Search results - CEJSH

1

Stages of development of cartography as a science

100%

Ostrowski W.

Miscellanea Geographica. Regional Studies on Development

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2008

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vol. 13

267-276

EN

Three essential periods may be singled out in the development of cartography as a science: 1. From the beginning of the last century to the mid-sixties is the period of development of cartography as a distinct science. 2. The period dating from the mid-sixties till the eighties is the golden age of development of theoretical cartography with special amplification of discussions on the subject of the theoretical fundamentals of cartography. At the end of the former period and at the beginning of the latter, cartography finally distinguished itself as an independent science. In 1959, the International Cartographic Association was founded. In 1961, the International Yearbook of Cartography was published for the first time and beginning in 1969, Polski Przegląd Kartograficzny (the Polish Cartographic Review). A year earlier, Komisja Kartograficzna Polskiego Towarzystwa Geograficznego (the Cartographic Commission of the Polish Geographical Society) was established. 3. Since the mid-eighties, and even somewhat earlier, use of new IT technologies, especially interest in the map as an element of geographic information systems, has become the dominating trend in cartography.

2

Historia noworocznej “Szopki prehistorycznej” z 1944 roku

80%

Reinfuss-Janusz K.

Materiały Archeologiczne

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2013

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vol. 39

211-221

3

Merited, (Un)Appreciated, (Un)Remembered: Women in Educational and Social Policy Sciences as a Scholarly Discipline in Poland, 1900–39

80%

Bołdyrew A.

Acta Poloniae Historica

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2018

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vol. 117

PL

The first four decades of the twentieth century saw an intense development in the Polish lands of educational sciences and social policy sciences. A role of importance in the development of the underlying theory for these scientific domains and in the pursuit of pioneering empirical studies fell to a group of women who combined their intellectual interests and scientific research with activities in the fields of education and social work. This article seeks to outline their scholarly achievements (until 1939) and point to the specificity of their effort: none of them pursued a ‘classical’ academic career comprehended in terms of getting employed and promoted by a university. Their formative experience consisted in studying abroad and obtaining their doctoral degrees there. Migrations and membership in (or contribution to) international scientific organisations enabled them to deepen their knowledge and present their theories in the international forum whilst also making them acquainted with the academic models functioning in West European countries in the context of female participation. The personal histories of Polish female scholars researching into education and social history show the ‘typical’ experience of reluctance and arbitrariness of the academic circles, male-dominated as they were at that time when gender weighed high on career-seeking in science. This implied search for strategies and areas of activity which enabled to participate in the world of science. Pursuance of research, in selected areas, and publication of scholarly texts was enabled through the cooperation with organisations which welcomed female experts such as those employed (for example) with ministries; the Polish Society for Social Policy was one such organisation. In spite of multiple hindrances and restrictions, those female scholars who got employed on a full-time basis with academies which were ‘alternative’ to the traditional universities – the Institute of Special Pedagogy, the State Institute of Teachers, and primarily, the Free Polish University – enjoyed the most favourable conditions of work.

4

Badania nad historią filozofii przyrody i historią nauki

80%

Mączka J., Skoczny W., Koleżyński A., Polak P., Karolczak M., Sieńko D., Dziekan M.

Zagadnienia Filozoficzne w Nauce

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2012

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issue 50

10-40

PL

This is a review of research conducted by the Center for Interdisciplinary Studies and the Copernicus Center for Interdisciplinary Studies in the field of the history of philosophy of nature and the history of philosophy of science in Poland in the inter-war period. In spite of the domination of positivistic philosophy that tended to ignore philosophy of nature, this kind of philosophizing was quite popular in Poland. The review begins with a summary of works related to the history of science, and then deals, in some detail, with works on the theory of evolution and the theory of relativity, especially with their philosophical aspects. The remaining part of the review is devoted to the principal personalities of that period, namely: Władysław Heinrich, Władysław Natanson, Tadeusz Grabowski, Marian Smoluchowski, Zygmunt Zawirski and Joachim Metallmann.

