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Les fonctions du langage et la déixis dans les slogans publicitaires français

100%
Lipińska M.
Studia Romanica Posnaniensia
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2009
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vol. 36
97-109
EN
The article describes speech functions and deixis in French advertising slogans. Such functions as communicative, phatic, and imperative are treated as the defining ones, whereas the last one is usually consciously hidden. The poetic and the expressive functions are considered important yet not the necessary ones, while the denotative one is often blurred. The metalinguistic function is considered secondary, however it cannot be excluded. The type of message imposes deixis' referents and syntactic functions of the latter, e.g. the subject determines the brand, producer or the service donor, a potential customer or a person who used a given product and is satisfied with it. The slogan’s deixis focuses around the major elements of the product sale.
2
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Le tabou et l’humour – analyse pragmatique, sémantique et stylistique des formes citées françaises à caractère comique

100%
Lipińska M.
Acta Universitatis Lodziensis. Folia Litteraria Romanica
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2017
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issue 12
247-256
EN
In French comic quoted forms mechanisms of comism connected with taboo can be defined by means of semantic and stylistic analysis, however, the most comprehensive description can be obtained by employing linguistic pragmatics research instruments. Comic violation of taboo stems from breaching the maxim of politeness and quantity. Another source of humour comes from the contrast between the cultural presupposition and the sense of the sentence or its implicature. Implied topics are the basis for humour, quite like the implied structure of an utterance. Such sentences represent indirect speech acts: illocutionary tropes, as well as allusive derivatives packed with vulgarisms. From the semantic point of view, contrasts between the specific inherent semes and the afferent ones prevail. Oppositions within specific inherent semes or afferent contextual ones can also be observed. Quoted comic forms represent simple or complex tropes as well as rhymed paraphrases. Taboo content can be found in lexemes with broad connotations.
FR
Dans les formes citées françaises à caractère humoristique, les mécanismes du comique lié au tabou se laissent préciser à l’aide des analyses sémantique et stylistique, mais la description complète est obtenue grâce à l’appareil de la pragmatique linguistique. La violation comique du tabou découle de la transgression des maximes de politesse et de quantité. Comme source de l’humour, il faut citer le contraste entre une présupposition culturelle et le sens de la phrase ou l’implication. Les sujets impliqués se trouvent aussi à la base de l’humour ainsi que la construction implicative de l’énoncé. Les phrases en question appartiennent aux actes de langage indirects : aux tropes illocutoires et aux dérivations allusives truffées de vulgarismes. Du point de vue sémantique, ce sont les contrastes entre les sèmes spécifiques inhérents et afférents qui prévalent. On observe aussi des oppositions à l’intérieur des sèmes spécifiques inhérents ou afférents contextuels. Les formes autonymes comiques sont des tropes simples ou complexes ainsi que des périphrases rimées. Les contenus tabouisés apparaissent dans des lexèmes à connotation large.
3
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Les origines rhétoriques de la théorie des textes argumentatifs

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Lipińska M.
Studia Romanica Posnaniensia
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2001
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vol. 27
93-102
EN
The present paper has been written for students whose intention is to leam the basic skills of composing argumentative texts such as essays, B.A. papers and M.A. theses. As it is widely known, the structure of all persuasive forms of writing adheres to specific norms and rules, which were clearly prescribed back in antiquity and which are mostly followed in contemporary textbooks on argumentative texts. In my paper, the current French theory of the latter has been explained through description of its classical roots. The analysis focuses in particular on the stages of argumentative composition, its inherent components and the typology of argumentative texts proposed by ancient Greeks and Romans.
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L’amour en français et en polonais – étude cognitive

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Lipińska M.
Acta Universitatis Lodziensis. Folia Litteraria Romanica
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2021
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issue 16
39-48
EN
The description of the conceptualization of the notion of love is based on the analysis of the Polish and French proverbs and quotes. The linguistic cognitive method applied is based on establishing Idealized Cognitive Models (ICMs), i.e. metaphors and conceptual metonymies. The following six types of source domains grouping individual ICMs have been identified: a person; an abstract notion; an object, a living organism; a cosmogonic universal; and a cultural universal. ICMs have also been assigned to individual types of semantic universals. People comprehend love in terms of diversified categories: both axiological ones as well as physical reactions. Most ICMs occur in both languages. Poles describe love by means of all types of semantic universals, while Frenchmen, more frequently than us Poles, comprehend this emotion in terms of cultural universals. Conceptual paradigms construct in some cases such structures in which more detailed models are assigned to general, generic ICMs.
FR
La description faite ici de la conceptualisation de la notion d’amour s’appuie sur l’analyse de proverbes et de citations français et polonais. La méthode cognitive appliquée est basée sur l’identification des Modèles Cognitifs Idéalisés (des concepts métaphoriques et métonymiques). On a isolé six types de domaines sources : la personne, la notion abstraite, l’objet, l’être animé (non humain), l’universel cosmogonique et l’universel culturel. Les ICMs ont été aussi subordonnés à des types particuliers d’universaux sémantiques. Les hommes comprennent l’amour dans des catégories aussi bien axiologiques que physiques. La plupart des Modèles Cognitifs Idéalisés sont communs aux deux langues. Les Polonais conceptualisent l’amour au moyen de tous les universaux sémantiques, tandis que les Français, un peu plus fréquemment que les Polonais comprennent ce sentiment dans les catégories des universaux culturels. Les paradigmes notionnels forment dans certains cas des constructions complexes, dans lesquelles les ICMs hyponymiques sont subordonnés aux modèles hypéronymiques.
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Mechanizmy komizmu we francuskich dowcipach

