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La dissertation française : un genre argumentatif entre rhétorique et logique (évidences, présupposés et changements de paradigme)

100%
Collinet F.
Romanica Cracoviensia
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2014
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vol. 14
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issue 2
PL
Traditional dissertation has been practised by several generations of students. This exercise has also been commented on by several generations of school system experts. Between commentaries of teachers (before 1980) and those of didacticians (after 1980), some differences of perspective seem to have installed themselves in a relatively stable way. The present article can’t detail the shift between a paradigm dominated by the link between language and thought and a paradigme dominated by a communicative conception of the language. It can however choose a specific aspect of that paradigm shift: the concurrence between two definitions of rhetoric. The definition explicitly rejected but implicitly conveyed by dissertation manuals, tends to mask the situation of communication. On the contrary, the definition of rhetoric used by didacticians insists on the essential necessity of an audience. The present article proposes an analysis of the concurrence between those two definitions.
2
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TECHNIQUES ARGUMENTATIVES DE DISSOCIATION ET MARQUAGE LINGUISTIQUE (LE CAS DU COUPLE OPINION/VÉRITÉ)

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Collinet F.
Romanica Cracoviensia
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2015
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vol. 15
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issue 2
PL
In his Treatise on Argumentation, Perelman suggests there is a relationship between certain linguistic forms and some argumentative strategies. The central question we discuss here is the possibility to systematize Perelman’s linguistic intuitions. This couple opinion/truth was chosen as an example because of the interest Reported Speech has aroused among grammarians. Concretly we propose an inventory of linguistic structures prototypically used to express an opinion/truth dissociation. Taking as a starting point an argumentative strategy (and therefore a discourse strategy), the viewer is led to address grammatical issues from this particular angle. Despite obvious difficulties (adaptation of grammatical approaches to the study of a particular discourse strategy), this specificity may be the value of the approach. For instance, the inventory of the language means which realize an argumentative strategy could present some interest for rhetoric and argumentation teaching.
3

L’Amitié à l’épreuve des faux-semblants : lecture rhétorique d’un extrait des Faux-Monnayeurs

100%
Collinet F.
Romanica Wratislaviensia
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2017
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vol. 64
75-87
EN
Gide’s Counterfeiters are not only those who circulate false coins; they are also those who cannot help cheating with discourses and friendship. The fragment ‘After the exam / the bac’ (III, 5) articulates those different levels in an original way, which can be described in rhetorical terms. As pupils, Bernard and Olivier are supposed to write a spontaneous essay but, at the same time, they must conform to the jury’s expectations(level1: [pseudo] rational argumentation on values). The­refore, as soon as the youngsters escape from the teacher’s reach, they turn to their schoolfellows unashamedly boasting on their strategies to escape the double bind imposed by the school system (level2: strategical meta-argumentation). But the intellectual and moral disagreement almost leads to a quarrel between friends (level3: rhetoric as a negotiation on emotions and on the distance between individuals). If the two first levels can be contemplated through Perelman’s system, the third one should rely on a broader definition of rhetoric (e.g. Plantin and Meyer).
4
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Faites le buzz ! Un vieux mécanisme rhétorique adapté à l’espace médiatique contemporain ?

100%
Collinet F.
Studia Romanica Posnaniensia
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2017
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vol. 44
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issue 3
43-58
EN
Presidential elections, by their nature, provoke fierce debates. During the 2017 French campaign the heated exchange between C. Angot and F. Fillon attracted public attention: that “clash” was making a “buzz”. Our attention was first caught by the terminology recurrently used by the media: in which ways are “clashes” and “buzzes” different from but also similar to old rhetorical mechanisms? And, more specifically, would New Rhetoric’s sensitivity to historical relativity shed some light on the issue? At first, we assumed that, polemic being a typical argumentative situation, there was no incompatibility between that theoretical framework and the study of a concrete polemical exchange. Of course, New Rhetoric doesn’t focus on polemical exchanges; we do, however, share Nicolas’ unease at saying that Perelman idealizes philosophical agreement (e.g. Nicolas, 2015a, § 7). After addressing that issue and the ambivalence of Perelman’s position, we will say a few words about the end / consequence distinction.
5
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Pour une grammaire des notions et de leurs transformations rhétoriques

