Search results

1

Odnalezione fragmenty najstarszego kodeksu rękopiśmiennego z klasztoru cystersów w Łeknie-Wągrowcu.

100%

Łukaszewski J.

Biblioteka

|

2015

|

issue 19(28)

31-45

EN

The article summarises the results of a query carried out in the Archdiocese Archives in Gniezno during which five old prints bound in parchment sheets that undoubtedly come from one and the same manuscripts were found. In addition, another query in the font MS “Fragmenty” surfaced the existence of yet two more pages (sheets) from the same manuscript that had been already taken out from the bindings. The codicological and paleographical analyses of the remains of the manuscript show that it must have originated in a Cistercian scriptorium at the end of the twelfth century. The content of the surviving seven sections indicates that they were part of a large-sized collection of homilies (de tempore, pars aestivalis). The four old prints with their bindings including the sheets from the manuscript were once kept at the former library of the Cistercian monastery in Wągrowiec. In conclusion then, it can be stated with a great deal of confidence that the manuscript itself, whose pages had been used for the bindings of the books, must have been included in the collection of the monastery’s library. The resulting conclusion is that the parchment fragments found in the bindings of the Wągrowiec old prints must be remnants of the oldest known manuscript codex from the old Łekno-Wągrowiec abbey.

PL

Artykuł przedstawia efekty kwerendy w Archiwum Archidiecezjalnym w Gnieźnie, w trakcie której udało się natrafić na pięć starodruków oprawionych w pergaminowe karty pochodzące niewątpliwie z jednego rękopisu. Ponadto kwerenda w zespole Ms. Fragmenty ujawniła istnienie jeszcze dwóch kart z tego rękopisu, wyjętych już z opraw. Analizy kodykologiczna oraz paleograficzna pozostałości tego manuskryptu wykazują, że powstał on najwyżej w końcu XII wieku w skryptorium cysterskim. Treść zachowanych siedmiu fragmentów sugeruje, że są one pozostałością po dużych rozmiarów homiliarzu (część de tempore, pars aestivalis). Cztery starodruki, w których oprawach stwierdzono fragmenty rękopisu, pochodziły z dawnej biblioteki klasztoru cystersów w Wągrowcu. Można zatem z dużym prawdopodobieństwem przypuścić, że sam rękopis, którego karty wykorzystano do ich oprawy, wchodził niegdyś w skład biblioteki tego klasztoru. Tym samym pergaminowe fragmenty odnalezione w oprawach wągrowieckich starodruków są pozostałością po jak dotąd najstarszym znanym kodeksie rękopiśmiennym z dawnego opactwa w Łeknie-Wągrowcu.

2

Professor Andrzej Marek Wyrwa (1955–2022), director of The Museum of the First Piasts at Lednica

96%

Linetty J.

Muzealnictwo

|

2023

|

vol. 64

30-35

EN

The date 17 November 2022 marked the death of Prof. Andrzej Marek Wyrwa, a historian and archaeologist, a long-standing professor at the Adam Mickiewicz University in Poznan, and Director of the Museum of the First Piasts at Lednica. Born on 22 March 1955 in Krzyż Wielkopolski, he graduated in history (1978) and archaeology (1981) from the Adam Mickiewicz University in Poznan. Bonded with his alma mater in his scholarly activity, where he worked uninterruptedly as of 1984, he was conferred doctoral degree in 1985, postdoctoral degree in 1996, and became professor in 2004. Having headed the ’Łekno’ Archaeological Expedition in 1982–2008, he conducted excavations at Ł3 archaeological site at Łekno near Wągrowiec which resulted in a spectacular discovery of pre-Romanesque rotunda relics dating back to the Early- -Piast monarchy, of a stronghold, and of a Cistercian monastery founded in 1153. In many aspects that research into the whole settlement complex around Łekno was trailblazing, extensive, and interdisciplinary. Having become Director of the Museum of the First Piasts at Lednica in 2008, over the 14 years of his contribution to that institution he implemented crucial projects enabling its operation. In 2013, he extended the archaeological reserves at Ostrów Lednicki, Giecz, and Grzybowo. He also extended the Dziekanowice seat of the Museum making the dream of generations of Polish scholars and museologists come true: to have Ostrów Lednicki’s Piasts’ heritage proudly manifested. Not so long ago, since on 7 October 2022, together with Prof. Wyrwa we happily celebrated the launch of the new Museum building. Furthermore, his academic legacy contains over 625 academic studies, works for general public, and pieces of feature writing.

