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The new experimentalism and the value of experimental justification in empirical sciences

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Bombik M.
Studia Philosophiae Christianae
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2020
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vol. 56
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issue S2
21-59
EN
This article briefly presents and characterizes a relatively young (nineteen-nineties) trend in methodology, the theory of science – and philosophy, called “the new experimentalism”. The fundamental problem is determined by the question about the value of the new experimentalism and experimental grounds of scientific knowledge in empirical sciences. In the first part of the article, the previous (old) experimentalism is presented. First of all, the history of the experimental method is outlined and the definitions of experiment, object, phenomenon, and of the carried out and analyzed observation are provided. It is shown why the main proposition of experimentalists – “determining a fact based on sensory experience” is fallacious. The second part describes the way in which the representatives of the new experimentalism try to identify and characterize those factors of an experiment that guarantee the objectivity of its result; demonstrate that results are not only determined by psychological, historical, sociological or economic factors but also that they exist in nature as real objects and events. A correct and reliable analysis of the experiment and its results may – according to the new experimentalists – contribute to this conclusion. Therefore, the important role and value of the experimental foundation of social activity in general, and in particular, for the natural sciences, is rightly noted.
2
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Biologiczna definicja śmierci

100%
Bombik M.
Studia Ecologiae et Bioethicae
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2009
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vol. 7
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issue 2
19-29
DE
In dem Ausatz geht es um die biologischen Todesbegrife, die der Rafael Ferber in dem Buch: Philosophische Grundbegrife, Band 2, Kapitel V: Tod, München 2003, 197-227, behandelt. Die biologische Definition des Todes, die von August Weismann stammt. bildet einen Ausgangspunkt zu weiteren Űberlegungen dieses Problems. Es wurde fest betont der Unterschied zwischen einer Todesdefinition und den Todeskriterien, die in der Medizin, als einer praktischen Disziplin, wichtige Rolle spielen. Man hat herasgehebt folgende Todeskriterien: 1. Herztod, 2. Hirntod, 2.1. Ganzhirntod, 2.2. Teilhirntod und 3. Testverfahren – ob die Kriterien erfüllt sind. Die Todeskrieterien kann man auch in einer formaler Gestalt, als eine Operationsdefinition darstellen. Entscheidend ist an den Bestimmungen des Todeskriteriums, daβ das Eintreten des menschlichen Todes heute auf einer Festsetzung beruht. Deshalb ist in der Gegenwart das Eintreten des Todes häufig keine natürliche oder reale Tatsache mehr, sondern eine institutionelle Tatsache, die durch semantischen Regeln konstituiert wurde. Die biologische Todesdefinition ist keine Menschentodesdefinition.
3
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The bases and methodology of deep ecology

100%
Bombik M.
Studia Ecologiae et Bioethicae
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2020
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vol. 18
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issue 5
67-85
PL
Artykuł zawiera systematyczną analizę podstawowych terminów i zwrotów językowych oraz omówienie następujących zagadnień: reformistyczna organizacja ochrony środowiska, źródła ekologii głębokiej i jej podstawowe twierdzenia, wskazania polityczne dla rozwiązania kryzysu ochrony środowiska, struktury organizacyjne ekologii głębokiej.
EN
The article includes the semantic analysis of basic terms and language phrases and synthetic depiction of following problems: the reformist organization of environmental protection, the sources of deep ecology, the basic theses of deep ecology, the political suggestions for solutions of environmental protection crisis, the organizational structures of deep ecology.
4
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Podstawy i metodologia tzw. ekologii głębokiej

100%
Bombik M.
Studia Ecologiae et Bioethicae
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2005
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vol. 3
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issue 1
381-406
EN
The article includes the semantic analysis of basic terms and language phrases and synthetic depiction of following problems: the reformist organization of environmental protection, the sources of deep ecology, the basic theses of deep ecology, the political suggestions for solutions of environmental protection crisis, the organizational structures of deep ecology.
PL
Artykuł zawiera systematyczną analizę podstawowych terminów i zwrotów językowych oraz omówienie następujących zagadnień: reformistyczna organizacja ochrony środowiska, źródła ekologii głębokiej i jej podstawowe twierdzenia, wskazania polityczne dla rozwiązania kryzysu ochrony środowiska, struktury organizacyjne ekologii głębokiej.
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