Search results - CEJSH

1

Poľnohospodárska produkcia na koháryovských majetkoch v Novohradskej stolici po povstaní Františka Rákociho II.

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Szirácsik É.

Acta historica Neosoliensia Vedecký časopis pre historické vedy

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2016

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vol. 19

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issue 1

4-33

EN

In the period after the Rákóczi Freedom Fight on the Kohárys’ Nógrád-centred three estates the most significant manor was owned by István Koháry. On his land the ploughlands, meadows and pasturelands were more extensive than on the common family possession and the lands belonging to Koháry Farkas’ sons. Only the undivided landed property and István Koháry’s estate had manorial vineyards probably the latter being the bigger ones. And only István Koháry had a very modest manorial garden. In István Koháry’s manor in Fülek (Fiľakovo) horses, donkeys, cattle and bees were kept. As for András Koháry’s land sources indicate only horses and pigs, while for the common family land only in one year paid horse grooms are mentioned, originally employed on István Koháry’s land. In the estate forests hunting was carried out and mushroom was collected for the landlords. Fees or tenth were imposed on pigs fed on acorn in these forests. Water usage of the estates, however, can hardly be found in documents.

2

Neznámý výrobek cikánských kovářů na Moravě 18. století

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Hanzal J.

Národopisný věstník

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2023

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vol. 40_(82)

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issue 1

115-118

EN

The local Gypsies and the Gypsies coming to the country from Upper Hungary (present- day Slovakia) practiced mainly blacksmith’s trade. They produced a variety of blacksmith’s products, in the production of which guild blacksmiths were not involved or not able to make such products. A funnel for force-feeding geese is a recently identified product of the Hungarian Gypsies.

3

Considerations On Dositej Obradović's Stay And Travels In Italy

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Lazarević Di Giacomo P.

Slavica Lodziensia

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2017

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vol. 1

EN

This paper presents new data related to Dositej Obradović’s stay in Italy and the travels he undertook while he was there. In the period between 1769 and 1780 Obradović visited Trieste, Venice, Padua, Ferrara, Bologna, Florence, Pistoia, Lucca, Pisa, Livorno and Messina and later described these travels in his autobiography The Life and Adventures (1783). Although he is rather sketchy in his descriptions, we nonetheless discover that he became acquainted with a number of interesting fi gures of the day and was witness to contemporary events and phenomena: he tells us, for example, about the provveditore with whom he sailed to Venice and about the Rules of Health promulgated by the Venetian Republic in connection with the plague which was then raging. He also testifi es to the diet of the Venetian navy and the order issued by Catholic authorities prohibiting Orthodox priests from other countries from performing services in Dalmatia. The canale navile, in Bologna was also the object of Obradović’s attention. This artifi cial hydraulic system was a navigable channel making it possible to sail from Venice to Bologna(!) in the past. His descriptions of the heavily travelled road between Bologna and Florence and of the earthquake in Messina which took place after his departure for Chios are also interesting historical accounts of the period.

4

Alphabetum Boëmicum (1718): slabikář pro učené

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Koupil O.

Listy filologické (Folia philologica)

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2013

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vol. 136

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issue 3-4

365-382

EN

The aim of this article is to present the contents and accents of anonymously published Prague print Alphabetum Boëmicum (1718 in K. F. Rosenmüller’s publishing house). The book is written in Latin and provides the summarization of the traditional Czech orthography of Bohemian and Moravian printers of the 16th–19th century. The author of Alphabetum relies on the authority of Venceslaus Joannes Rosa’s grammar of Czech (1672). His practical handbook contains special orthographical rules (‘licentia scribentium’) for the scriveners in Czech – in the history of Czech language this is to be regarded as a rare testimony of the reflection of the distinction between the orthography for printers and that for scriveners.

5

Historia prasy w nowym ujęciu (o książce Dzieje prasy polskiej. Wiek XVIII Danuty Hombek)

100%

Chlewicka K.