3

Profesor dr hab. Andrzej Marek Wyrwa (1955–2022) – dyrektor Muzeum Pierwszych Piastów na Lednicy

96%

Linetty J.

Muzealnictwo

|

2023

|

vol. 64

30-35

PL

17 listopada 2022 r. zmarł prof. dr hab. Andrzej Marek Wyrwa, historyk i archeolog, wieloletni wykładowca Uniwersytetu im. Adama Mickiewicza w Poznaniu i dyrektor Muzeum Pierwszych Piastów na Lednicy. Urodził się 22 marca 1955 r. w Krzyżu Wielkopolskim. Ukończył historię (1978) i archeologię (1981) na Uniwersytecie im. Adama Mickiewicza w Poznaniu. Naukowo związał się z macierzystą uczelnią, na której pracował nieprzerwanie od 1984 r. W 1985 r. obronił doktorat, habilitację uzyskał w 1996 r., a profesurę w 2004 r. Począwszy od 1982 r. aż do 2008 r. na czele Ekspedycji Archeologicznej „Łekno” prowadził badania wykopaliskowe na stanowisku Ł3 w Łeknie koło Wągrowca, które doprowadziły do spektakularnych odkryć reliktów przedromańskiej rotundy z czasów monarchii wczesnopiastowskiej, grodu, a także klasztoru cysterskiego fundowanego w 1153 r. Były to, pod wieloma względami pionierskie, szeroko zakrojone badania interdyscyplinarne nad całym kompleksem osadniczym wokół Łekna. W 2008 r. objął funkcję dyrektora Muzeum Pierwszych Piastów na Lednicy. W ciągu 14 lat pracy w tej instytucji przeprowadził kluczowe dla jej funkcjonowania inwestycje. W 2013 r. zrealizował projekty rozbudowy rezerwatów archeologicznych na Ostrowie Lednickim, w Gieczu oraz Grzybowie. Przeprowadził także rozbudowę siedziby muzeum w Dziekanowicach, realizując marzenia pokoleń badaczy i muzealników o tym, aby godnie prezentować piastowskie dziedzictwo Ostrowa Lednickiego. Niedawno, bo 7 października 2022 r., wspólnie z Profesorem cieszyliśmy się z otwarcia nowego budynku muzealnego. Na dorobek Andrzeja Marka Wyrwy składa się ponad 625 prac naukowych, popularnonaukowych i publicystycznych.

4

Wczesnośredniowieczny srebrny skarb z Tarnowa (Łekna). Informacje na temat jego odkrywania

82%

Wyrwa A. M.