5

Conservative and progressive components in science

80%

Lubański M.

Studia Philosophiae Christianae

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2020

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vol. 56

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issue S2

7-20

EN

The development of science, proceeding at a higher and higher speed, leads to the creation of new concepts, theories, and ideas. They constitute a progressive component of science. However, scientific development does not mean that everything that was accepted earlier has to be given up. New elements may be acquired and exist together with the old ones. Such old elements constitute a conservative component of science. That is why modern science shows itself as a wholeness constituted by the above-mentioned components.

6

Zkoumání ruské exilové filosofie v meziválečném Československu : kritické vymezení diskursu

80%

Nykl H.

Slovanský přehled: historická revue pro dějiny střední, východní a jihovýchodní Evropy (Slavonic Review: Review for Central, Eastern and Southeastern European history)

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2019

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vol. 105

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issue 3

419-433

EN

In relation to Russian aid action provided to the Czechoslovak government there was also a large number of philosophers active in our country among the Russian scientists in exile. Several summarising papers were published on this topic, which endeavour to define the research field of Russian exile philosophy in the Czechoslovak Republic. A great number of figures from Russian life in exile were previously classified as philosophers. This paper critically evaluates their links to philosophy and determines the criteria according to which individual figures are or are not considered Russian philosophers in the author’s opinion. He comes to the conclusion that only approximately a third of the mentioned figures can be considered philosophers, while most of them are classified in other fields of human activities. The activities of some are linked to philosophy, while others can be considered interested in philosophy. Regardless of this critical reduction, the number of Russian philosophers in inter-war Czechoslovakia remains substantial, however, it is not possible to identify any common movement that originated within the terms of this discourse in our country.

7

The alchemy of human variation: Race, ethnicity and Manoiloff's blood reaction

80%

Naidoo N., Štrkalj G., Daly T.

Anthropological Review

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2007

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vol. 70

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issue 1

37-43

EN

This paper examines the research on race determination conducted by Russian biochemist E.O. Manoiloff in the 1920s. Manoiloff claimed to have discovered a method which detected racial identity of an individual by a simple chemical reaction performed on a subject's blood sample. The method was published in one of the leading anthropological journals and it was not questioned for some time. It is obvious today that Manoiloff's claims were nothing short of ridiculous. The present study, based on the experimental history of sciences, tries to elucidate Manoiloff's procedures and reasons for his ‘success’. His experiments were repeated using both original and modern equipment. It has been demonstrated that Manoiloff's procedures, although rigorous at first glance, were highly arbitrary and methodologically flawed. It would appear that the socio-political and scientific contexts of the early twentieth century which favoured belief in the existence of clearly distinguishable racial types played a crucial role in the initial positive response to Manoiloff's research.

PL

Artykuł omawia metodę badań przynależności rasowej ludzi, jakie prowadził w latach 20. ubiegłego wieku rosyjski biochemik E.O. Manoiloff. Badacz ten twierdził, że odkrył sposób określania "rasy" osobnika przy użyciu prostych reakcji chemicznych wykonanych w próbce jego krwi. Z dzisiejszej perspektywy pomysł Manoiloffa wydaje się po prostu śmieszny, jednak na początku XX w. sprawę tę traktowano całkiem poważnie. Metoda, o której mowa, została opublikowana wAmerican Journal of Physical Anhropology, jednym z najważniejszych amerykańskich czasopism antropologicznych i przez długi czas pozostawała niezakwestionowana.W przedstawianym artykule autorzy omawiają historię "odkrycia" Manoiloffa i późniejszej jego falsyfikacji z wykorzystaniem nowoczesnej aparatury i metod. Badania Manoiloffa są charakterystycznym przykładem słabości rozwijanej w początkach XX w nauki o rasach, kiedy to, ze względu na stan wiedzy przyrodniczej i warunki socjo-polityczne, nawet tak absurdalne wyniki spotkały się początkowo z pozytywną reakcją środowiska naukowego.