100%
Collinet F.
Neophilologica
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2023
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vol. 35
1-23
EN
In a 1955 article, Perelman and Olbrechts-Tyteca suggest that their theory of argumentation could provide a foundation for a study that they place under the sign of semantics: the study of notions. In the Treatise on Argumentation, the multiplicity of the examples cited can monopolise the reader’s attention and prevent him from finding the lineaments of this semantic reflection. If a semantic project appears in the Treatise, it is in the manner of a watermark. The analysis that Ducrot proposes of the word But and his commentary on Pascal’s Refutation of the Dominicans could offer a precious means of making the functioning of this study of notions promised by the New Rhetoric more visible. Ducrot’s strictly linguistic approach will allow for a better understanding of the workings of the Perelmanian method, a method that, by contrast, we will call “rhetorico-grammatical”.
FR
Dans un article de 1955, Perelman et Olbrechts-Tyteca suggèrent que leur théorie de l’argumentation pourrait offrir un fondement à une étude placée sous le signe de la sémantique : l’étude des notions. Dans le Traité de l’argumentation, la multiplicité des exemples cités peuvent accaparer l’attention du lecteur et l’empêcher de retrouver les linéaments de cette réflexion sémantique. Si un projet sémantique apparaît dans le Traité, c’est à la manière d’un filigrane. L’analyse que Ducrot propose de mais et son commentaire de la Réfutation des dominicains par Pascal pourraient peut-être offrir à l’observateur un précieux moyen d’observer le fonctionnement de cette étude des notions promise par la Nouvelle Rhétorique. La démarche strictement linguistique de Ducrot permettra de mieux comprendre les rouages de la méthode perelmanienne, une méthode que, par contraste, nous nommerons « rhétorico-grammaticale ».
6
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La théorie du Językowy Obraz Świata (Image Linguistique du Monde) : du monde universitaire polonais au contexte académique français

63%
Kwapisz-Osadnik K., Collinet F.
Studia Romanica Posnaniensia
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2022
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vol. 49
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issue 2
73-85
EN
The paper proposes to link French (or Francophone) and Polish university didactics, in a context where their linguistic and cultural roots differ. The reflexion is based on the articulation of two theories: an object-theory (the Językowy Obraz Świata), which is borrowed from the field of polonistics, and an instrument-theory, (Perelman’s New Rhetoric). The didactic challenge is to propose a neo-rhetorical platform where prior agreements on concepts and theories are negotiated in order to finally raise students’ awareness of the problem of transfers of concepts and theories in the context of philological studies. These agreements must be made first within the same scientific community (Polish community), then between scientific communities representing different cultures (Polish and French communities).
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Teoretyczne wybory, cięcia metodologiczne i przejścia między paradygmatami: trudności dialogu interdyscyplinarnego

63%
Kwapisz-Osadnik K., Collinet F.
Półrocznik Językoznawczy Tertium
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2018
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vol. 3
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issue 2
PL
W niniejszym artykule podjęto próbę refleksji nad problemem wyboru zaplecza teoretycznego z jednej strony, a kwestią prowadzenia wywodu naukowego z drugiej - w obliczu współczesnego interdyscyplinarnego kierunku badań. Punkt wyjścia rozważań w tym zakresie stanowi rozumienie interdyscyplinarności we Francji oraz tezy Nowej Retoryki, ktόre same mogą być rozważane jako interdyscyplinarne. Co więcej Nowej Retoryki można używać, żeby opisać dialog między rόżnymi dyscyplinami. Odnosząc się do pojęcia predykat inaczej rozumianego w obszarze polskich i francuskich badań językoznawczych, w artykule opisano podstawowe dylematy, niezrozumienia i trudności w dialogu naukowym, wywodzącym się z różnych (francuskiej i polskiej) tradycji uniwersyteckich. W tym kontekście Nowa Retoryka mogłaby odegrać rolę platformy dialogu między badaczami reprezentującymi różne tradycje naukowe, gdyż z jednej strony bierze pod uwagę związek między i formacją badacza a przedwstępnymi postanowieniami, a z drugiej strony wprowadza termin "rozciągłość pojęć", na którym argumentacja może opierać się. W prowadzeniu badań opartych na dialogu interdyscyplinarnego ważne jest "spojrzenie oddalone" (Lévi-Strauss, 1983), czyli pewien dystans do swojej dyscypliny, tradycji i dociekań tak, aby nasze prace naukowe stały się dostępne dla badaczy reprezentujących inne dyscypliny, ale przede wszystkim, aby możliwy był dialog w ramach tych samych dyscyplin.
8
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Teoretyczne wybory, cięcia metodologiczne i przejścia między paradygmatami: trudności dialogu interdyscyplinarnego

