The paper contains some arguments against the article ”Philosophical Assumptions of Science. Cultural and Historical Perspective” of Magdalena Górna. The author argues that the formal methodology is – contrary to what Górna says in her paper – neither ”traditional” nor ”dogmatic”, and formulates some suggestions on his own view on the problem of the relations between science and philosophy.
This paper reports on a study undertaken to investigate international perspectives of what constitutes research in education for sustainable development (ESD). By employing inductive thematic content analysis, the authors sought to examine the perceptions of 66 ESD researchers from 19 countries. The findings reveal a concern with the methodological aspects of research and an emergent need for synergy between the methodology of educational research and specific themes relevant to ESD research. The significant overlap of themes and aspects of ESD research apparent across the different contexts within which the researchers were embedded indicates a unified core of ESD research, although there is also evidence of contextual factors influencing the research agenda. Based on the findings of this study, the paper concludes that there is an overlap between educational research and ESD research, but that the latter has its own specific aims, themes and political supporters. In an endeavour to develop a shared understanding about ESD research across disciplines and research context, a common language has to be developed to facilitate a constructive dialogue and research capacity building in this novel field.
Subsequent to the 1989 revolution, the scope of historical research expanded such that researchers’ focus was transferred to topics which had been of peripheral concern in previous decades because they were ideologically unsuitable. A natural departure from the preferred history of the workers movement towards research of social elites took place, a trend that was marked in Czech historiography for at least two decades. The study of modern businesses and entrepreneurship was no different, with a consistent rise seen in the study of this field of research from the early 1990s. As in many other fields of historical investigation, domestic research had to confront the thorough methodology and rich ideas of modern business history, which has been a fully established research field for many decades. Looking back retrospectively, despite all its limits, research in this historiographical segment had many years of tradition and current research builds on this tradition. There are now an almost inexhaustible number of studies on various issues related to the development of industrial production in the Czech lands during the industrialisation period. Over the past few decades, it has mainly been studied on individual entrepreneurs or entrepreneurial families which have been published on the history of entrepreneurs. There are significantly fewer papers on entrepreneurial groups defined by sector or region, and we have only vague notions of entrepreneurship as a social group.
The paper presents an outline of the reception of Popper's thought in Poland in the period between two World Wars. The most important paper in this period is doubtlessly the one published by Zygmunt Spira entitled 'Remarks on Popper's methodology and epistemology'. Spira was a student of Z. Zawirski. He lived and worked in Cracow, and was killed during the Nazi occupation. His paper is by now forgotten. We critically present his main ideas, showing his innovatory style of thinking.
The article contributes to the discussion on the interpretation of processes taking place in the contemporary Polish language from two perspectives: diachronic and synchronic (ahistorical, to be precise). The author draws attention to the problem of not accounting for the achievements of diachronic linguistics, which is visible in the studies devoted to the analysis of the language used by the contemporary Poles. This leads to a situation in which the same research questions are not infrequently examined and interpreted in completely different ways in synchronic studies and those dealing with the history of language. Sometimes the differences are so vast that coherent scientific discourse becomes disabled. Enriching the investigation of the processes occurring in the contemporary Polish language with conclusions drawn from analysing historical sources is thus an important claim. Considering the diachronic perspective could be particularly beneficial for discussing the issue of the norm. Since a number of problems with language correctness result from tendencies and processes which have been happening in language for centuries, only becoming acutely aware of them can bring a change in understanding codification and the linguistic norm.
The article attempts to reconstruct the approach of practicing the philosophy of nature by Franciszek Gabryl (1866-1914). The Cracow philosopher undertook the problem of the method of natural philosophy, and his metaphilosophical proposals – though embedded in the context of neothomism tradition – can be perceived as an attempt to modernize classical christian philosophy. The article attempted to determine what was his approach to the issue of the method of nature philosophy (i.a. the problem concerning the relationship between philosophy of nature and natural sciences).
“That in the age of numbers, numbers only can be turned to for supporting one’s propositions” – once more on the Polish studies of economic history (Summary)The authors, in referring to the paper written by Rafał Matera and published in this issue, argue that good studies from the field of economic history should 1) offer analyses informed by a social and economic theory; 2) make use of comparative methods, including as an advisable option the quantification of a series of data; 3) create or rely on specialized databases. Through the analysis of a number of works, the authors show that present-day Polish economic historians often fail to meet the requirements outlined above, thus making Polish historiography lag increasingly behind the historiography of other countries.
Giovanni Sartori, one of the greatest world’s political scientist, was also very interesting in methodology of political science. In his opinion methodology is more the method of logos, of thinking than specific research techniques. He wrote: There is no methodology without logos, without thinking about thinking. Sartori strongly expressed regret that the today’s mainstream of political science is mainly quantitative and statistical, not qualitative. According to his standpoint political scientists should be strongly interested in the question “What is?”, before asking “How much?”. Sartori is admirer of the qualitative approach to methodology. This approach is based on logically defined concepts and the careful and precise use of language, because bad language generates bad thinking.
Ask: Research and Methods is an open access, peer-reviewed academic journal devoted to the methodology of social science research. ASK was first published in 1995 by the Institute of Philosophy and Sociology of the Polish Academy of Sciences. Before 2008, ASK followed the tradition of other Polish language scientific journals by publishing short English language summaries of the articles. These summaries, available in the back issues of ASK, cover only a small portion of what the article is about. To provide more information about advances in Polish methodology as published in ASK from the early stages of the post-Communist era to the mid-2000s, we decided to translate the abstracts themselves. Funded by a grant from the Ministry of Science and Higher Education, we translated into English all abstracts published in ASK from 1995 to 2007.