100%
Lipińska M.
Rozprawy Komisji Językowej ŁTN
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2014
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vol. LX (60)
183-202
PL
Określeniu statusu dowcipów dialogowych jako wypowiedzi cytowanych oraz spojrzenie na tekst komiczny z perspektywy teorii tekstu umożliwiły wskazanie pewnych właściwości wypowiedzi komicznych i ich miejsca wśród innych form językowych. Dowcip dialogowy zdefiniowano jako bachtinowski genre mowy i przedstawiono z punktu widzenia danych aktów komunikacji językowej. Te ostatnie zbadano zarówno jako wypowiedzi dialogowe, jak i formy cytowane, rozważane jako całości. Stwierdzono nacechowanie wszystkich funkcji mowy z punktu widzenia komizmu badanych dowcipów. Scharakteryzowano nadawców i odbiorców, kod, przekaz, kontakt i kontekst w dwóch powyższych płaszczyznach. Przyjęcie podwójnej optyki badawczej okazało się konieczne także w opisie mechanizmów komizmu wykorzystującym podstawowy aparat pojęciowy pragmatyki językoznawczej. Wewnątrz dialogów wyróżniono: konkretne rodzaje implikacji lub presupozycji konwersacyjnych, kontrast implikacji, przeciwstawienie implikacji i presupozycji (konwersacyjnych lub konwencjonalnych), opozycję presupozycji, hiperbolizację presupozycji oraz kontrast implikacji lub presupozycji z sensem wypowiedzi. Wskazano również rodzaje naruszanych maksym konwersacyjnych w poszczególnych wypowiedziach dialogowych i w dowcipach jako formach cytowanych. Wykorzystywane są wszystkie maksymy, nie zawsze naraz w jednym dialogu, choć bywają i takie przykłady. Najczęściej nie respektuje się maksymy sposobu i ilości.
EN
Determining dialogic jokes as quoted statements as well as looking at a comic text from the text theory perspective made it possible to point out certain features of humoristic statements and establish their position among other linguistic forms. A dialogic joke has been defined as Bakhtin’s speech genre and has been described from the point of view of given communicative speech acts. The latter have been analyzed as dialogic statements and quoted forms seen as wholes. From the point of view of the comic aspect of analyzed jokes all speech functions have been found marked. Senders, recipients, code, message, contact and context on the two above mentioned planes have been determined. Adopting a double research perspective turned out to be also necessary in describing mechanisms of humour using an essential term apparatus of pragmalinguistics. Concrete implication types or conversational presuppositions, implication contrast, implication and presupposition juxtaposition (both conventional and conversational), presupposition opposition, presupposition hyperbole, as well as implication or presupposition contrast with utterance meaning all have been found in dialogues. What has also been found were types of breaching conversational maxims in individual dialogic statements as well as in jokes treated as quoted statements. All maxims are used, though not all of them in each dialogue and every time, yet such examples can also be fund. The maxims that are breached most frequently are the Maxim of Manner and the Maxim of Quantity.
6
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Priamèles du “Livre des Proverbes” – analyse formelle, syntaxique, stylistique et pragmatique

100%
Lipińska M.
Acta Universitatis Lodziensis. Folia Litteraria Romanica
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2023
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vol. 18
185-197
EN
Priamels from The Book of Proverbs constitute a specific group of maxims not only among proverbs but also among priamels. They are not a homogenous set, as the formal, stylistic, and pragmatic analysis proved. Priamels, especially the numeric ones, with many cited elements, are not concise statements with simple syntax characteristic of prototypical proverbs. They are characterised by repetitive syntactic patterns with certain regularity referring to cited elements. The accentuated poetic function of the language is expressed by the presence of many diverse stylistic figures more or less defining for priamels. The non-mechanical character of the message stemming from the frequent violation of maxims of relevance, quantity, and manner – as well as from the importance of the inferred information and expressive markedness – makes the impression of the proximity between the sender and the receiver, and strengthens the power of communicating the maxims’ message. Extended priamels, which are doubly numeric, do not occur anywhere else but in The Book of Proverbs.
FR
Les priamèles du Livre des Proverbes forment un groupe spécial de parémies non seulement parmi les proverbes mais aussi parmi les priamèles. Elles ne constituent pas une collection homogène ce qui a été démontré par l’analyse formelle, stylistique, et pragmatique. Les priamèles, surtout numériques, à plusieurs éléments cités, ne sont pas des énoncés concis, avec une syntaxe simple, propre aux proverbes prototypiques. Ils se caractérisent par des schémas syntaxiques récurrents et une régularité concernant les éléments cités. La fonction poétique, qui est soulignée, s’exprime par plusieurs figures de style diverses et plus ou moins définitoires pour les priamèles. Le caractère non mécanique, indirect du message, découlant de la transgression fréquente des maximes de pertinence, de quantité et de modalité et de l’importance des contenus inférés, ainsi que de la marque expressive, donne l’impression d’une intimité entre l’émetteur et le récepteur des proverbes et augmente la force communicative des contenus parémiques. Les priamèles numériques doubles, développées et introuvables hors du Livre des Proverbes sont les plus spécifiques à cette source.
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