reflektující, aby následně v Hejdánkově koncepci odlišil ještě třetí, tvůrčí typ disentu. Ten následně detailněji analyzuje v systematické interpretaci Hejdánkových postojů a myšlení (včetně komparace s texty dalších disidentů a myslitelů). Soustřeďuje se přitom především na chartistickou diskusi o statečnosti, v níž vyjasňuje Hejdánkovu pozici, ovšem spolu s hledáním možného zaštiťujícího, respektive v kontextu občansky neposlušného postoje přípustného a přesvědčivého pojetí morálky.

8

Občanská společnost : koncept a jeho historizace

80%

Kučera R.

Dějiny - Teorie - Kritika (History - Theory - Criticism)

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2007

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vol. 4

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issue 2

219-231

EN

This study is devoted to the ways the concept of civil society may be used in Czech historiography. It analyses the conceptualisation of the term in Czech historical research over the last forty years and makes reference to certain signifi cant ambiguities associated with the term civil society. The use of the term civil society in Czech historiography is still oriented predominantly toward the German concepts of the 1980s and ‘90s - that is, toward an understanding of civil society as a certain form of society-wide organisation. The author argues against this conception and proposes that civil society should be grasped not as a certain form of social organisation, but rather as a specific pattern of conduct, or perhaps even as a specific social sector. In the context of current debates in the Anglo-Saxon and German-language spheres, he then presents several basic ways of defi ning civil society and sketches out possible fresh uses of the concept of civil society for historical analysis.

CS

Studie se zabývá způsoby užívání konceptu občanské společnosti v české historiografii. Rozebírá konceptualizaci termínu v českém vědeckém výzkumu v posledních čtyřiceti letech a odkazuje k významným nejednoznačnostem, které se s termínem občanská společnost pojí. Užívání pojmu občanská společnost v české historiografii stále odkazuje k německým konceptům z let osmdesátých a devadesátých - to jest, chápání občanské společnosti jako zvláštní formy celospolečenské organizace. Autor se vymezuje vůči této koncepci a navrhuje občanskou společnost, která spíš než jistý druh společenské organizace, bude specifickým vzorem jednání, nebo dokonce zvláštním sektorem společnosti. Dále pak v kontextu současných diskusí z anglosaského a německojazyčného okruhu představuje několik základních vymezení občanské společnosti a načrtává možné využití čerstvého pohledu na koncepci občanské společnosti pro historickou analýzu.

9

Local Government and the Global Civil Society

80%

Chodubski A.

Polish Political Science Yearbook

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2007

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vol. 36

100-113

EN

A characteristic feature of a modern state is dichotomy of its development. On one hand, it is striving a!er unification and universality of social, political and economic solutions aiming to integrate the world, but on the other, there is a growth of tendencies disintegrating a country, development of localness, aspiring to give local communities high level of independence and self-deciding powers, that is: the reverse of massive society. The phenomena connected with unification and aspirations for preserving local identity are complementary and complement one another. The globalization of world-wide system does not mean its inner homogeneity. The world is perceived as an internally diverse reality.

10

Społeczeństwo obywatelskie a moralność

80%

Gałkowski J. W., Kanafa Ł.

Annales. Etyka w Życiu Gospodarczym

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2010

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vol. 13

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issue 1

EN

Civil society was defined in various ways. Among others, J. Locke, G.W.F. Hegel and A. de Tockeville presented the most relevant characteristic of what civil society is or could be. For the purpose of the paper we distinct civil society and the state. To the first one we assign spontaneity and diversity, the second we treat as procedural and homogeneous. In the paper we will stand for the thesis: civil society is the nest of virtues and as such characterized plays one of the most prominent parts in contemporary social and political reality. The problem is not that presently civil society does not exist. The problem is that once it was established within the state, it has been developed in such a way that it became a hybrid combined from the state and what could be called apolitical human activity. The core of the problem is that the hybrid is more political than apolitical. To the essence of civil society belong: existence of free associations of any kind, economy free from political coerce as much as it could be and public sphere of opinion, all organized in such a political way that the political power is limited by division of it to three independent institutions: a legislature, an executive and a judiciary and also by the law. A ground for apolitical human social activities was prepared by J. Locke in his political theory. The state is one of possible emanations of apolitical society in the state of nature. Montesquieu expanded such a vision of society that it exists within the state but the state itself is limited by division of political power and civil rights which allow the members of the society to protect their freedom and dignity. Moral civil society we are developing protect the citizens from overwhelming influence of the state and particular egoisms of individuals. As such it promotes moral activity, it brings trust to the public sphere and it protects human dignity.

11

Samorząd zawodowy – sojusznik czy wróg społeczeństwa obywatelskiego?

80%

Rotengruber P.

