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The Semantics of Words Comprising Phraseological Structures – the Observations of Polish Corpus of Wrocław University of Technology Editor

100%
Wieczorek J.
Poznańskie Studia Polonistyczne. Seria Językoznawcza
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2014
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vol. 21
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issue 2
177-189
PL
The aim of the article is to present several problems encountered by the editor compiling the Corpus of Wrocław University of Technology. The problems are connected with the application of the method of disambiguation of meanings of words in text (WSD – Word Sense Disambiguation) during the work on material of phraseological character. Any researcher using this method confronts the problem of the lack of semantic independence of words entering into the composition of fixed word combinations. The necessity to develop a unique procedure of conduct for this type of words, inclined the author of the article to experiment in the isolation of independent meanings of words co-forming phraseologisms and to make an attempt at their typologization. The isolation of such meanings has proved possible, although the accuracy of their description is very unstable: in some cases the motivation of semantic changes-which the meaning of a word undergoes under the influence of “being petrified” in a set phrase-is transparent, in other cases, however, we can speak of a hypothetical source of changes rather than a definite modification of meaning. It is worth mentioning here about the rigour imposed by the adopted WSD marking method: a set of all meanings which a given word form may assume in the analysed text must be entered into the database. That is why the problem of providing the definition of words forming phraseologisms is vital from the point of view of a linguist dealing with machine processing of language.
2

Vocabulary related to a family, kinship and the names of relatives as a base to the reflection on some questions the editors of Słowosieć are encountering

63%
Ławniczak J., Wieczorek J.
Cognitive Studies
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2011
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issue 11
EN
Vocabulary related to a family, kinship and the names of relatives as a base to the reflection on some questions the editors of Słowosieć are encounteringThis paper is a glance on a working methods in building the semantic network. It highlights a problem of monitoring results of WordNet extension. It is based on the example of the semantic field associated with the names of family members and related issues and it concerns certain problems that can be solved only when considering whole semantic field. There are also some reflections on how the network organisation differs from traditional ways of presenting the interconnections between concepts.
3

Shallow syntactic annotation in the corpus of Wrocław University of Technology

51%
Radziszewski A., Maziarz M., Wieczorek J.
Cognitive Studies
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2012
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issue 12
EN
Shallow syntactic annotation in the corpus of Wrocław University of TechnologyIn this paper we present shallow syntactic annotation of The Wrocław University of Technology Corpus. We discuss some theoretical and practical considerations related to shallow parsing of Polish, then we present our annotation guidelines. The proposed annotation scheme includes chunking – four chunk types are defined with reference to the notion of accommodation and syntactic connotation, as well as annotation of four inter-chunk predicate-argument relations. Until now almost 18k chunk and 4k relation instances have been annotated. We believe that both the corpus and the annotation guideliness will prove their applicability in construction of automatic shallow parsers.
4
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Towards Recognition of Spatial Relations between Entities for Polish

51%
Marcińczuk M. M., Oleksy M., Wieczorek J.
Cognitive Studies
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2016
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issue 16
EN
Towards Recognition of Spatial Relations between Entities for PolishIn this paper, the problem of spatial relation recognition in Polish is examined. We present the different ways of distributing spatial information throughout a sentence by reviewing the lexical and grammatical signals of various relations between objects. We focus on the spatial usage of prepositions and their meaning, determined by the ‘conceptual’ schemes they constitute. We also discuss the feasibility of a comprehensive recognition of spatial relations between objects expressed in different ways by reviewing the existing tools and resources for text processing in Polish. As a result, we propose a heuristic method for the recognition of spatial relations expressed in various phrase structures called spatial expressions. We propose a definition of spatial expressions by taking into account the limitations of the available tools for the Polish language. A set of rules is used to generate candidates of spatial expressions which are later tested against a set of semantic constraints.The results of our work on recognition of spatial expressions in Polish texts were partially presented in (Marcińczuk, Oleksy, & Wieczorek, 2016). In that paper we focused on a detailed analysis of errors obtained using a set of basic morphosyntactic patterns for generating spatial expression candidates - we identified and described the most common sources of errors, i.e. incorrectly recognized or unrecognized expressions. In this paper we focused mainly on the preliminary stages of spatial expression recognition. We presented an extensive review on how the spatial information can be encoded in the text, types of spatial triggers in Polish and a detailed evaluation of morphosyntactic patterns which can be used to generate spatial expression candidates. Rozpoznawanie relacji przestrzennych między obiektami fizycznymi w języku polskimArtykuł dotyczy zagadnienia rozpoznawania relacji przestrzennych w języku polskim. Autorzy przedstawili różne sposoby przekazywania w tekstach informacji na temat relacji przestrzennych między obiektami fizycznymi, uwzględniając sygnały o charakterze leksykalnym i gramatycznym. Istotną częścią artykułu jest omówienie znaczenia przyimków użytych w celu wyrażenia relacji przestrzennych. Znaczenie to kształtowane jest przez schematy konceptualne współtworzone przez poszczególne przyimki. Omówiono również możliwości kompleksowego rozpoznawania relacji przestrzennych wyrażonych za pomocą różnych środków językowych. Służy temu przegląd istniejących zasobów i narzędzi przetwarzania języka polskiego.Jako rezultat autorzy proponują heurystyczną metodę rozpoznawania relacji przestrzennych realizowanych językowo za pomocą struktur składniowych określonych jako wyrażenia przestrzenne. W artykule zaprezentowano definicję wyrażeń przestrzennych uwzględniającą specyfikę narzędzi dostępnych do przetwarzania języka polskiego. Zestaw reguł składniowych umożliwia wytypowanie fraz – kandydatów kwalifikujących się jako wyrażenia przestrzenne, które następnie zostają porównane z adekwatnym zestawem ograniczeń semantycznych.
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