Annales Universitatis Paedagogicae Cracoviensis Studia ad Bibliothecarum Scientiam Pertinentia

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2017

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vol. 15

402-407

EN

Review article of the book: D. Hombek, Dzieje prasy polskiej: wiek XVIII (do 1795 r.). Kielce:Wydawnictwo Uniwersytetu Jana Kochanowskiego, 2016, ISBN 978-83-7133-668-3, 174 p.

6

Stavba Klášterského mlýna ve Svaté Dobrotivé v letech 1701–1702. Rozbor a edice účtu

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Maur E.

Folia historica Bohemica

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2013

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vol. 28

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issue 1

151-177

EN

A bill for building a mill in Svatá Dobrotivá on the Zbiroh demesne in 1701–1702, which is recorded and interpreted there, provides a unique illustration of building a village mill in the early 18th century and describes its equipment. It shows how estate owners used their position to reduce the price (by employing craftsmen only from their estates, corvée in digging the foundations, collection of stones and transport of material) at the break of the 16th and 17th century. It also serves as a valuable source of terminology used in the contemporary crafts.

7

The Population of Fejér County in the 18thCentury Through the Eyes of Foreign Travellers

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Sztana-Kovács A.

Acta Universitatis Sapientiae, Philologica

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2014

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vol. 5

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issue 2

169-183

EN

Lack of source material makes it difficult to examine the population history of the times of the Ottoman domination in Fejér county. Therefore it is inevitable to use memoirs, travel diaries, travel books and country descriptions penned by foreign travellers. In our study we are following the change of the image of the Hungarians, and the images of other ethnic groups as they appear in the memoirs of foreign visitors. In this paper we compare the descriptions of different ethnic groups inhabiting the county in the 18th century. We are interested in the following questions: first, how much of these descriptions are based on personal experience; secondly, to what extent these books reflect their authors’ experiences or they are rather influenced by stereotypes of their age or earlier periods

8

„Prosta mowa” w tekstach o charakterze religijnym XVIII wieku (na podstawie wydań trebników w drukarniach bazyliańskich)

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Getka J.

Acta Neophilologica

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2016

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issue 18/2

129-139

EN

This article analyzes fragments of texts written in the prosta mova found in trebnyks printed by the Basilians. These fragments testify to the presence of the prosta mova in the church. They also confirm the opinions concerning the faint understanding of the Church Slavonic language by ordinary followers. In order for the faithful to able to consciously participate in various sacraments, the texts contained in the trebnyks were adapted to local language reality. The Basilian trebnyks that are subject to analysis in this article (except for the one printed in Supraśl) are very similar to the Orthodox Trebnyk by P. Mohyla, referred to here as relevant to the context of the problem. The fact that the Basilians followed Mohyla’s pattern so eagerly contradicts the emerging theories that the Basilian Order was engaged solely in the Polonisation activities.

9

Cathérine Le Grand dans les écrits de Charles-Joseph de Ligne

100%

Pychowska J.

Studia Romanica Posnaniensia

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2012

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vol. 39

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issue 1

41-48

EN

Charles-Joseph de Ligne (1735-1814), a Wallon and European Prince, subject of the Austro-Hungary Empire, a heartbreaker of the French Europe, is considered the most famous representative of literary cosmopolitanism. War, love and writing were inseparable in his life. He took part in numerous military campaigns, serving both Austria and Russia, as a Russian colonel, a commander of the order of Maria Theresa, and an Austrian fi eld marshal. He authored various texts related to war; he admired heroism of Charles II, Conde, the tactics of Frederick II, the strategies of Napoleon, Catherine II. The latter was immportalized in de Ligne’s various texts representing different literary genres. The Prince was clearly fascinated by the Empress, and he depicted her in a positive light as an educated person, both agreable and determined. Can we, however, talk about the documentary character of his work ? Instead, the Prince seems to be a documentalist-interpreter.