8

„Mittedrin statt nur dabei”? Niemieckie badania nad historią płci w nauce. Rekonesans

80%

Dadej I.

Rocznik Antropologii Historii

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2014

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issue 2(7), Historia i płeć

181–197

XX

The article discusses the genesis and development of historical studies on the cultural identity of gender in Germany in the last four decades. The history of the influence of women’s movement on the development of historical studies on women and cultural gender (historische Frauen- und Geschlechterforschung) is illustrated by studies on the history of science and the process of the mutual intermingling of paradigms of feminist criticism, historical analysis of processes of creating/producing knowledge, academic structures, and the category of gender in the history of science and education. The analysis mainly covers the most important studies and monographs written in the last thirty years.

9

Powstanie i dzieje zbiorów archeologicznych i Muzeum Archeologicznego AU i PAU

80%

Skrzyński T.

Materiały Archeologiczne

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2010

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vol. 38

205-218

EN

To properly present the fate of the collection and the Museum one should go back to the times of the Krakow Scientific Society within which the Museum of State Antiquities was established in 1850. Altogether during the period when the Society existed, the Museum acquired several thousand coins, medals, commemorative objects and archaeological artefacts from all annexed territories. After World War II ended, the Museum operated in the area of southern Poland. The majority of incoming artefacts came from excavations conducted on behalf of the Museum. Among donations were e.g. numerous artefacts from Egypt.

10

Życie i dzieło Galileusza

80%

Sierotowicz T.

Zagadnienia Filozoficzne w Nauce

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2012

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issue 50

85-90

PL

The author presents the main results of his long-term studies on the life and the work of Galileo Galilei within the group of OBI. He mentions his most important publications from this area and points to some problems that are worth elaborating upon in the future.

11

Krótka historia Principiów Newtona

80%

Pabjan T.

Zagadnienia Filozoficzne w Nauce

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2012

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issue 50

102-117

PL

The Polish translation of the most famous treatise of Newton has just been published, which is a good opportunity to recall some of the episodes related to the origin of Principia. In the first part of this three piece paper, the historical context is presented, in which unsolved scientific problems – specially those of planetary motions – were discussed before Newton; in the second part, the circumstances of the process of the writing of the Principia are outlined; in the third part, some facts are recalled which show that not all scientists and philosophers at once recognized the value and the importance of Newton’s treatise. Finally, some remarks on the Polish edition are made.

12

Nauka a religia. Historiografia problemu. Ewolucja poglądów na temat historycznych związków religii i nauki

80%

Kwaśniewski J.

Zagadnienia Filozoficzne w Nauce

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2011

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issue 49

149-187

PL

The article shows the evolution of historians’ and sociologists’ views in 1874-2010 period how the historical relations between science and religion should be presented. The key theories have been discussed which are the milestones in this evolution: from 19th century Draper’s and White’s works which formed the so called conflict thesis to the present complexity thesis, which recognizes the religion as significant co-originator of modern science.

13

Rozprawa o przypływach i odpływach morza Galileusza

80%

Sierotowicz T.

Zagadnienia Filozoficzne w Nauce

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2014

|

issue 55

129-132

PL

The introduction to the first polish translation of Galileo’s letter on tides written in the begining of the year 1616 to cardinal Alessandro Orsini. The text of translation is organized in a new way, and integrated with the index of matters.

14

Rozprawa o przypływach i odpływach morza

80%

Galilei G.

Zagadnienia Filozoficzne w Nauce

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2014

|

issue 55

133-165

PL

The paper presents the first polish translation (by Tadeusz Sierotowicz) of Galileo’s letter on tides written in the begining of the year 1616 to cardinal Alessandro Orsini. The text of translation is organized in a new way, and integrated with the index of matters.

15

Kosmologia wczoraj i dziś - przeżywanie kawałka historii

80%

Heller M.

Zagadnienia Filozoficzne w Nauce

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2010

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issue 46

92-99

PL

Short recollections of an author who with his own eyes witnessed the development of cosmology from purely theoretical speculations to the mature experimental science.