63%
Kwapisz-Osadnik K., Collinet F.
Półrocznik Językoznawczy Tertium
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2018
|
vol. 3
|
issue 2
EN
This article is an attempt to reflect upon the problem of choosing a theoretical approach. From another side, it touches upon the question of conducting scientific enquiry- in the face of the actual inter-disciplinary turn taken in some fields of research. The starting point of these reflec-tions in this particular field will be the concept of interdisciplinarity as understood in France and the claims of the New Rhetorics which can themselves be understood as being interdiscipli-nary. Moreover, the New Rhetoric can be used to describe a dialogue between different disci-plines. In reference to the concept of predicate, which has different meanings in the fields of French and Polish linguistic research, the present article will touch upon fundamental dilemmas, mis-understandings and difficulties in scientific debate and the problems which stem from the dif-ferences between the French and Polish academic traditions. In this context, the New Rhetoric could play the role of a platform for dialogue between researchers representing different scien-tific traditions, because on the one hand, the New Rhetoric takes into account the relation be-tween the researcher’s formation and his prior representations concerning the matter. On the other hand, the New Rhetoric introduces the term 'plasticity of notions' based on which argu-mentation can be founded or based. In conducting research founded on interdisciplinary dia-logue it is important to adopt “a view from afar” (Levi-Strauss 1983); or, in other words, to maintain a certain distance from one's discipline, tradition and a way of querying, so that our scientific works would become comprehensible for scholars representing different disciplines and above all, to enable a dialogue within the framework of those disciplines.
PL
W niniejszym artykule podjęto próbę refleksji nad problemem wyboru zaplecza teoretycznego z jednej strony, a kwestią prowadzenia wywodu naukowego z drugiej - w obliczu współczesnego interdyscyplinarnego kierunku badań. Punkt wyjścia rozważań w tym zakresie stanowi rozumienie interdyscyplinarności we Francji oraz tezy Nowej Retoryki, ktόre same mogą być rozważane jako interdyscyplinarne. Co więcej Nowej Retoryki można używać, żeby opisać dialog między rόżnymi dyscyplinami. Odnosząc się do pojęcia predykat inaczej rozumianego w obszarze polskich i francuskich badań językoznawczych, w artykule opisano podstawowe dylematy, niezrozumienia i trudności w dialogu naukowym, wywodzącym się z różnych (francuskiej i polskiej) tradycji uniwersyteckich. W tym kontekście Nowa Retoryka mogłaby odegrać rolę platformy dialogu między badaczami reprezentującymi różne tradycje naukowe, gdyż z jednej strony bierze pod uwagę związek między i formacją badacza a przedwstępnymi postanowieniami, a z drugiej strony wprowadza termin "rozciągłość pojęć", na którym argumentacja może opierać się. W prowadzeniu badań opartych na dialogu interdyscyplinarnego ważne jest "spojrzenie oddalone" (Lévi-Strauss, 1983), czyli pewien dystans do swojej dyscypliny, tradycji i dociekań tak, aby nasze prace naukowe stały się dostępne dla badaczy reprezentujących inne dyscypliny, ale przede wszystkim, aby możliwy był dialog w ramach tych samych dyscyplin.
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