FR

Charles-Joseph de Ligne (1735-1814), a Wallon and European Prince, subject of the Austro-Hungary Empire, a heartbreaker of the French Europe, is considered the most famous representative of literary cosmopolitanism. War, love and writing were inseparable in his life. He took part in numerous military campaigns, serving both Austria and Russia, as a Russian colonel, a commander of the order of Maria Theresa, and an Austrian field marshal. He authored various texts related to war; he admired heroism of Charles II, Conde, the tactics of Frederick II, the strategies of Napoleon, Catherine II. The latter was immortalized in de Ligne’s various texts representing different literary genres. The Prince was clearly fascinated by the Empress, and he depicted her in a positive light as an educated person, both agreable and determined. Can we, however, talk about the documentary character of his work ? Instead, the Prince seems to be a documentalist-interpreter.

10

Kontakty interpersonalne staropolskich podróżników stanu duchownego

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Rok B.

Saeculum Christianum. Pismo Historyczne

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2017

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vol. XXIV

198-215

EN

The text presents different types of interpersonal contacts in the course of the journey based on Polish clergymen’s travel reports from the 18th century. The clergy establish numerous contacts primarily with other encountered travelers of their state. Also, information about meetings with peregrines and people on subsequent stages of the journey can be found. Interesting, contacts include Poles and important people of that time. It is important to emphasize the assertiveness of clergy travelers and their openness towards representatives of foreign nations.

11

„Pomoc nie tylko dla zgromadzenia mego…” Działalność edytorska benedyktynek wileńskich za rządów ksieni Franciszki Anny Wołłowiczówny

89%

Gwioździk J.

Śląskie Studia Polonistyczne

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2017

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vol. 10

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issue 2

68-91

EN

At the end of Saxon times and in the king Stanisław period, the Benedictine monastery in Vilnius was a community of people who used various types of prints; in accordance with the patterns of behavior and communication habits characteristic of the feminine contemplative community. The merits of Wołłowiczówna were twofold: she initialized the creation of the texts and she resumed and subsidized prints, which were published for the use of the monastery and to meet the religious needs of the society. The created texts were mainly works in the field of theology of spirituality, which certified the role of the written word in the monastery, and normative as well as formative works, which were used in the internal circulation of the monastery (and in other monasteries of various rules). The translated and native ascetical literature and brackish texts, however, were made available not only to the Benedictines, but also to the public. Also,occasional prints were published: those created and maintained the monastery’s bonds with the clergy and the local society and, at the same time, documented important events in the life of the community.

12

Jean Emmanuel Gilibert i Francuzi w Polsce i na Litwie w latach 1770-1780

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Beauvois D.

Kwartalnik Historii Nauki i Techniki

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2015

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vol. 60

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issue 1

7-16

EN

The author is trying to remind us of great role of French culture and French people in spreading the ideas of Enlightenment in Poland. Common use of French language in high societies in 18th century and excellent knowledge of books from Paris created favourite conditions for contacts of Poland with France. The best evidence of common culture of Enlightenment was the Commission of National Education (KEN) and the deep social changes. The direct contacts of French thinkers, writers and scientists with Poland also caused the changes of horizons of aristocracy and gentry. We will remind the main animators of this movement followed A. Jobert. J.E. Gilibert takes a very important place among the animators of Enlightenment. Author intends to present the phases of knowing him, generally mentioning the main conclusions of many research on Gilibert. At the same time author leaves to next speakers a detailed analyze of Gilbert’s contribution to the development of Polish science

13

Matki córkom. Kobiece pisanie w czasach saskich

88%

Maciejewska I.

Prace Literaturoznawcze

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2018

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issue 6

9-22

EN

This article presents the characteristic features of women’s writing in Poland during the reign of the House of Wettin, as observed in texts addressed by women to their daughters. They contain advice, recommendations and blessings given at an important moment in the addressee’s life – at her birth or when she is getting married. As upbringing and family matters were, according to the traditional mentality, within the domain of women’s activity, female authors of the first half of the 18th century probably assumed that they had a voice in that sphere. This article refers to both texts published in print and popular with readers – by Barbara Sanguszkowa or Franciszka Urszula Radziwiłłowa – and those which, to this day, have remained in manuscript – by Konstancja Gnińska and Karolina Urszula Lubomirska. The analysis of these works is oriented at indicating their typical content resulting from the convention as well as manifestations of an individual approach to the topic.

