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Poradnik Językowy
|
2018
|
vol. 754
|
issue 5
51-67
EN
This paper provides detailed characteristics of language communication disorders in the classical, i.e. amnestic variant of Alzheimer’s disease – late-onset, and the main contemporarily distinguished atypical variants of AD, such as: the logopenic variant of Alzheimer’s disease (LvAD), the visual variant of Alzheimer’s disease (VvAD), the apraxic variant of Alzheimer’s disease (AvAD), and the frontal variant of Alzheimer’s disease (FvAD). It also points to the lack of appropriate standardised scales useful for assessing linguistic and communicative functions in Polish-speaking patients. A postulate for a proper adaptation of such tools was made with respect to texts created in a foreign cultural and linguistic tradition. The adaptation would include: 1) cultural adaptation, that is adaptation of cultural scripts (behaviour patterns), which infl uence the shape and dynamics of communication; 2) linguistic adaptation, which allows for the system properties of the Polish language; 3) normalisation, which permits the identification of the relations between the results obtained with the use of the tool and the average results in a given population; 4) confirmation research, which provides for selected variables, such as gender, age or education of the subjects.
Poradnik Językowy
|
2017
|
vol. 745
|
issue 6
39-52
EN
Alzheimer’s disease (AD) is one of neurodegenerative diseases causing progressive and irreversible loss of neurons in various regions of the brain. It is characterised by memory deficits and disorders such as aphasia, apraxia, and agnosia. Cognitive impairment results in deteriorated functioning of the patient with respect to the initial condition to the extent debilitating their everyday functioning. The paper presents the initial results of the research on new types of medications used to treat AD. If, after completing clinical trials, it proves that the new substances stop or significantly slow the progression of neurodegeneration, physical therapists or various specialties, including speech-language pathologists, will deal with a completely new task. This is because in the face of an extremely difficult therapeutic situation, resulting from unfavourable prognosis in AD, the patient’s frequent demotivation, etc., they have endeavoured only to stabilise the patient’s cognitive functions and communication capabilities to this date. Now in turn the therapy’s aim will be to enable the patient to regain a relative independence through stimulation of the natural reconstruction of the damaged functions and teaching the patient how to compensate for the deficits which prove permanent.
EN
Audio description is an additional audio narration track intended primarily for blind and visually impaired consumers of visual culture, including television, fi lm, theatre, opera and fi ne arts. The narrator speaks in a presentation of an (audio)visual work, describing what is happening on the screen or stage during natural pauses in the audio. In the case of performing arts (theatre and opera), the media (television, video and DVD) as well as museums and visual art exhibitions audio description is a form of intersemiotic translation. Audio description translates the visual image into a verbal form that is accessible to thousands of individuals who otherwise lack full access to visual media.
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