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Problem swobodnej żeglugi przez Cieśninę Piławską i Zalew Wiślany w polsko-radzieckich i polsko-rosyjskich negocjacjach

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Kastory A.

Studia Politologica Ucraino-Polona

2016

vol. 6

135-141

Due to the unfavorable course of the boundary line between Poland and Russia in the area of the Vistula Lagoon and the Vistula Spit, Poland’s access to the Gdańsk Bay through the Pilava Strait has been hindered. In 1991, Polish-Soviet negotiations, aimed at agreeing on the rules of navigation through the Pilava Strait and the Vistula Lagoon, were launched. The talks ended in failure, and the Soviet side demanded that its units be granted the right to navigate through Poland’s inland waterways. It was only in 2009 that Poland signed an agreement with Russia, regulating navigation through the Vistula Lagoon; still, as follows from the interpretation by the Polish Ministry of Foreign Affairs, it did not include the Pilava Strait. Consequently, the freedom of navigation through the Vistula Lagoon continues to be dependent on the state of Polish-Russian relations.

THE PRESENCE OF GERMANY IN THE DANUBE COMMISSIONS DURING THE INTERWAR PERIOD (Problem obecnosci Niemiec w komisjach dunajskich w okresie miedzywojennym)

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Kastory A.

Studia z Dziejów Rosji i Europy Środkowo-Wschodniej

2008

vol. 43

75-89

Germany was not part of the post-world war i international Danube commission or the European Danube commission, but Bavaria and Württemberg acted as members of the former as states situated on the river. Once the resolutions of the Weimar constitution restricted the rights of the German lands in favour of a federation, there arose the problem of the Bavaria and Wuerttemberg delegates. The controversy about the character of the German delegation was settled by a political agreement, but in 1934 it flared up once again once the Reich assumed the rights of the German lands. Germany claimed that the delegates, who had at their disposal two votes, had represented the state in the international Danube commission and it intended to preserve this state of things. The remaining commission members protested against granting the two votes, and proposed a political convention dealing with the German delegation in the commission or a resolution of the controversy by the Hague Tribunal. Germany preferred to benefit from the existing conflict by severing all cooperation along the Danube; in 1936 it renounced the clauses of the Versailles Treaty concerning international rivers and withdrew its representatives from the commission. At the same time, Germany suggested changing the principles of controlling navigation on the Danube predominantly by excluding the non-Danube states (France and the United Kingdom) as well as depriving the danube commissions of their political character. After leaving the international danube commission Germany initiated efforts aimed at joining the European Danube commission. An opportunity for German access was created by the limitation of the European commission, enforced by Romania at the conference in Sinaia (1938). With Italian support, Germany joined the European Danube commission in 1939, thus gaining full control over its section of the river and impact upon navigation in the mouth of the Danube.

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1 Studia Politologica Ucraino-Polona

1 Studia z Dziejów Rosji i Europy Środkowo-Wschodniej

2 Kastory A.

1 2016

1 2008

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Problem swobodnej żeglugi przez Cieśninę Piławską i Zalew Wiślany w polsko-radzieckich i polsko-rosyjskich negocjacjach

THE PRESENCE OF GERMANY IN THE DANUBE COMMISSIONS DURING THE INTERWAR PERIOD (Problem obecnosci Niemiec w komisjach dunajskich w okresie miedzywojennym)