14

Nazwy wykonawców zawodów i rzemieślników w XVIII- -wiecznych inwentarzach dóbr szlacheckich z terenu Wielkopolski

88%

Osowski B.

Białostockie Archiwum Językowe

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2017

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vol. 17

EN

Nomina agentis excerpted from inventories of noble estates in the Wielkopolska region in the second half of the 18th century have been analyzed. The article presents the results of the analysis of differential entries. The analysis was based on lexicographic data gathered in historical dictionaries, dictionaries of modern Polish, and research papers devoted to analogous material from other regions. The researcher took into consideration the level of the language where differentiation of the given units wasmanifested: phonetic, lexical (genetic criteria included), morphological, semantic. An attempt was made to indicate vocabulary from the Wielkopolska region.

15

Maximilianus Venceslaus Schimek – magni vir ingenii, magnaeque industriae, homo eruditus et politicus

88%

Newerkla S. M.

Listy filologické (Folia philologica)

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2014

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vol. 137

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issue 1-2

73-95

EN

Styria-born Maximilian Schimek, the son of an immigrant brewer from Bohemia and his wife, was the polyglot author of several books, articles and maps on various topics, translator and engraver, teacher of Czech in Vienna and elsewhere as well as an important trailblazer of the Czech National Revival movement and the scientific pursuit of Slavic studies in Austria. Schimek’s manuscripts of a comparative grammar and history of the Slavic languages are of great significance to the reflection of the roots and the origin of methodically and scientifically pursued Slavic philology. They help us to obtain a clear idea about the state of knowledge concerning the Slavic languages at the end of the 18th century. We can at the same time clearly show the differences to Josef Dobrovský and his scientific approach in his Institutiones linguae Slavicae dialecti veteris (1822) as well as identify the organically grown developmental stages in scientific Slavic studies. Schimek’s role in this context was one of an eclectic. His main achievement was the condensation of the then current understanding of Slavic studies, but also other subjects. At the same time, he was a politically alert scholar who had his finger always on the pulse of time. In this respect, he can be rightly called a homo eruditus et politicus.

16

ОСОБЕННОСТИ ЛЕКСИКОГРАФИРОВАНИЯ МНОГОЗНАЧНЫХ СЛОВ В «ЦЕРКОВНОМ СЛОВАРЕ» ПРОТОИЕРЕЯ ПЕТРА АЛЕКСЕЕВА

88%

Feliksov S.

Acta Neophilologica

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2017

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vol. XIX/1

147-158

EN

This article discusses features of the lexicographic description of polysemous words in one of the most valuable works in eighteenth-century Russian culture – The Church Glossary by Archpriest Peter Alekseev. It is the first work in the history of Russian lexicography that provides the most comprehensive description of church terms.

17

Maloizvestnyj rukopisnyj vostochnoslavjanskij slovar XVIII veka

88%

Fałowski A.

Rocznik Slawistyczny

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2012

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vol. 61

16-23

EN

The article deals with the handwritten dictionary from the first half of the 18th century, which is kept in the department of manuscripts in the Jagiellonian Library (Ms. Slav. Qu.28 Lexicon slavo-rutenicum). To some extent its title is erroneous. Actually, it is a trilingual East Slavic–Latin–German dictionary – which was not finished, as it had been compiled only till the end of the letter “o”. It consists of 746 pages in the quarto format. S. Strojew recognized Mathurina Veyssière de La Croze (1661-1739) as the author of the dictionary; he was a French orientalist and polyglot, who worked in the Royal Library of Berlin. In the dictionary, East Slavic material is mostly represented by the Church Slavonic language and there are also a lot of Western Ruthenian (Old Ukrainian) words. First of all, the author of this article pays attention to the lexis of the Russian language of that period, in particular to the common words and phrases which still exist nowadays without any changes (for example, блядка, блядун, выблядок, выхухоль, ведьма, вязига, гагара, дышло, задница, лодыжка, лютик, обезьяна, оглобли, оладьи, отек, отпуск, очень), and also to dialect words, which are used just in some restricted areas and have been registered only in the dialect dictionaries of Russian language (for example, байка, байник, балушка, балушник, берсень, борозна, ботник, буга, варадомаи, воробец, воспа). This lexis was systematized and characterized from the viewpoint of restricted areas and analyzed on the base of W. Dahl’s dictionary and the multivolume “Dictionary of Russian Dialects” (“Словарь русских народных говоров”). The compiled list of such words consists of 115 units (letters a-o). The last part of the article is dedicated to the sources of the material (dictionaries and texts), used by the putative author for his lexicon.

