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1

The concept of delinquency in Mesoamerica: focus on the Aztecs and the Maya

100%

Deptała N.

Studia Iuridica

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2023

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vol. 96

99-115

EN

This paper focuses on the concept of delinquency in addition to prevention and suppression methods and the idea of guilt in pre-Columbian Mesoamerica, while treating its inhabitants as highly-developed indigenous peoples. The first section of the study examines the ideas of law and justice in terms of the particular policies that shape people’s way of life in every society. The premise for addressing law in this manner is that one can only comprehend it via ongoing experience. The main focus of this paper is placed on the earlier timeline, when two crucial civilisations existed in Mesoamerica. Both the Maya and the Aztecs built vast, densely inhabited, and extremely efficient empires. However, even a large human society cannot function without order and there is no order without law. Committing a crime or a tort is incompatible with the desirable values and norms that govern the society and causes harm and hazard. Taking into consideration also the detrimental consequences of a forbidden act, the psychological determination of the delinquent and his or her personal attitude towards the act, the concepts of guilt and shame cultures should be brought to attention. From a historical point of view, a delinquent’s feeling of guilt was given consideration during criminal trials in Europe as early as in the Middle Ages, while in Mesoamerica this concept had already existed. Furthermore, some of pre-Columbian Mesoamericans distinguished between intentional and accidental acts, which had an impact of final judgments.

2

Mayské kříže, hory a jeskyně ve světle ontologického relativismu a fenomenologické antropologie

86%

Kapusta J.

Český lid: etnologický časopis (Český lid: Ethnological journal)

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2015

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vol. 102

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issue 4

437-463

EN

The so-called ontological turn, drawing largely on Viveiros de Castro´s notion of Amazonian perspectivism, has attracted considerable attention in contemporary anthropology. The proponents of ontological relativism were indeed submitted to strong criticism focusing, among other things, on the questions of obscurity, solipsism or meta-ontology. In the theoretical section of the study, I present selected themes of this approach, its merits, but also its difficulties that I try to overcome by means of present-day phenomenological anthropology. The key question - in which are the examined otherness and its apprehending grounded? - I attempt to answer through the concepts of the everyday experience and the lifeworld. In the empirical section of the study, I illustrate the theory with the ethnography of Maya perception of crosses, mountains and caves, which are considered to be living and acting beings.

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Cywilizacja Majów w nowych formach muzealnych. O przywłaszczaniu prekolumbijskiego dziedzictwa na rzecz meksykańskiej kultury narodowej

86%

Biernacka M. M.

Sprawy Narodowościowe

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2019

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issue 51

EN

The Maya civilization in new forms of museum exposition. Appropriation of pre-Columbian heritage for the benefit of Mexican national cultureThe article is dedicated to the reconstruction and reinterpretation of pre-Columbian heritage by Mexican museums, with a special focus on the Maya civilization which is a permanent feature of the Mexican imagery and an object of artistic fascination. Characteristic of the history of the Yucatan, it is subject to symbolic manipulation and subordinated to the national culture. This is accompanied by the processes of its banalization, folklorization and commercialization which are facilitated by new audiovisual forms. References to the heritage are selective and the images are transformed and adjusted in order to develop apprehensible artistic products for the general public. Cywilizacja Majów w nowych formach muzealnych. O przywłaszczaniu prekolumbijskiego dziedzictwa na rzecz meksykańskiej kultury narodowejArtykuł poświęcony jest współczesnym działaniom w Meksyku w zakresie rekonstrukcji oraz reinterpretacji znaczenia spuścizny prekolumbijskiej dla kultury narodowej tego kraju, na przykładzie muzealnictwa. Chodzi zwłaszcza o dziedzictwo Majów, które jest trwałym elementem meksykańskiego imaginarium i obiektem artystycznej fascynacji. Charakterystyczne dla historii Jukatanu i jego ludności tubylczej, podlega ono zabiegom przywłaszczania na rzecz kultury narodowej, tj. podporządkowywania jako integralnej jej części. Towarzyszą temu procesy banalizacji, folkloryzacji oraz komercjalizacji spuścizny Majów, czego przykładem są nowe formy ekspozycyjne. Odniesienia do dziedzictwa mają charakter selektywny, obrazy traktowane są wybiórczo, adaptowane i poddawane obróbce audiowizualnej w celu wypracowania łatwych w odbiorze produktów artystycznych dla masowego odbiorcy, łączących w sposób swobodny przeszłość ze współczesnością.

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Sposoby gromadzenia oraz magazynowania zasobów wodnych w klasycznej kulturze nizinnych majów (iii–ix/x wiek n.e.)

72%

Jagodziński K.

Studia Europaea Gnesnensia

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2014

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issue 10

31-52

PL

Ththe Maya, Central America, water, water management, aguadas, chultunes, water lily, ancient civilisations e main task of this paper is to demonstrate how the ancient Maya solved the problem of collecting and storing water, which due to geological and hydrological conditions was in very short supply at a certain period. For this reason, the indigenous population developed a range of methods which enabled them to resolve the problem; for instance, they built reservoirs or utilised natural hollows to increase the capacity of water storage. This study aims to present their major hydrotechnological measures, which permitted normal functioning of a society in the very demanding climatic conditions.

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1 Sprawy Narodowościowe

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1 Český lid: etnologický časopis (Český lid: Ethnological journal)

1 Biernacka M. M.

1 Deptała N.

1 Jagodziński K.

1 Kapusta J.

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The concept of delinquency in Mesoamerica: focus on the Aztecs and the Maya

Mayské kříže, hory a jeskyně ve světle ontologického relativismu a fenomenologické antropologie

Cywilizacja Majów w nowych formach muzealnych. O przywłaszczaniu prekolumbijskiego dziedzictwa na rzecz meksykańskiej kultury narodowej

Sposoby gromadzenia oraz magazynowania zasobów wodnych w klasycznej kulturze nizinnych majów (iii–ix/x wiek n.e.)