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EN
In the Act of 7 January 1993 on family planning, human embryo protection and condi- tions of permissibility of abortion, in a solemn preamble preceding the text we read that life is a fundamental good of man, and that concern for the life and health is one of the fundamental obligations of the state, society and citizen. In the provision of Article 1 of the Act we notice a statement that the right to life, including its prenatal stage is protect- ed within the limits laid down in the Act. It can therefore be argued that, on the basis of applicable law, right to life of nasciturus is not absolute, and therefore in the conditions referred to in the Act there is a possibility to have an abortion. All the conditions for law- ful termination of pregnancy are the subject of numerous comments and analyses. For some, They are an example of restrictiveness of the Polish anti-abortion law, for others - on the contrary - they are the reason for the criticism indicating that the legislator does not sufficiently protect an unborn life.
EN
The legal status of a patient’s partner in Polish medical law is determined by entitle- ments granted to “real guardian” and to “close person”. The items are not unambigu- ously defined in art. 3, section 2, points 1 and 2, of the Patient’s Rights and Patient’s Rights Ombudsman Act. In the author’s opinion based on the act, the patient’s partner might be recognized as the guardian and/or close person. The guardian’s rights are limited to express a substitute permission for basic examination, whereas the close per- son has the right to decide on medical intervention if the situation requires. The access to medical records is restricted only to the people authorized by the patient.
EN
The opinion discusses the compatibility of the government bill with the Directive 2011/24/EU of the European Parliament and of the Council, pointing out in particular the need to remove from the project and clarify the vague concepts of questionable issues. The author shows that the bill imposes numerous restrictions on patients, related both to the need to obtain prior authorization of healthcare and spending limits for a given year, as well as the constraints of a formal nature that may hinder the patients from using cross‑border healthcare serivces. In conclusion, it she notes that the objective to reduce the proportion of patients who wait for treatment would not be achieved.
EN
Polish Patient Ombudsman (PPO) was established to protect individual and collective patients’ rights. Contrary to original plans, it was established as an organ of central government administration. Therefore, the name may be confusing, as it suggests that PPO belongs to the group of entities similar to traditional ombudsmen. In fact, it implements government policy. This lack of independence is associated with the necessity of giving PPO the power to impose penalties for breach of the so called “collective patients’ rights”. Accordingly, PPO can be considered as a kind of “subtype” of the Ombudsman only from the perspective of competencies in relation to violation of the individual patient’s rights. The article analyzes the origins of the Patient Ombudsman institution in Poland, its place in Polish polity and its legal prerogatives in comparison to other bodies that offer protection of patient’s rights. The authors analyze in detail the competence of the Patient Ombudsman in case of violation of individual and collective patients’ rights.
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