16

Nieznana geneza spektroskopu

80%

Rodzeń J.

Zagadnienia Filozoficzne w Nauce

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2010

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issue 46

72-91

PL

The paper raises the question of why historians of science were never seriously interested in the genesis of optical spectroscope despite the fact that it had played so crucial and decisive role in the development of modern science. It is also noted that even in reputable scientific publications it is persistently claimed that the inventors of the spectroscope are two German scholars: G. Kirchhoff and R. Bunsen. In what follows the history of their groundbreaking research is briefly outlined. This led to consolidation of a new scientific method - spectrochemical analysis, but not to invention of the spectroscope itself. In the last part of the paper a story of five historical types of spectroscopic apparatus has been outlined. All these instruments were invented evidently earlier, i.e. before Kirchhoff and Bunsen started in 1859 their joint work. The paper ends with a philosophical 'moral', which is expressed as a statement that so many issues can be interesting for the philosopher of science when studying the history of just one scientific instrument, especially when this instrument has accelerated (perhaps even determined) the line of development and research of three different scientific disciplines, that is of physics, astronomy and chemistry.

17

Joachima Metallmanna zarys koncepcji filozofii przyrody

80%

Heller M., Mączka J.

Zagadnienia Filozoficzne w Nauce

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2010

|

issue 46

141-161

PL

We analyse a manuscript, preserved in the Archives of the Polish Academy of Science and the Polish Academy of Science and Art in Cracow, containing Joachim Metallmann’s notes aimed at composing a project of a textbook or a series of lectures concerning philosophy of nature. He understood philosophy of nature as a sort of ontology and epistemology of nature whose starting point should be provided by the natural sciences.

18

Sto ročníků Českého lidu v osobách a poselstvích vedoucích redaktorů

80%

Woitsch J.

Český lid: etnologický časopis (Český lid: Ethnological journal)

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2013

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vol. 100

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issue 1

63-98

EN

The text introduces the milestones in the history of the journal Český lid through an annotated edition of selected editorials that are presented together with brief characteristics of their authors, who in them formulated their visions of further functioning of the journal. The editorials tellingly reflect the epoch of which they were born, including the ruling ideologies, and at the same time the wishes and aspirations of the editors, often leading personalities of Czech science and culture.

19

Włodzimierz Demetrykiewicz (1859-1937): pierwszy prehistoryk z Krakowa

80%

Woźny M.

Materiały Archeologiczne

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2010

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vol. 38

175-192

EN

At the turn of the 19th and 20th century, modern archaeology was created in the partitioned lands of Poland. One of its creators was Włodzimierz Demetrykiewicz who worked in Kraków. Initially he was involved in conservation activity and took up archaeology at a later period. In the times when the legal framework concerning monument protection was merely being shaped in Europe, he was one of the first scientists to devote a scientific work to the issue. He was also involved in organization of the preservation of archaeological monuments. He conducted archaeological excavation and was the author of numerous publications on the issue of prehistory. He was a pioneer in addressing numerous issues, used modern research methods and was acquainted with European collections and professional literature. For many years he was the curator of the Archeological Museum in Kraków.

20

Badania bazyliki i mol w Marei w Egipcie

80%

Babraj K., Szymańska H.

Materiały Archeologiczne

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2013

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vol. 39

169-194

EN

During the two-month excavation season, the space of the south pastophorium of the basilica was examined. Excavations in the north part of utility rooms were related to the previous season, and focused mainly on searching for the proper entrance to the “cellar” located below those rooms (# 30, # 33, # 34, # 35), where the deposit of jugs discovered in 2009 (124 items), coins, glass and terracotta were found. Because of annually increasing considerable deterioration of the piers, caused mainly by weather conditions and environment pollution, during the discussed season we made the effort of inventorying the above mentioned structures. In Marea, which used to be a lake port, there are four piers which may have been used for loading and unloading cargo ships and river boats of shallow draught, as well as taking and serving the incoming passengers.

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