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Edycje akt sejmikowych z terenu Wielkiego Księstwa Litewskiego

100%
Rachuba A.
Miscellanea Historico-Iuridica
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2022
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vol. 21
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issue 1
347-363
EN
The aim of the article is to present the current state of editing sejmiks’ records from the lands of the Grand Duchy of Lithuania from 1566 to 1794. Although the first printed edition of Lithuanian (Vilnius) sejmiks’ resolutions took place as late as the end of the 18th century, in contrast to the lands of the Polish Crown, Polish historians took little interest in them in later centuries. A relatively large number of sejmik records were published in the 19th century by Vilnius Archaeographical Commission, but one should be extremely critical of these editions, as it was clearly commissioned to shape the picture of the Commonwealth (and especially the Grand Duchy of Lithuania) through the prism of political and confessional requirements. For Polish scholars of the past, on the other hand, it was primarily the Polish lands that were important and the situation was not improved by Poland’s regaining of independence in 1918. Therefore, I would like to present the views of some of these historians on the need for such editions (especially at the historians’ congress in Vilnius in 1935), their form and the achievements of editing sejm records in the 19th – 21st centuries, divided into volumes strictly presenting such records (published by the abovementioned Archaeographical Commission), occasional and incidental editions, and the achievements of Russian, Polish, Lithuanian and Byelorussian historiography. What are the already visible effects of the veritable explosion of editions of sejmik records in the last decade and what are the prospects? In which research centres have editing projects been undertaken and what are the teams carrying them out?
PL
Celem artykułu jest przedstawienie dotychczasowego stanu edycji akt sejmikowych z ziem Wielkiego Księstwa Litewskiego od 1566 do 1794 r. Choć pierwsze wydanie drukiem litewskiej (wileńskiej) uchwały sejmikowej miało miejsce jeszcze w końcu XVIII w., to w przeciwieństwie do ziem Korony Polskiej historycy polscy w późniejszych wiekach w zasadzie mało się nimi interesowali. Stosunkowo dużo akt sejmikowych wydała w XIX w. Wileńska Archeograficzna Komisja, ale należy do tych edycji mieć nadzwyczajny krytycyzm, gdyż miała ona wyraźne zlecenie kształtowania obrazu Rzeczypospolitej (a zwłaszcza Wielkiego Księstwa Litewskiego) przez pryzmat wymagań politycznych i wyznaniowych. Dla polskich badaczy przeszłości ważne były zaś przede wszystkim ziemie polskie i sytuacji nie poprawiło odzyskanie przez Polskę niepodległości w 1918 r. Chcę więc zaprezentować poglądy niektórych z owych historyków na potrzebę takich edycji (zwłaszcza na zjeździe historyków w Wilnie w 1935 r.), ich formę i dorobek edycyjny akt sejmikowych w wiekach XIX–XXI z podziałem na tomy stricte prezentujące takowe akta (wydawane przez wspomnianą Komisję Archeograficzną), na okazjonalne i przypadkowe ich edycje, na dorobek historiografii rosyjskiej, polskiej, litewskiej i białoruskiej. Jakie są widoczne już efekty istnego wybuchu edycji akt sejmikowych w ostatnim dziesięcioleciu i jakie perspektywy? W jakich ośrodkach naukowych podjęte zostały projekty edycyjne i jak wyglądają zespoły je realizujące?
2
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Próba zrównania uprawnień litewskich urzędów hetmańskich za panowania Jana Kazimierza

100%
Rachuba A.
Rocznik Lituanistyczny
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2018
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vol. 4
EN
Celem artykułu jest pokazanie podejmowanych przez Jana Kazimierza Wazę prób zrównania kompetencji hetmanów litewskich, a tym samym ograniczenia władzy hetmana wielkiego. Król, oprócz podejmowania inicjatyw o charakterze prawnym, starał się osiągnąć zakładany cel przez nominację na funkcję hetmana polnego ściśle związanego z dworem Wincentego Korwina Gosiewskiego. Zwrócono również uwagę na negatywny skutek działań Jana Kazimierza Wazy na zdolności bojowe i operacyjne armii litewskiej. The aim of the article is to present the attempts undertaken by King John Casimir to make equal the powers of Lithuanian hetmans and thus to limit the authority of the Lithuanian grand hetman. To this end, the king, alongside with his legal attempts, appointed to the office of Lithuanian field hetman Wincenty Korwin Gosiewski, closely associated with the royal court. Attention also is paid to negative consequences of King John Casimir’s actions for the combat and operational capacity of the Lithuanian army.
3
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Senatorowie litewscy na sejmach z lat 1664-1667