18

Mužský odev 18. storočia v zrkadle súdnych písomností z Liptovskej stolice

88%

Nemec M.

Český lid: etnologický časopis (Český lid: Ethnological journal)

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2023

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vol. 110

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issue 1

85-107

EN

The clothing of criminals in the 18th century did not differ significantly from the clothing of the people around them, which is hardly surprising, as they came from their ranks. However, we can see in their clothing a reflection of their professional or social status. For example, it is evident from the clothing of most robbers that they came from a shepherd’s environment. In their clothing, we find components that have been explicitly designated as shepherd’s or were often found on shepherd’s clothing. Various forms of individual decoration are found on trousers and headgear, such as cloth ribbons and beads in particular, and also seashells. As for other categories of criminal, identifying a pattern for such a small number of cases is complicated. However, in general, their clothing contained mostly elements typical of their status or profession. Still, it is clear that even the clothes of the lower social groups were not uniform, and so in descriptions of them we find less common components.

19

Strategie polskich tłumaczy włoskich librett w XVIII wieku

88%

Miszalska J.

Między Oryginałem a Przekładem

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2013

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vol. 22

11-25

EN

Polish dramatic writers of the 18th century very often referred to the European repertoire. The majority of Polish dramas in fact were translations or adaptations of foreign texts. Among Italian sources opera and oratorio librettos were the most important. The paper is an attempt to review Polish translations of Italian librettos in the 18th century, to reconstruct the translators’ motivation and to discover their translation strategies. In the first half of the 18th century a huge part of translated dramas were created by the Jesuits in order to be presented on school stage. Apart from this kind of texts at that time there were also Polish translations whose aim was to accompany performances in Italian language as texts „for reading”. Only in the late 18th century translation were used in performances with original music. Specific circumstances and finality of translations would have a decisive impact on translation strategies which could affect the story, the ideology but also the form of dramas and usually resulted in change of genre. These modifications prove that the translation of theater texts is especially submitted to a pressure of target system cultural context because the target text has to establish a direct contact with the public. Examining the history of translations and the evolution of translator’s approach helps to reconstruct an important share of the history of Polish dramaturgy and to indicate its sources.

20

Obraz islamu w Rzeczpospolitej w XVIII w.

88%

Maśko A.

Przegląd Orientalistyczny

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2015

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issue 3-4

191-206

EN

The end of successive wars between the Polish-Lithuanian Commonwealth and the Ottoman Empire (the treaty of Karlowitz, 1699) and a new peaceful coexistence brought gradually changes in Poland in the 18th century as far as the perception of the Muslim state is concerned. This was also due to cultural transformations – the adoption of the ideas of the Enlightenment and orientalism which came into fashion in Western Europe. At that time, the so-called ‘sarmatian’ ideology and mentality, dominant in Poland in the previous century, were still common. The aim of this article is to answer the question whether the influence of these foreign novelties on the Polish image of Islam was significant. The main sources of knowledge about Islam in Poland in the 18th century are considered to be the published works of prominent Polish authors such as Józef Mikosza, Kajetan Chrzanowski, Franciszek Bohomolec and Ignacy Krasicki. Their descriptions of Muslim beliefs are compared with information from Polish magazines, encyclopaedias, geography textbooks, travel descriptions and diaries from the same century as well as with Polish works dealing with this topic which were written in the previous two centuries, and finally with foreign works about Islam which had won some popularity among Polish readers. Two examples are discussed – opinions about the Prophet Muhammad and the Qur’an. The main part of the article is preceded by a short presentation of the aforementioned cultural changes and followed by a conclusion.

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