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EN
Nadezhda Teffi (former Buczynska, born as Lochwicka, 1872-1952) - poet and novelist, one of the most interesting characters in Russian literature of the first half of the twentieth century. In 1920 Teffi left Russia supplying the same community of thousands of Russian immigrants. In Paris, still accompanied by the opinion of eminent satirist, but a poetic works can trace many aspects of the Teffi creative attitude, and especially reflective and nostalgic nature of the emigration work. The experience of exile provoked to think about the country, the world and herself in this world. Similar sentiments reflect the poems included in the books of poetry: Шамрам. Песни Востока (Songs of the East, Berlin, 1923), Passiflora (Berlin 1923) and in the poems published in collective volumes and anthologies. The article analyses the concept of death in the lyrics of Teffi. Semantical structure of this concept includes both objective senses and individual imaginations of the author.
EN
Suicide is, for centuries, a subject of particular interest in various fields, including philosophy, psychology and sociology. The author of this paper takes the “suicide and literature”, in order to examine selected examples of Russian literature. The analysis has highlighted the importance of a variety of typological models of suicides in literary works, as well as the determinants of suicidal behavior of Russian writers. Taken considerations include the spiritual, creative, social and socio- political aspects.
PL
W artykule omówiono zjawisko wykorzystania w języku publicystycznym tekstów precedensowych. Na wybranych przykładach pokazano rolę, jaką pełnią teksty precedensowe w rosyjskich tekstach publicystycznych. Na podstawie analizy tego typu tekstów wprowadzono typologię z uwagi na ich źródło i sposoby wykorzystania.
EN
The contemporary discourse in the media in Russia is characterized by its high degree of saturation with intertextuality. Describing this phenomenon Russian linguist Yuri Karaułow introduced the term "precedent text " (прецедентные тексты) into a wide scientific circulation. He understood it as a well-known and understandable text, in literary works, essays, videos, proverbs etc., to which the interlocutors link in the situation of communication with other people. Thus, such texts form a special canon in a given language area. Using a descriptive method and statistical analysis the author has analyzed the phenomenon of precedent texts in selected examples from the Russian press. This paper deals with the stylistic specificity and the organization of journalistic texts using precedent titles.
EN
Increase in emigration, family reunification, the opening of borders, etc. Due to these processes, there have appeared issues with community interpreting occurring in various institutional contexts, between participants of unequal status. In this unique act of communication, a translator becomes an active participant in roles ranging from a negotiator to a lawyer. The author of the article attempts to specify the needs of community interpreting while at the same time defining it. She focuses on the community interpreting specifically for Russian‑speaking refugees.
EN
From the history of Polish-Russian literary relations (correspondence of Maria Dąbrowska and Jerzy Stempowski)
EN
This article draws attention to the issue of translating dramatic texts in the context of contemporary translation practices and to its essential role in the construction of the international cultural community. The status of the theater translator and specific linguistic or cultural problems are investigated based on the example of Polish translations of contemporary Russian playwright Yevgeni Grishkovetz’s work. The collaboration between the translator and the theatre is described as well as the factors affecting the final shape of the stage text and the difficulties involved in translating the works of the aforementioned author. An attempt is also made to examine the thin line between translation and adaptation. The analyzed material suggests that, rather than opting for the philological fidelity to the original, the translators desired to ensure the playwright’s works a “timeless” life on stage historically and artistically.
EN
This article recalls the circumstances of the first edition of the novel by Boris Pasternak, Doctor Zhivago, in Polish translation, which appeared in 1959 in volume XLIV of the Biblioteka ‟Kultury” series, published by the Paris Literary Institute. Reconstruction of the history of this publishing initiative in the context of the political situation is possible thanks to historical sources preserved in the Paris and Warsaw archives, publications in periodicals, memoirs and epistolary culture. The circumstances in which the typescript was imported to Poland and in which the Literary Institute obtained a license for a Polish translation, the choice of translator, and Jerzy Giedroyc and Gustaw Herling-Grudziński’s correspondence are discussed. An important source of information is the lively correspondence between Maria Dąbrowska and Jerzy Stempowski, the son of a publicist and social activist, and Mason Stanisław Stempowski, a longtime life partner of the writer. The fragments of epistolary culture discussed here allow a better understanding of these outstanding individuals of the twentieth century. The content of the correspondence analyzed also allows us to reconstruct many interesting facts from the field of translating Russian literature into Polish, as well as the complex situation of Polish-Russian relations in the post-war period.
EN
The fantastical and devilish qualities of The Master and Margarita by Mikhail Bulgakov created a need for the adequate means of expression. Therefore, the phraseological units are the most representative group, as they belong to the more colloquial part of language, and have a more familiar stylistic tone. The units with the words “chort” or “devil” are the most significant, therefore they were analysed in depth from the point of view of the translation theory. To exemplify the aforementioned phenomenon, the author refers to two sources: the canonical translation of The Master and Margarita by Irena Lewandowska and Witold Dąbrowski, which is still present in the consciousness of the Polish reader, and the newer version authored by Andrzej Drawicz. The comparative analysis of the selected material indicates that the authors of both translations preferred to use the phraseological units which differed in structure or the lexical composition from their Russian counterparts. However, the juxtaposed “translation equivalents” indicate the similarities in which Polish and Russian language capture our reality.