Annales. Etyka w Życiu Gospodarczym

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2018

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vol. 21

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issue 2

43-54

EN

The Constitution of The Republic of Poland (Article 17) says that: “By means of a statute, self‑governments may be created within a profession in which the public repose confidence, and such self‑governments shall concern themselves with the proper practice of such professions in accordance with, and for the purpose of protecting, the public interest”. This regulation is based on two principles: The first is the principle of professionalism; the second embraces norms that must be observed by representatives of professions of public trust. Those groups can make the decisions of their members or profits for themselves. This puts them in a different position than other participants of social and economic life. Professional associations are not driven by market rules, nor administrative regulations (relating to the postulate of the division of labor). The problem begins when – from a social point of view – it is no longer possible to regard these organizations as trustworthy partners. The gap between legal and social perspectives raises doubts about the way in which a civil society could face professional self‑governments when they are seen as being hostile to them.

PL

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12

Civil society structures in Ukraine: formation and development in the latter half of 16th to 19th centuries

80%

Panfiłova T.

Studia Europaea Gnesnensia

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2016

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issue 13

323-341

EN

Based on the sources and critical consideration of historiography of the problem, the author defines regularities and specific features of the formation of structures of Ukrainian civil society, as a factor which bolstered Ukrainian national idea.

13

Prawne i praktyczne aspekty wolontariatu w działalności polskich partii politycznych

80%

Bejma A.

Kultura i Edukacja

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2014

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issue 1(101)

169-191

EN

Voluntary activity is a form of civic activity, which is an essential part of modern, wellfunctioning democracy, both at the local and national levels. Popular ideas identify volunteering with work in community centers, rehabilitation centers for the disabled, hospices, nursing homes for the elderly, orphanages, and homes for single mothers. Meanwhile, as it was confirmed by the study of the Klon/Jawor and CBOS, voluntary activity is not just purely social and supportive one. Volunteers, as is the case in other countries, support with their work organizations of political nature – movements, committees, and political groups. The use of their support intensifies especially during election campaigns, when volunteers perform different tasks: gather signatures on lists of candidates in the election, organize rallies and campaign trails, lead wide campaigning – handing out leaflets and urging to vote for particular candidates or political parties, prepare handouts, and update web pages, blogs and profiles in social networks. This voluntary, and – what needs to be especially emphasized – also conscious involvement in political activity, is a manifestation of a particular group of civic participation in its political dimension.

14

Local Initiatives Functioning as a Condition of Rural Development of the Czech Countryside

80%

Majerová V.

Eastern European Countryside

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2009

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vol. 15

127-149

EN

Rural development is closely connected with the development possibilities of residential locations. Broken social ties are projected into its earlier development. The socialist way of life (from the end of the WW II until the end of the eighties) was ideologically formed by collectivist models. Social organisations were highly formalised and controlled from above. Thousands of new social organisations have emerged in the villages and in towns since 1989, mostly involving cultural, sports and social activities. Civil initiatives were slow in winning recognition in rural areas and some types of initiatives are still missing. A new impulse for their progress was the accession of the Czech Republic into the EU in 2004. Information is drawn from the sociological research projects of the Sociological Laboratory, Czech University of Life Sciences.

15

The Legislative Regulation of Ensuring the Right to Peaceful Assemblies

80%

Kobrusieva Y.

Krakowskie Studia Małopolskie

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2020

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vol. 4(28)

7-16

EN

The scientific article is devoted to the study of the content of the legal provision of the constitutional right to peaceful assemblies in Ukraine as a means of ensuring the observance of citizens’ rights. Types of liability for violation of the order of organization and holding of meetings and rallies are considered. The study emphasizes the importance of enforcement of court decisions that have entered into force. The changes taking place in Ukrainian society arouse high activity and the desire of people to take a direct part in solving problems that concern their common interests, including the use of the right to peaceful assembly. However, despite the importance of this type of political rights, the constitutional provisions on freedom of assembly, assembly, street demonstrations and demonstrations, which are still not properly specified in the current legislation, are often limited or even violated. Based on the international experience of regulating the right to peaceful assembly, ways to increase the effectiveness of the mechanism of administrative and legal support of the right to peaceful assembly are proposed, which are to create a domestic mechanism to monitor compliance with international standards of human rights and freedoms. human being, if this or that problem is not solved at the national level. It is proved that even a rather small range of current norms enshrined in legislative acts of various levels, which guarantee the right to peaceful assembly, often show some inconsistency in the content of the outlined rights, especially from the standpoint of the right to freedom of peaceful assembly. the subject is called a citizen, and civil law - an individual. The necessity of introduction of international standards of ensuring the right to peaceful assembly, first of all the standards of the European community, which is connected with the European integration aspirations of Ukraine, is proved. After all, the implementation of European standards and their observance by the subjects of public administration is one of the preconditions for Ukraine’s integration into the European legal space. Since the right to freedom of peaceful assembly cannot be exercised in the absence of corresponding responsibilities imposed on the state by its authorized bodies, the analysis of the Constitution and laws of Ukraine allowed to separate such bodies into the category of subjects of power to ensure the right to peaceful assembly. In order to improve the situation in the studied area, it is advisable to review the current legislation, which ensures the implementation of court decisions, to continue reforming public authorities for the effective operation of the judiciary and the protection of citizens’ rights.