Since 1989 modern western methodological approaches, including historical anthropology, have been adopted in Czech academic circles, both spontaneously (among historians) and in institutionalised from (the case of ethnology). Very often, however, historical anthropology has been taken up only as an external label that has not meant any real change in research methods. This has simply encouraged the replication ofthe formal and informal ties and institutions inside the academic community that originated in the period of “normalisation” and that undermine the possibility of the real transformation of our academic environment. The author therefore attempts to distinguish in terms of both theory and method between two types of“historical anthropology”: chronologically the first type has been closer to historical sociology (and directed in its way to the history of mentalities), while the second drew inspiration from social anthropology and led towards micro-history. In the Czech environment the ethnologists are closer to the first and the historians to the second, but often without either group being aware of the fundamental difference between the two types.
This article offers a framework for understanding and refl ecting upon the various ways that urban scholars have worked with visual representations of city spaces. It suggests that there are three main approaches: representing the urban, evoking the urban and performing the urban. The paper discusses the methodological implications of each of these.
Researchers striving at establishing the academic status of a science need, inter alia, to delin-eate the boundaries of their area of interest, point to its object(s) of research, outline the methodology and determine its language. This process equally applies to (meta)lexicography and (meta)terminogra-phy, which are yet to prove their scientific standing. This paper attempts to pinpoint the methodological features of metaterminography and suggest a framework for a systematic study of terminographic works. The point of departure for the detailed discussions undertaken in this article are the general principles of the methodology of sciences. The work also points to the fundamental methods used in metalexicography and metaterminography and focuses on the methodological description of one of the methods used in systematic dictionary research, i.e. the terminographic analysis.
Certains principes méthodologiques du Problème „Jésus der Geschichte und Christus des Glaubens” constituent le thème principal de cette étude. Après quelques remarques d’introduction sur l’évangiles comme source unique de tout ce que nous pouvons savoir de Jésus, apres avoir discemé trois périodes dans le temps de 1’activité terrestre de Jésus enseignant par ses paroles et par ses actes, on constate plusieures deformations ainsi des paroles que des actes du Christ Sauveur. On dresse, en fin, une liste des regles qui peuvent aider à degarer les ipsissima verba et les ureigene Taten du Signeur.
The article focuses on the methodological specifics of qualitative sociological studies commissioned by public administration authorities (“the client”) which aim to provide solutions to specific problems defined by the client. In conducting this kind of study, the researcher is expected not only to describe and understand the existing state of affairs but also to provide a set of recommendations for amending it. The research terrain is not defined by the sociologist herself but basically by the client. This situation reveals a series of methodological and epistemological issues. The article discusses some of them and proposes that the research strategy of heuristic investigation may be an answer to the associated dilemmas. The author argues that the correct use of reflexive methodology can help the researcher to overcome the limits imposed on the research by the client’s presence and even make the apparent disadvantages work for her.
The expectations of organisations implementating HR outsourcing can differ significantly. Assumptions about the expected results of cooperation with a service provider substantially affect the assessment of the cooperation scheme. Depending on the importance of HR outsourcing in the strategy, assessment may be focused on the results achieved immediately after cooperation, but also in a longer strategic perspective. The purpose of this article is to present a methodology for evaluating cooperation in HR outsourcing. It considers the characteristics of the research area (cooperation with a specialised service provider), a course of conduct, examples of criteria and characteristics of selected tools that can be used in this field, including recommendations for their implementation.
The human being started as a self-educated person, this way managing to improve his living. For his descendants to avoid failures, he started to share his ancestors’ experience. When some people’s knowledge acquirement became big, they were called the sages, and among of them became eventually teachers, that took the role of transmitting the useful information related to life environmental conditions they lived. In time, their needs became more and more complex and their knowledge deeper. In the act of teaching itself, teachers create a shortcut between necessity and solving it, going beyond failures. Obviously, the present society is technologized, where the human being uses technology but he also searches for himself. This quest should be naturally performed with the help of the educator, of the experienced student, so that he could shape the young man and make him feel good with himself and find his place within society. The current education system describes to younger people nothing more than the evolution of science, technique and art, starting with the first trials till our days. What is really mandatory for us is to find a way where the educational system could become again a necessity for a person and not a way to keep very many people busy, while they can be intellectually and psycho-emotionally shaped.
Autor tego artykułu zwraca uwagę na problemy dotyczące współczesnych kazań pojawiające się w związku z metodami stosowanymi przez pastorów w celu ich przygotowania, a także będące wynikiem współpracy pomiędzy domem pogrzebowym a pastorem. Niewłaściwe metody wpływają niekorzystnie na proces powstawania kazania pogrzebowego, natomiast współpraca domu pogrzebowego z pastorem może negatywnie wpłynąć na postrzeganie pastora i jego znaczenie dla żałobników. Autor spodziewa się, że studia interdyscyplinarne, a zwłaszcza wnioski płynące z badań psychologicznych nad żałobą mogą pomóc w procesie konstruowania takich kazań pogrzebowych, które w odpowiedni sposób odniosą się do sytuacji. Pastorzy winni brać pod uwagę wiedzę psychologiczną, lecz ich narzędzia powinny pochodzić z umiejętnego zastosowania teologii i wiary w Boga.
The acceptation of the personality of the student means for us to ensure that all have an equal chance to develop. Since each student is different, it means Cited that these opportunities can not be realized by the fact that for all students the same conditions are managed in the learning process. Equal- ity of opportunity is the choice, as its own development needs can be satisfied in an individual way. In practice, this means the conversion of the frontal out information that is accompanied with the inactive receipt of the information, to inform, to prevail in various methods and types of work, thus the student works them- selves creatively - he makes his knowledge and in the social interactions to design his settings, emotional, moral, and will qualities and communication skills.
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