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Gdy pismo wzywa pomocy. Czynniki emotywne w piśmie dysgraficznym

100%
Grębowiec-Baffoni J.
Konteksty Pedagogiczne
|
2014
|
vol. 1
|
issue 2
EN
Handwriting is one of the most complex human activities, since it combines simultaneous work of various brain and motor centers, which develop during every single activity and a child’s relation with others. The level of reach­ing development of these centers and their functions reflects itself in all activities, mostly in the graphic one. Furthermore, emotions and psycho­physical processes are expressed in complicated and precise motion, so necessary in the process of handwriting. Hence, long states of psychical tension emerging from emotions and relations with other people may result in various degrees of muscle tension, including the lack of fluency in their work, which in consequence impacts the image of handwriting, often being one of the causes of dysgraphia.
PL
Pismo jest jedną z najbardziej skomplikowanych czynności ludzkich, gdyż łączy działalność wielu ośrodków mózgowych i ruchowych, które rozwijają się podczas każdej działalności i podczas każdej relacji dziecka z drugą osobą. Sto­pień osiągnięcia dojrzałości tych ośrodków i ich funkcji odzwierciedla się w każdej działalności, przede wszystkim graficznej. Również emocje i procesy psychofizjo­logiczne znajdują wyraz w skomplikowanym i precyzyjnym ruchu potrzebnym do wykonania pisma. Z tego względu długie stany napięcia psychicznego, powstałe w wyniku emocji i relacji z innymi ludźmi, mogą powodować różne stopnie napię­cia mięśniowego, łącznie z brakiem płynności w pracy mięśni, co z kolei wpływa na obraz pisma i często bywa jednym z powodów dysgrafii.
2

Selected issues in handwriting examination, graphology and their technology in document examination

63%
Cieśla R., Grębowiec-Baffoni J.
Nowa kodyfikacja prawa karnego
|
2017
|
vol. 45
63-80
EN
This article aims at introducing the complex nature of handwriting examination for judicial purposes and the resulting competences which ahandwriting expert must have. The knowledge of neurophysiological conditioning of handwriting strokes, together with the knowledge of inks, their physical and chemical reactions with surfaces on which handwriting is applied, techniques allowing their observation and acquiring clear enlarged photographic images are indispensable for acorrect expert examination, explanation of how the conclusions were arrived at and illustrating the results. Appropriate selection of techniques of acquiring images requires not only the knowledge of optical and lighting equipment but also practical skills in its appropriate use. Thus, handwriting examination combines the knowledge from various areas: neurophysiology of movement, psychology of handwriting, chemistry, physics and use of optical equipment, which together guaran­tee objective and reliable examination yielding correct results.
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