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EN
The article presents an overview of migration theories considering five basic criteria used for dividing the classification of the discussed phenomenon. The concepts of economic, sociological and geographical migration were discus sed in detail. The importance of migration movements in the context of states and societies development was indicated with particular emphasis on labourrelated travels in the aspect of emerging global market. The overview of migration theories indicates a considerable complexity of the problem connected with people’s mobility, shows it multi-aspect character, at the same time signaling positive and negative consequences of the discussed processes. One of the crucial characteristics of the phenomenon is globalization of migration, which causes an increase in the number of countries experiencing this process and these states becoming mainly the sending countries. Globalization makes possible international flow of people and capital which none of the countries is able to control. A growing number of people decides to cross the border and the number of persons having more than one citizenship is also increasing. Numerous persons find employment in international corporations – therefore the difficulties to assign a character of individual group migration to the framework of definite scientific theory.
PL
Artykuł prezentuje główne następstwa migracji zarobkowych z uwzględnieniem grupy osób wkraczających w wiek produkcyjny. Poza zaprezentowaniem istotnych problemów związanych ze specyfiką funkcjonowania sektora rolniczego w Małopolsce i na Podkarpaciu dokonano także charakterystyki głównych elementów determinujących przepływ ludności w ramach teorii push-pull. Przedstawiono również wyniki badań dotyczących potencjału gospodarstw i związanej z tym przyszłości zawodowej młodzieży pochodzącej z obszarów o niekorzystnej strukturze agrarnej.
EN
The paper presents main outcomes of labour related migrations taking into consideration a group of people entering productive age. Apart from presentation of significant problems connected with specific character of agricultural sector in the Malopolska and Subcarpathian Regions, also main elements determining population flow according to push-pull theory were characterized. Presented were also results of investigations on farm potential and connected with it professional future for young people from the areas with unfavourable agrarian structure. Significant dispersion of land resources combined with low agrarian culture and overpopulation of rural areas naturally caused the desagrarization phenomenon and a necessity for active seeking alternative sources of income for families living on agriculture. It was demonstrated, that in consequence the phenomenon favours migration for labour and contributes to increase the scale of labour related migration both in the country and abroad.
PL
The article presents the results of the research on the migration processes on the peripheral areas of the Eastern Carpathians. The significance of managing migration areas was presented and the need for an in-depth analysis of the consequences of the migration processes in the context of the activities of the public administration was indicated. Thanks to the application of the multi-criteria method of the Analytic Network Process, it was possible to indicate the principal consequences of the migration in three main areas: economic, agricultural-environmental and social. There was also an indication of a possible implementation of the research results in managing local government units in the Eastern Carpathians thanks to the application of the four main models - benefits, costs, opportunities and threats, so as to define the importance of the weight assigned to particular factors (sub-criteria) in the overall perspective of the migration phenomenon
EN
This academic paper presents results of research conducted in 2012 in a production business in south Poland where the Analytic Network Process (ANP) method was applied. The objective of the research was to establish the level of risk for selected factors resulting from higher production output of the business in focus. Moreover, selection of the decision-making variant burdened by the lowest risk priority for the achievement of goals set comprised an important research criterion. The application of ANP facilitated a comprehensive approach to the issue in focus. The overriding goal was to demonstrate the efficacy of the method in solving multi-criteria decision problems, especially those which require risk analysis.
EN
The subject of the article is advertising as a tempting medium, which affects consumers with the use of various types of tricks and strategies. The main theses of the paper focus on the examination of problems of psychological effect of medial communications on their receptacle. In this context traditional models of advertising effect, i.e. informative, decisive and one line become disputed. Basing on the latest achievements of research on human perception the Authors draw attention to the functionality of two modernized models: Memory-Affect-Cognition (MAC) by Tim Ambler and Low Involvement Processing Model (LAP) by Robert Heath. Th e theories which formed within the consumer psychology and advertising explain the effect of what goes on in human brain on human decisions and make us understand that human behaviours are partial and changeable since each individual has their own needs, aims and methods by which they achieve them, whereas the final decision is influenced by such elements as memory, attention, experiences or motivation. In result, as suggested by the authors of the article entitled: The effect of advertising in the light of discoveries of consumer psychology, contemporary advertising will more often use hidden cajoling techniques instead of rational persuasion.
PL
Artykuł prezentuje wyniki badań przeprowadzonych w jednym z przedsiębiorstw Polski południowej w 2012 r. Podstawowym celem przeprowadzonych badań było oszacowanie poziomu ryzyka w realizacji poszczególnych wariantów decyzyjnych związanych ze zwiększeniem rozmiarów produkcji w wybranym przedsiębiorstwie przy zastosowaniu metody Analitycznego Procesu Sieciowego (ANP). Ponadto podjęcie decyzji optymalnej z punktu widzenia przyjętych założeń. Optymalizacja ta ma oznaczać wybór alternatywy posiadającej najniższy poziom ryzyka w realizacji wybranych czynników determinujących wzrost skali prowadzonej działalności. W pracy zaprezentowano użyteczność i skuteczność metody ANP w rozwiązywaniu wielokryterialnych problemów decyzyjnych w zarządzaniu przedsiębiorstwem, w szczególności wymagających dokonania analizy ryzyka w obszarach strategicznych.
PL
W artykule przedstawiono praktyczne zastosowanie Analitycznego Procesu Sieciowego w rozwiązywaniu procesów decyzyjnych z zakresu zarządzania. Zaproponowany model ANP obejmuje wszelkiego rodzaju zależności oraz sprzężenia zwrotne między elementami decyzyjnymi, w obszarze zarządzania produkcją odzwierciedlając złożoność problemu decyzyjnego i rzeczywiste związki zachodzące zarówno pomiędzy czynnikami wewnątrz firmy jak też w jej otoczeniu. W pracy podkreślono możliwość wykorzystania opinii ekspertów, którzy nadali znaczenie (określili ważność) elementów decyzyjnych poprzez porównanie elementów parami, pozwalając na identyfikację czynników oraz ocenę ich wpływu na wzrost wielkości produkcji.
EN
The article shows the practical application of the Analytic Network Process in solving decision problems from the field of management. The ANP Model proposed in this paper includes all kinds of dependencies and feedback between decision-making elements in the area of manufacturing management, reflecting the complexity of the problem and actual compounds that occur both between the agents within the company as well as in its surroundings. The paper emphasises the possibility of using experts’ opinion, who gave importance (specifying the validity) of decision-making elements using pairwise comparisons, allowing the identification of factors and the evaluation of their impact on the increase in the volume of production.
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