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Ale však – však ale v dějinách češtiny

100%
Kosek P.
Naše řeč (Our Speech)
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2013
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vol. 96
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issue 4
181-197
EN
The subject of this study consists of two compound connectives, „ale však“ and „však ale“, (“but however” and “however but”) which were present in older forms of the Czech language and which persisted into the National Revival era, but which were eventually rejected by modern Czech. The study focuses on the order of the two components of the connectives. The author analyzed data from secondary literature, old grammars of Czech, diachronic corpora and a private corpus of Baroque Czech texts. On the basis of this analysis, it was found that the change in the order from „ale však“ to „však ale“ took place in the 18th century (after 1710). This change is connected to the fact that 1) „ale“ began to fill non-initial positions in the clause from the 18th century onwards, and 2) „však“ was not an enclitic. The rapid spread of „však ale“ dates from the 18th century and it continued during the National Revival period. This can be viewed as evidence of the uninterrupted continuity of Standard Czech between the Baroque period and the National Revival. If Standard Czech had experienced a hiatus between these two periods – as is traditionally assumed – only the form „ale však“ would have occurred in the language of the first half of the 19th century.
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Die Interpunktion im Gesangbuch Jesličky Staré nové písničky von Fridrich Bridelius

100%
Kosek P.
Studia z Filologii Polskiej i Słowiańskiej
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2012
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vol. 47
EN
The punctuation of the hymn-book Jesličky. Staré nové písničky by Fridrich BrideliusThe article is focused on analysis of the punctuation of the Early Modern Czech printed hymn-book Jesličky. Staré nové písničky (1658), which was collected by Fridrich Bridelius. The analysis is concerned both with the punctuation inventory in the hymn-book and with the rules that influence their distribution. The development of Czech punctuation, which has been yet analyzed superficially, is characterized by the competition of two principles: grammatical principle that connects punctuation with the syntactic and semantic structure of a sentence, 2. rhetorical principle that connects punctuation with the speaking form of a sentence, esp. with the pause. So the main goal of this article is to discover how is this conflict reflected in Jesličky. The article also analyzes how is the punctuation influenced by the musical matter of the printed hymns, which is a new moment in discovering history of Czech punctuation.
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Proč (někdy) nemíchat texty aneb Text jako možná výchozí jednotka lingvistické analýzy1

51%
Čech R., Kosek P., Mačutek J., Navrátilová O.
Naše řeč (Our Speech)
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2020
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vol. 103
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issue 1-2
24-36
EN
The paper deals with two important questions in linguistic research: 1) What do we actually model when we model language usage? and 2) What is an appropriate sample or ‘text unit’ for the analysis of language usage? In the beginning, we critically discuss several approaches to the analysis of language behaviour. Then, we introduce the most important characteristics of both Zipf’s linguistic theory and synergetic linguistics. We focus in particular on the aspects of these theories which are connected to the above-mentioned questions. Specifically, we emphasize that one of the fundamental features of these theories is the assumption that there are linguistic laws which govern human language behaviour and which can be best detected by observing the language behaviour of an individual (in a particular context). As a consequence, if the goal of the research is to examine laws of this kind, the individual text is used as a basic unit for the analysis. The mixing of texts can, in some cases, lead to the “concealing” of the laws, as is presented in an example. We also offer another example which shows how characteristics of the same law (in this case, the Menzerath-Altmann law) differ in different texts. Finally, we emphasize that using individual texts in linguistic research is but one possible approach to analysis, i.e. we do not attempt to make it a linguistic research dogma.
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