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Szwajcarskie referendum „Stop minaretom” – podstawa prawna, wyniki i skutki

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Branecki T.
Athenaeum. Polskie Studia Politologiczne
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2011
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vol. 32
174-188
EN
November 29, 2009, Swiss citizen took part in the referendum and passed a ban on building minarets. The initiative was carried out starring: Swiss People Party (SVP) and the conservative Federal Democratic Union (EDU). Applicants postulated to ban construction of minarets on Swiss mosques. Originators of the initiative in their arguments postulated the introduction of the ban because of the progressive country into Islam. Opponents of the referendum argued that the ban violates the European Convention on Human Rights and prevents the integration of Muslims into society of Switzerland. Currently, everyone is waiting for the decision of the European Court of Justice in Strasbourg, which received a complaint regarding a violation of the prohibition of the European Convention on Human Rights.
2
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List Federalny z 1 sierpnia 1291 r. – pierwszy akt ustrojowy Dawnej Konfederacji Szwajcarskiej

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Branecki T.
Miscellanea Historico-Iuridica
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2016
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vol. 15
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issue 1
49-57
EN
Day 1 of August is celebrated in Switzerland as a public holiday to comemmorate the conclusion in the year 1291 by the cantons of Uri, Schwyz and Unterwalden to conclude union (Bund). Included the Pact is basis system the Old Swiss Confederation and defence agreement against the Habsburgs. Its content includesa number of provisions of public, civil, criminal and international law. Today, however, disputes the fact is conclusion, but what thas not been fully proven.
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Szwajcaria w czasach Republiki Helweckiej (1798–1802) i Mediacji (1803–1813) – podstawy ustrojowe

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Branecki T.
Res Historica
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2014
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issue 37
EN
In 1798 the Old Swiss Confederacy, created or rather “refurbished” in 1291, ceased to exist. A uniform and indivisible country - the Helvetic Republic - was created from the connection between initially three and then finally thirteen cantons. It took place with a substantial help of France and its army. The new country (which was de facto a French protectorate) enacted its first constitution (the Helvetic Constitution), established a bicameral parliament, a central government and a judiciary apparatus available for all - the Supreme Tribunal. The cantons lost their independence and they became units of the administrative division of the country. This institutional “experiment” lasted in Switzerland until 1802. Throughout the period of five years of the Republic’s existence, the French army continuously stationed in the country; some armed outbreaks of the people also took place and the conflict between the unitarists and federalists was also escalating. The feuding sides were “reconciled” by Napoleon, who occurred as a “mediator” and imposed on Switzerland his constitution - the Act of Mediation (its first nineteen chapters included constitutions of respective cantons). The period of Mediation lasted until 1813 when, after the fall of Napoleon, the countries of the anti-French coalition demanded its abrogation from Switzerland, which took place towards the end of that year. Simultaneously, the Swiss proclaimed their neutrality, which was further confirmed by the Congress of Vienna.
PL
W artykule nie zamieszczono abstraktu
4
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Organizacja i zasady działania Federalnego Sądu Karnego Konfederacji Szwajcarskiej

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Branecki T.
Krakowskie Studia Małopolskie
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2010
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vol. 14
36-46
EN
On the turn of the XX-th and XXI-st centuries in Switzerland Confideration a Jurisdiction reform was done. That reform (The Project Neue Bundesgerichte) aimed to: creating new Federal Courts to consider • criminal, civil and administrative cases etc. – and at the same time helping the Federal Court (Bundesgericht); strengthening and expansion of the legal protection of citizens (simplification of the Court access process); standardization of Civil and Criminal Law. Creation of new Federal Criminal Court was novum in the farming of Switzerland’s Federal Administration of Justice because before the mentioned above reform there was only in Switzerland the Federal Court and separated from its structure the Federal Tribunal of Insurance. The Federal Criminal Court began its activity on the 1-st April 2004 in Bellinzona. It is a Common Criminal Court in Switzerland, stated in institution preceding the Federal Court if only the Law does not exclude claiming to the Federal Court. In the Structure of this Court it is possible to mark off the Penal Chamber (states in Criminal Cases, Criminal Administrative cases and also in those ones concerning rehabilitation applications) and the Chamber of Complaints (hears complaints concerning legal help, means of under duress etc.). Fundamentally the Court states in full strength of three members, though it is possible to increase its strength up to fire judges.
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The rise and development of the Swiss Confederation from 1291 to 1515

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Branecki T.
Studia Iuridica Lublinensia
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2013
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vol. 19
EN
The origins of the Swiss Confederation date back to the year 1291, when the three cantons Uri, Schwyz and Unterwalden renewed the earlier relationship. Over the next two centuries in the compositionof the Union (Eidgenossenschaft) there were thirteen cantons. The foundation of the system of the Swiss Confederation were such acts as: Eid (1291), Pfaffen Brief (1370), Sempacher Brief (1393) and Stanser Verkommnis (1481). The link does not have any other authorities outside the Tagsatzung – as collectively-meeting representatives of the cantons. The year 1515 is considered to be the end of the Swiss Confederation territorial expansion.
PL
Brak abstraktu w języku polskim
6
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The development of the Swiss Confederation’s political system– historical perspective

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Branecki T.
Świat Idei i Polityki
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2014
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issue 13
137-155
EN
The main aim of the article is the analysis of the development of Swiss political system. The analysis starts on September 1st , 1291, when the three cantons Uri, Schwyz, and Nidwalden created the alliance (Eidgenossenchaft), and takes under considerations all important events that happened on the Swiss path to contemporary political system. The considerations are made from the historical perspective.
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