The article touches upon the current issue in Poland, namely the debate on the need of a new regulation of business activity. The Polish government issued a draft of Law on Business Activity in 2015. This fact provoked the author to discuss the topic, summing up the current state of the relevant law and presenting his own view on the possible changes. It is claimed that the new law is redundant, and instead there is a need to revise the law currently in force in order to bring it in line with European Law and to better structure specific matters. The fundamental questions which should be clarified contain: the proper structuring of basic concepts like ‘service’, ‘business activity’, ‘service provider’ and ‘undertaking’; the structuring of rules of control on undertakings; the issuing of new regulations on permissions to conduct business activity.
The Polish Constitutional Tribunal have been asked several times to rule in energy law cases. Among them one of the most important issues is right to action of occupational organizations and public undertakings in procedure by the Constitutional Tribunal. Occupational organizations have a right to initiate procedure before Constitutional Tribunal with some limitations. Under Article 191 (4) of Polish Constitution occupational organizations may make an application to the Constitutional Tribunal if the normative act relates to matters to the scope of their activity. Tribunal explained that any questioned act has to relate to matters of professionals in energy sector and shall not relate to the whole energy sector. Another issue relates to public undertakings – they haven’t right to initiate the procedure before Tribunal due to their dependence from State Treasury. This point is however controversial among judges at the Constitutional Tribunal. The author supports case-law to date.
Social economy is a phenomenon related to a civil society, not a legal construct. As such, it can be observed using statistical methods. The results of the research, however, are not satisfactory, as the proper measurement criteria have not been created yet. However, there is no doubt that the social economy is now part of the social reality. The representatives of social sciences have tried to describe this phenomenon. The author summarizes over 15 years of discussions on the basic concepts of social economy, social economy entities and social enterprise. It hypothesizes that the first of these concepts can be described using four criteria: normative, institutional, sectoral and local. Moreover, he believes that the understanding of social economy entities and social enterprises is not obvious and constitutes a postulate rather than a description of reality. The first government project on the social economy comes from 2011, the second from 2021. The author describes each of them and then criticizes them. The analysis ends with the conclusion that the definitions of the social economy, social economy entity and social enterprise should be simple, refer to natural language and doctrinal findings. The author uses the method in which he refers to the state of knowledge about social reality, included in public statistics, then analyzes the existing terminological findings in the doctrine and included in draft normative acts, in order to finally propose his own clarifications. He concludes that the social economy is something that really occurs in economic life. Therefore, the law should refer to it on the basis of the existing conceptual framework. Therefore, the social economy should be understood as part of economic life, but with social goals, and a social enterprise should be understood as an entrepreneur pursuing statutory social goals.
The Polish government plans to construct the first nuclear power station in Poland. The costs of the investment show that even the largest state owned energy companies in Poland need external financing. There is no doubt that state aid is needed. Consequently, European rules on state aid and their practical usage are very important in considering the ways of financing the construction of a nuclear plant in Poland. One of the latest Commission decisions in this matter is the Hinkley Point C decision. The Author presents the arguments put forward by the United Kingdom and the Commission in this particular case. One of the interesting devices utilized by the British government was a contract for difference, to which the Author devotes his particular attention.The Author claims that the decision-making process of the Commission in nuclear energy matters is of political nature, although it is not arbitrary. The Polish government should take into account those premises.
W artykule wymieniono projekty strategiczne w obszarze energetyki zawarte w Strategii na rzecz Odpowiedzialnego Rozwoju. Autor wskazał na dwa projekty w szczególny sposób wymagające nowych regulacji prawnych, tj. rynek mocy oraz rozwój elektromobilności. Następnie skupił się na wskazaniu podstawowych barier prawnych rozwoju elektromobilności z pominięciem barier o charakterze finansowym, gdzie regulacje prawne są niezbędne, ale akcesoryjne wobec wydatkowania środków publicznych. Do podstawowych kwestii wymagających uregulowania autor zaliczył konieczność zdefiniowania stron zaangażowanych w świadczenie usługi ładowania pojazdu elektrycznego, wyjaśnienie wątpliwości z zakresu prawa energetycznego (wymóg koncesji) oraz prawa budowalnego (wymóg pozwolenia budowalnego). Następnie autor przeanalizował planowane przepisy zawarte w projekcie ustawy o elektromobilności i paliw alternatywnych w kontekście wskazanych przeze siebie wątpliwości. W wyniku tej analizy autor doszedł do wniosku, że projekt ustawy jest spójny i zorientowany na przyszłość, ale pomija obecnie istniejącą infrastrukturę, tym samym zagadnienia wymagające regulacji w pewnym zakresie takimi nadal pozostaną, o ile przepisy zostaną uchwalone przez Sejm w obecnym brzmieniu projektu.
EN
This article mentions the strategic projects of the Polish government in the energy field, presented in its Responsible Development Strategy. Two projects are considered, which are in particular in need of a new regulatory environment – the capacity market and Electro Mobility (E-Mobility). The paper’s next focus is on identifying legal barriers to the development of Electro Mobility. The basic issues that need to be regulated include: the need to define the parties involved in charging an electric vehicle, clarification of energy law (concession requirement) and construction law (building permit requirement). The author analyses the planned provisions contained in the Draft Law on Electro Mobility and Alternative Fuels in the context of doubts that he raises. As a result of the analysis, the author comes to the conclusion that the draft law is coherent and focused on the future, but ignores existing infrastructure. Therefore the draft law tackles only part of the problems.
Every government in Poland tries to set up better conditions for the establishment and operation of a business undertaking. This goal could be realized by setting free the economy from limitations placed in laws. The process, referred to as “dereglamentacja” in Polish, has been growing in popularity in recent years. The authors have examined 53 forms of consents to the commencement of business activities and proposed a few suggestions as to how to change the law in order to ameliorate business done in Poland. First of all, it turned out that state officials find it difficult to identify the goals of certain limitations. This fundamental shortcoming in many cases calls into question the quality of drafting and enforcement of laws. Further, the authors claim that there is still some scope for changes, pertaining, inter alia, to lessening the number of information duties, doing away with some obligations imposed on entrepreneurs, or reconsidering if there is indeed a true need to provide different registers gathering effectively the same information.
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