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EN
Published in 1925–1926 at Łuniniec in Polesie Krasnoye Znamya was the only Russian-language paper of the Polish Socialist Party (PPS) in the interwar period. Its circulation fluctuated between 1500–2000 copies. Most of its articles were written by editor-in-chief and Sejm deputy Stanisław Wolicki. The paper ran into difficulties after launching a campaign of criticism against the local administration; nor could the championing unrealistically radical causes halt its rapid decline. When Wolicki became embroiled in a financial scandal, its fate was sealed.
EN
The aim of this article is to summarise the current state of academic research regarding revolutionary peasant parties in the Second Polish Republic: the Independent Peasant Party (IPP), Union of Peasant Left “Self-Help” and Belarussian Peasant and Workers “Hromada” that operated in the north-eastern borderlands. These political formations, whose target group was peasants, were crypto-communist. Although officially independent, they were actually agencies of the Communist Party of Poland (CPP) and Communist Party of Western Belarus, which were in turn branches of Soviet intelligence in Poland. These groups aroused greatest interest among researchers prior to 1989 (during the existence of the communist block) due to the fact that Polish historians, members of the ruling Polish United Workers’ Party at the time, monopolised scientific research. Members of the PUWP’s satellite United People’s Party also had the opportunity to work on this issue, but their influence was much weaker. Articles regarding the Hromada were also available; however, much more detailed and important were those written in the Belarussian SSR. Practically in all cases those scientific papers were written in line with the communist ideology that praised the work of these parties. Still, thanks to research in Polish and Soviet archives, we can obtain valuable information about them and their members. After the decline of the communist block the topic has received much less attention from researchers both in Poland and Belarus, except for those who had already worked on it during the communist era and published a few fragmentary articles. As a result, the issue discussed in this article is still waiting for comprehensive and honest scholarship.
PL
Niniejszy artykuł przedstawia historię nielegalnych wydawnictw prasowych Komitetu Centralnego Komunistycznej Partii Zachodniej Białorusi (KC KPZB) wydawanych częściowo bądź całkowicie w języku rosyjskim. We wstępie scharakteryzowano sieć podziemnych drukarni KPZB oraz redakcji, a także nazwiska i pseudonimy działających w nich członków partii. W dalszej części opisano historię grupy rozłamowej (zwanej secesją) oraz wydawanych przez nią organów prasowych, a także historię rozprawienia się z tą grupą przez KC KPZB. Następnie opisano historię kolejnych organów prasowych KC KPZB wydawanych w języku rosyjskim, skład osobowy redakcji, okres wydawania gazet, sposób redagowania, poruszaną na ich łamach tematykę, skalę ich popularności wśród członków partii oraz ocenę ich poziomu merytorycznego przez Komitet Centralny partii.This article presents an overview of the illegal press publications of the Central Committee of the Communist Party of Western Belarus (CC CPWB) written partly or entirely in Russian. The article begins by characterising the network of underground printing and editorial offices of the CC CPWB, as well as the names and pseudonyms of the party members active therein. The subsequent section recounts the splinter group (called „secession”) and its own press releases, as well as the aftermath of its conflict with the CC CPWB. And finally, the article describes the different Russian‑language press titles of the CC CPWB, the composition of their editorial boards, their periods of publication, their editing methods, the subjects raised, the scale of their popularity among party members and the substantive evaluation of their work by the Central Committee of the party.
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