Studia Lednickie

|

2014

|

vol. 13

95-111

EN

The silver hoard from Site Ł5 in Łekno, the Wągrowiec Commune, which was discovered in 2007 and which was subsequently examined up to 2014, is a scattered one. As a consequence of ploughing and denudation, it was dragged over a quite vast area (see Fig. 5). It constitutes Part III of a hoard which was discovered here in 1861 by Wojciech Jankowiak and Antoni Łukaszewicz. Based on our findings, it can be said beyond doubt that it was found in the field of A. Łukaszewicz (Figs. 2, 3, and 4). Its Part II was gathered as a result of the activities of “treasure hunters” in 2004 [Bogucki 2006b]. This hoard (Parts I–III), as it can be said, based on hitherto preliminary findings (examinations are still in process), was deposited in a “trade settlement” situated to the west of the suburbium and the stronghold at Sites Ł3 and Ł4 in Tarnowo Pałuckie—that is, Medieval Łekno (see Figs. 1 and 2) in the late 10th c.—or in the first five years of the 11th c. at the latest. It occurred in the layer of humus and in the upper zone of Cultural Layer I (Trenches I, II, and III—cf. Fig. 5). It is a scattered-type hack-silver hoard. In the years 2007–2014, in the course of surveys and excavations, more than 630 finds related to the discussed hoard were discovered. Together with its 19th c. part (Part I) and Part II from 2004, it contains more than 841 finds. The contents of Part III of the hoard, discovered in 2007–2014, include: whole and fragmented coins, fragments of silver and cast lead/silvered jewellery, silver clumps, and wires. Concerning the coins, there are: Arabian dirhams (hacked) from the Abbāsid, Sāmānid and possibly Buvaihid?, Hamdānid?, and Ziyārid? dynasties (dated to between c. 815 and c. 976, according to the analysis by D. Malarczyk); silver coins (whole and fragmented)— according to a preliminary analysis by Z. Bartkowiak, they are West European: German denars of Otto and Adelheid, Heinrich, Otto, denars from the Cologne mint (?), Bavarian denars; Danish half-bracteates (Hedeby); denars of the Bohemian type, including a hybrid of a Bohemian denar, cross denars of Type I; Byzantine coins of Constantine VII and Roman II (945–959). A hitherto unknown hybrid of the Princes Polonie denar of Bolesław the Brave is also related to this assemblage [Bogucki 2006b, p. 181–182 ff.) The silver hoard from Tarnowo Pałuckie (Łekno) is a very significant find for defining settlement changes in the centre of the Łekno settlement complex, its settlement, economic-trade and architectural-construction structures, as well as for broader cultural phenomena within Greater Poland and its relations to the European cultural circle. All the finds from Part III of the hoard (coins, jewellery, silver clumps and wires, other finds) underwent detailed numismatic and art history studies, as well as specialist examinations—detailed non-invasive metallographic examinations and conservation ( J. Strobin and M. Sawczak). The results of these examinations and the hoard itself (the catalogue with specialist examinations) will be published in a separate monograph devoted to this discovery after all the examinations are completed. Apart from the planned monograph, details of a 9th c. sword scabbard chape from this hoard have already been published [Wyrwa, Janiwski 2014].

5

A.D. 966. Chrzest księcia Mieszka. Dylematy naukowe i znaczenie tego aktu dla przemian kulturowych na ziemiach polskich. Zagadnienia wybrane

55%

Wyrwa A. M.