16

Dziedzictwo kulturowe Wielkopolski

80%

Molik W.

Przegląd Zachodni

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2016

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issue 2(359)

7-22

EN

The author discusses three selected elements of the cultural heritage of Greater Poland which can and should help the society of this region to cope with the challenges of the 21st century. He shows the role of Greater Poland in the cultural transfer from West European countries over a millennium of Polish history, from the reception of Christianity in the year 966 up to the 20th century. The second element of the cultural heritage of Greater Poland consists in the traditions of a civil society. In the 19th and the first half of the 20th century in this area a more modern society was shaped compared to other parts of Poland, a society aware of its goals and the advantages that follow from collective action. The opportunity to enhance the habit and skills of continued activity based on a thorough analysis of social needs and implementation of rational measures to deal with them gave rise in the 1830s to a gradually developed system of Polish economic, social, educational and other organizations which were only dismantled by the communist authorities in the first years after the Second World War. The third of the selected elements of the cultural heritage of Greater Poland described by the author is the contribution made to the region’s economic, social and cultural development by German settlers arriving in waves since the 13th century, as well as Jews, the Czech Brothers and other refugees from Bohemia and Moravia who arrived in large numbers in the second half of the 16th century.

17

Civil society in Slovakia: current state and challenges

80%

Murray Svidroňová M.

Problemy Polityki Społecznej. Studia i Dyskusje

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2020

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vol. 50

43-60

EN

This paper presents the state of civil society in Slovakia based on the analysis for the fourth comparative report of the European Union-Russia Civil Society Forum. Using standard research methods (desk research, structured interviews and focus group), the paper provides a brief civil society overview on history, statistics and funding. Further, it analyses legal and political conditions for civil society organisations facing the problems of the growth of far right populism. The interviews were conducted with the representatives of fifteen Slovak civil society organisations of various sizes (from local to national) and from various fields of activity (education, social services and inclusion, cultures, human rights, environment protection, social entrepreneurship, employment, social housing, healthcare). To verify results and findings from the interviews and formulate additional conclusions, a focus group with was seven experts was organised. Using these methods, the paper identifies the biggest challenges and possible solutions underpinning the current situation of civil society in Slovakia.

18

Przeciwdziałanie korupcji – ujęcie wielopłaszczyznowe

80%

Turska-Kawa A.

Political Preferences

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2017

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issue 17

109-118

EN

The article presents the analysis of different factors which are or may be the source of corrupt behaviors among the citizens. The analysis refers to the field of formal actions taken by the services whose goal is to protect broadly understood security of the residents. Psychological sources are then presented, emphasizing the corruption-generating role of the low level of trust and individual competition orientation. The social factors are first of all the mechanism of social comparisons, which can activate the consent to corruption or justify the person's unethical behaviors. Educational factors are also discussed, with consideration of the fact that school is the institution which should properly shape young people's attitudes, making them sensitive to unethical behaviors and providing them with competencies and knowledge connected with the ability to behave in difficult situations. These areas, though apparently distinct, are integral parts of the system and they mutually stimulate or inhibit each other.

19

Społeczeństwo nadzorowane — zarys problemu

80%

Grabowiec P., Piechota B.

Rocznik Europeistyczny

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2015

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issue 1

49-69

EN

The purpose of this article is to specify the complex social phenomenon, defined as surveillance society. Its strong manifestation within society should be considered a threat to the civil liberty; in a broad sense it is a threat to participatory democracy and civil society. These are the reasons that convinced the author to attempt a reconstruction of the causes of this phenomenon and analysis of its conditions. In a certain sense, reflections presented in this article are of a warning character. In modern Europe the issue of surveillance society can be considered a recent problem. However, it is not only Europe, but the whole globalized world that is facing major challenges which are brought with technology that allows for taking away people’s privacy, freedom, property and right to defence against “floating surveillance.” Resolving this issue is a challenge of the future, but nonetheless, to save individuals from the omnipotence of authority — political, legal and institutional solutions should be searched for now.

20

“Why do I have to trust you?” The perspective from civil society on active citizenship in post–communist Albania

80%

Dhembo E., Duci V., Ajdini J.

Croatian International Relations Review

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2015

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vol. 21

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issue 73

131-154

EN

Civil society (CS) is the main medium in which active citizenship can flourish and have an impact on good governance and democracy. The communist past has played a major role in CS underdevelopment across Eastern European countries but research primarily targeting the elites has explained little of how citizenry has developed and mapped little of the cross-country variation. This paper attempts to increase understanding, looking at the case of Albania, where low levels of active citizenships are documented1, as the main indicator of this underdevelopment. Data from in-depth interviews with key informants explain that it results from a combination of historical factors with current determinants such as the low perceived level of impact, the transparency of CS actors and the political influence believed to often dictate their agendas. These and additional explorations of gender and age differences lead to suggested new strategies to boost active citizenship in the country.

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