100%
Rachuba A.
Saeculum Christianum. Pismo Historyczne
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2020
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vol. 27
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issue Nr Spec.
94-105
EN
The aim of the article is to show whether and to what extent Lithuanian Senators were active in the Sejms during the so-called Lubomirski's sedition and whether this conflict was the most important issue for them. What was the turnout of Lithuanian Senators compared to those from the Crown and what was the balance of power between court supporters and the opposition? Moreover, did it affect their behaviour and what was it like? Eventually I came to the conclusion that Lithuanian Senators were poorly involved in the political events of the Commonwealth and thus did not pose a problem for the court, because even if they did not support its policy, they tried not to participate in any sharp attacks on it.
PL
Celem jest pokazanie, czy i na ile senatorowie litewscy wykazywali w okresie wydarzeń tzw. rokoszu Lubomirskiego aktywność na sejmach i czy ów konflikt był dla nich sprawą najistotniejszą. Jak wyglądała frekwencja senatorów litewskich w stosunku do koronnych i jaki był wśród nich układ sił między stronnikami dworu i opozycją? Czy miało to wreszcie przełożenie na ich zachowanie i jakie? W efekcie doszedłem do wniosku, że słabo angażowali się oni w wydarzenia polityczne Rzeczypospolitej, a tym samym nie stanowili dla dworu problemu, gdyż jeśli nawet nie popierali jego polityki, starali się nie brać udziału w ostrych nań atakach.
4
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Obraz działalności publicznej nielubianego bohatera. Uwagi w związku z pracą Arkadiusza Czwołka o Lwie Sapieże

100%
Rachuba A.
Kwartalnik Historyczny
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2015
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vol. 122
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issue 2
PL
Image of the Public Activity of a Disliked Protagonist. Regarding Arkadiusz Czwołek’s Book on Lew SapiehaArkadiusz Czwołek published an extensive biography of Lew Sapieha (Piórem i buławą. Działalność polityczna Lwa Sapiehy, kanclerza litewskiego, wojewody wileńskiego, Toruń 2012), chancellorr, voivode of Wilno, grand hetman of Lithuania, and one of the most eminent Lithuanian politicians, while omitting his activity as an official, a patron of the arts, the head of a family, a leader of a faction and, in particular, his extremely important economic undertakings. Sapieha created a vast landed estate that became the foundation of the rank held by the magnate family of the Sapiehas and, subsequently, of their predominance in the Grand Duchy of Lithuania. The copious monograph is based on an imposing number of sources and pertinent literature, but in both cases incomplete. The traditional chronological configuration of the publication produced a number of repetitions, breaks in the narration, and, for all practical purposes, a presentation restricted to the political history of the state, etc. It would have been much more favourable to focus on several prominent questions and to discuss them in a problem-oriented order, with a mandatory backdrop demonstrating the creation of the landed estate by the titular protagonist. The author depicted in great detail Sapieha’s activity but at times did not reflect on its causes and the backstage aspects of his career. During his long life Sapieha played a significant role in almost all events transpiring in the Commonwealth under Sigismund III. He enjoyed a great number of successes, but also failed upon occasions, which the author described in great detail; nonetheless, the reader comes across certain inconsistencies and conclusions devoid of evidence. The most surprising is the fact that the A. Czwołek actually does not have high regard for his protagonist; consequently, he accentuated Sapieha’s negative traits and accused him of iniquities, the absence of military talents, excessive ambition, intrigues, and disloyalty towards Krzysztof Radziwiłł. If this dislike was the outcome exclusively of an objective assessment of the sources it could be regarded as a positive phenomenon; the author’s attitude, however, is not the reason for critical opinions. In my polemic I thus draw attention not merely to numerous albeit petty mistakes, but first and foremost to unfounded and unjust (lacking objectivity) conclusions and intentions attributed to Lew Sapieha. Both the author of the book and I agree that Sapieha was an outstanding politician. He should not, however, be judged without considering the conditions in which he acted, the norms and events of the period, human needs, faults and limitations, which, I claim, A. Czwołek did not fully take into account. Although I highly value the author’s factographic contribution, making it possible to cast more light on Lew Sapieha, I still have a great number of reservations against the discussed monograph.
5
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Henryk Lulewicz (22 IV 1950 – 21 V 2019)

44%
Rachuba A.
Rocznik Lituanistyczny
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2019
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vol. 5
6
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Henryk Lulewicz (22 IV 1950 – 21 V 2019)

44%
Rachuba A.
Kwartalnik Historyczny
|
2020
|
vol. 127
|
issue 2
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