Studia Lednickie

|

2016

|

vol. 15

19-72

EN

This paper provides a general overview of selected sources and ideas functioning in Polish historiography on the baptism of Duke Mieszko I and the early stages of the Christianization of the Polish lands. The issue has long been debated by historians specialising in different fields, and new hypotheses and interpretations are still formulated. As part of this unfinished discussion, this paper seeks to make some general comments on some of the most lively discussed questions. Understandably, the hypotheses presented in the paper do not unravel all the mysteries and issues are still pending further research. The baptism of Duke Mieszko I, and thus the symbolic baptism of Poland, coincided with a moment of an intense expansion of Christianity in Europe (Fig. 1). Regardless of its religious, political and cultural significance for the next generations of rulers, nobles, prelates, chroniclers, historians, writers, artists and many others, the baptism has always been a great inspiration for various creative undertakings. The origins of historical reflections on this act can be found, e.g., in the chronicles of Thietmar or Gallus Anonymous. The latter rendered the events of this Holy Saturday of 966 in a very colourful and symbolic way, approximately 150 years later. In his chronicle, Gallus Anonymous noted, e.g., that just as Duke Mieszko was healed from blindness as a child, so having married a Bohemian Duchess Dobrawa, Mieszko — as a prudent and foresighted ruler — accepted baptism. The baptism freed him and his subjects from the blindness and darkness of paganism, giving them in return the clarity and truthfulness of the new faith. Although the very act, its exact date and location, as well as its cultural and civilization- bearing role are still subjects of heated debate among historians specialising in various fields, there is no doubt that it marked the beginning of a new phase in the connection between the Polish lands and the European cultural circle. At first, the process of Christianization involved merely a small circle of the society. The establishment of Christianity in the whole area of Poland was a very long process, characterised by varying dynamics and completed — using a variety of means — not earlier than at the end of the thirteenth century. Nevertheless, Mieszko I’s baptism inscribed our lands into the circle of Christian Europe in perpetuity. What did the adoption of Christianity mean for Poland? Through the introduction of the Christian faith, regardless of its initial kinks (in the 1030s), the Church strengthened the position of the ruler, offered him a divine legitimacy and made him an equal partner in the family of the Christian rulers of Europe. Christianity introduced also new, previously unknown cultural elements. These were, for example: — a new concept of God, the world and the place of humans within it; — the opening of expanded international contacts in the secular and ecclesiastical sphere; — bringing religious orders, such as the Benedictines, later Cistercians, Canons Regular, mendicant orders and others. These, as in Europe, actively participated in the shaping of the new economic and cultural image of the Polish lands, irrespective of their spiritual duties; —Latin, a universal language and alphabet associated with the circle of the clergy, and the princely chancellery; — a new way of measuring time (a calendar and related holidays and liturgical celebrations); — the inclusion of Christian symbols into the native cultural space, including the symbolism of colours, signs and gestures, the symbols of the natural world, etc.; — scriptoria, book and wall painting; — various worship and liturgy-related objects, such as, e.g., frescoes, the statues of saints and patron saints, reliquary boxes, liturgical combs, signs of episcopal dignity, patens, chalices, bowls, crosses, bells, suspended canopy lighting, etc.; — new architecture, and canons of style and workshops (the mastery of stone processing, techniques of construction and the preparation of mortars and mosaics); — inhumation took over from cremation as the dominant burial rite, etc. And other things. Slowly but consequently, these elements replaced and sometimes demolished the hitherto prevailing way of perceiving and ordering the world and its evaluation. Therefore, there is no exaggeration in the statements of the ‘revolutionary’ nature of the new faith formulated by scholars. Due to the enigmatic nature of the written sources and an unsatisfactory state of knowledge of, e.g., the earliest architecture related to the Christianization of the Polish lands (especially its more precise chronology), some issues addressed in this paper remain unresolved. However, despite many shortcomings and unexplained hypotheses, there is no doubt that an area in Europe, which since c.1000 came to be called Polonia, became permanently linked to the European Christianitas in the second half of the tenth century. All this started in 966, following previous preparations, due to Duke Mieszko I of the Piast dynasty.

6

Archiwalia poklasztorne, urzędowe, kasacyjne i pokasacyjne w zasobie Archiwum Archidiecezjalnego w Gnieźnie (klasztory powstałe i/lub skasowane przed 1850 r.)

55%

Mizerka J.

Hereditas Monasteriorium

|

2015

|

vol. 6

163-236

EN

The article examines an inventory of monastic records kept in the Archdiocesan Archives in Gniezno. It covers archive documents from the Monastic Records section as well as archival units spread across various fonds in the archives. The Monastic Records section was established in the 1970s following a separation of monastic records from the Archives of the Metropolitan Chapter fonds. The section also encompasses archive documents from the Monastery of the Norbertine Sisters in Strzelno, which were transferred from Strzelno to Gniezno on Cardinal Stefan Wyszyński’s orders in 1961. The remaining part of the inventory is made up primarily of records from the period of dissolutions in the 18th and 19th centuries kept in the Archives of the Metropolitan Chapter fonds as well as records of the various parishes. The whole collection of archive documents is very rich and varied in terms of its contents, and concerns religious orders established in the Archdiocese of Gniezno before the 1850s.

Refine search results

2 Muzealnictwo

2 Studia Lednickie

1 Biblioteka

1 Hereditas Monasteriorium

2 Linetty J.

2 Wyrwa A. M.

1 Mizerka J.

1 Łukaszewski J.

2 2023

1 2016