EN
In 1921-1923 Berlin was a centre of Russian emigration. Many poets and writers from Russia, like Maksim Gorki, Aleksy Remizow, Andriej Bieły, Ilja Erenburg, Aleksy Tołstoj, Władysław Chodasiewicz, Borys Pasternak, and for a short time also Marina Cwietajewa and Siergiej Jesienin, connected their life with this city. It was just in Berlin where was working one of the most interesting and the most intriguing writer of XX century (1922-1937) - Vladimir Nabokov. These period was characterized for him not only by happy moments (first love, marriage, birth of son), but also by tragic ones (death offather). His stay in Berlin marked out really important stage in creativity of Nabokov. It was theplace of his debut in the pages of Berlin’s newspaper “Руль” in 1921, in which he published his first poems under the pseudonym Sirin. In Berlin Nabokov wrote his first story and first novel. Itwas where he achieved his fame and formed his unique style of writing. Nabokov’s emigrant prose from 20’s constitutes an extraordinary guidebook to Berlin. In his art pieces he recreated the topography of Berlin by using architectural codes. Most often he related the code of home to a closed, domestic and peaceful circle. It is a circle tight in the meaning of space, but profound in the meaning of sensations. The lack of real home was a reason to lookingfor surrogate and it effected disorientation in the world in which poet had no place. The city hasa role of open, then foreign and hostile space. Here for the most part we can see the code in the shape of street or houses in city. This kind of code used by Nabokov, but also by other emigrantpoets, creates a feeling of disharmony, artificiality and unnaturalness.
EN
The author pays attention to the Polish-Russian literary contacts after 1917. The subject of critical analysis is the translation heritage of Y. Tuvim – polish poet, writer and translator, participant of the literary club “Little Lodge in Kolomna”, founded in Warsaw by D. Filosofov. Y. Tuwim is better known as the translator of A. Pushkin, V. Mayakovsky by todays readers However, in his rich heritagethere are also works of Russian emigrants: L. Gomolitsky, N. Evreinov, V. Khodasevich.
EN
Since the first years before the post-revolutionary emigration („the first wave”), the problem of the special assignment given by history appeared. Authors of the emigration literature understood its mission differently, however, they did agree on this one point: the principle of artistic freedom is the underlying reason for the emigrants’ literature. Alluding to Nina Berberowa’s wellknown formula, it is not about exile, but about the mission. Spiritual values of the „mission” of the Russian diaspora are becoming a part of the national culture in contemporary times.
EN
The questions of protecting native African languages and cultures as the main components of ethnocultural identity in Sub-Saharan Africa are dealt with. Language policies in relation to the languages of former metropolises depending on the language of state governance are compared. The reasons and causes of failures connected with attempts by newly independent African regimes to replace European languages in the main spheres of state and public life with native African languages are considered. The role of education in maintaining and developing local languages and cultures is shown.
EN
This article explores the concept of the SOUL based on slang and prison culture. The starting point for the argument is the belief that the soul symbolizes the man and his inner being (from the presence of high moral and ethical qualities to statements of spiritual death) in all cultures, as evidenced by the presence of a large number of phraseological and paremiological units with identical values. The purpose of the study is to consider and characterize the linguistic objectification of the concept of the soul. The conducted comparative analysis allows us to conclude that the perception of this concept among the Slavic and Turkic peoples is largely matching. The concept of the soul in all comparable languages is multilayered, in which cognitive traits are reflected, corresponding to the semantic components of the tokens representing it. The presented variety of semantic and conceptual variations facilitates the modelling of a wide interpretation field of this concept.
EN
From time, when verses begun to be written down, sound involuntarily began to be united with the letter, but if to remind hieroglyphic literature, also with the picture. Does not surprise therefore fact, that with the flow of time appeared verses, exclusively adjusted on optic reception. Among them particularly popular fixed itself acrostic - versified compositions, in which certain from the columns of letters, syllables or words created additionally the all words, sentence or opinion. Most often such columns are read from the bottom, from the top, or alternatively, were created by the first or last succeeding letters of the verse, or also could be described through so called middle, that is to say other elements of the verses inside division. In Russian literature acrostic were applied from 17th century. In the former history of literature acrostic did not enroll as the kind of high literature, at least examples we can find in poetry of S. Połocki, W. Brusow, I. Siewierianin, N. Gumilow, B. Pasternak and many other Russian poets. As a consequence of these past methods to the sphere of refined poetry and poetic tricks, and in such state are found up to now. In principle acrostic in this form, in what it still existed, was used up. However in new poetry acrostic can renew itself in the new quality within the framework, for example, of non logical verse. Besides that, the practical use of acrostic has large perspectives. We can suppose, that this form of poetic recording has before itself future in the sphere of dedication, greetings and advertisings.
18
32%
Afryka
|
2014
|
issue 39
160-161
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