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EN
Lusatia from the inside – a society through the eyes of Sorbian teachers, artists and politicians. A short survey based on research conducted in Bautzen and the surrounding area in November 2011Lusatia is a region in the heart of Europe. The Sorbs – a West Slavic nation, people who have lived in Lusatia for more than 1000 years, is not one homogeneous nation, but is divided into Upper and Lower Sorbs, with two dissimilar languages, two religions and two mentalities. I decided to rediscover Lusatia and talk with the people who are Sorbs. A one month stay in Bautzen was possible thanks to financial and scientific support from the Sorbian Institute (Serbski institut / Sorbisches Institut). Examining the past and current situation of the people in Lower and Upper Lusatia, I focused on their language, history and culture. In my studies I did not want to show the external image of the Sorbs, I did not try to create it either. All I wanted was to find out from the Sorbs themselves from which ‘elements’ does their individual identity originate. I was also interested to discover if Sorbs, as the smallest Slavic nation without their own country, feel more connected to a Sorbian origin, or perhaps to German citizenship.
PL
Serbowie łużyccy, nazywani w języku polskim również Serbołużyczanami, to ludność zamieszkująca Górne, Środkowe i Dolne Łużyce. Ten mały naród to pozostałość osadnictwa słowiańskiego na terenie Niemiec Wschodnich (Brandenburgia i Saksonia). Dolne Łużyce leżą obecnie w kraju związkowym Brandenburgia, zaś Górne i Środkowe w Wolnym Kraju Saksonia. Według oficjalnych danych na tych terenach zamieszkuje obecnie około 50 000–60 000 Serbów łużyckich, z tego przyjmuje się, że dwie trzecie rezyduje w Saksonii, zaś jedna trzecia w Brandenburgii. W artykule zwrócono uwagę na kwestie formalnoprawne skierowane na ochronę kultury i języka dolnołużyckiego. Wyprowadzone analizy dotyczą postanowień ogólnych Unii Europejskiej, Niemiec oraz szczegółowych wytycznych przyjętych w Brandenburgii. Akty prawne są ważnym, formalnym sposobem ochrony, którego skuteczność wyraża sposób praktykowania. Niestety w Brandenburgii wiele z istniejących zapisów nie przekłada się na codzienność lub jest wypaczana. Celem artykułu jest podjęcie próby identyfikacji założeń formalnoprawnych z ich realizacją, rozpoznania ograniczeń, ale też dyskusji nad kierunkami poprawy istniejącego stanu. Zastosowano metodę analizy dokumentów.
EN
Lusatian Serbs, also called Sorbs, are people living in Upper, Middle and Lower Lusatia. This small nation is a remnant of the Slavic settlement in East Germany (Brandenburg and Saxony). Lower Lusatia now lies in the state of Brandenburg, and Upper and Middle Lusatia in the Free State of Saxony. According to official data, in these areas there are approximately 50,000 – 60,000 Lusatian Serbs, of which it is assumed that two-thirds reside in Saxony and one-third in Brandenburg. The article draws attention to formal and legal issues aimed at protecting the culture and the Lower Sorbian language. The analyses carried out concern the general provisions of the European Union, Germany and more detailed guidelines adopted in Brandenburg. Legal acts are important formal means of protection, the effectiveness of which is expressed by the way of practice. Unfortunately, in Brandenburg, many of the existing regulations have no proper effect on everyday life or are distorted. The article is an attempt to identify the assumptions with the implementation, to recognize the limitations, but also to discuss the directions of improving the existing state.
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