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Węzeł kurdyjski. Sytuacja i perspektywy Kurdów w Turcji, Iraku i Syrii

100%

Czapnik S.

Wschodnioznawstwo

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2016

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issue 10

329-347

EN

The aim of this article is to analyze so-called Kurdish problem in three countries with important Kurdish minority – Turkey, Iraq and Syria. Roots of the Kurdish issue are very old, we could found them in the mid-nineteenth-century Ottoman Empire. Now between 25 and 35 millions Kurds lives in the Middle East. Article starts with description of the Kurdish population’s (around 15 millions) fate in Turkey – they faced violent opression, but especially under rule of AKP party, also got some degree of recognition. Kurds in Iraq were subjugate to the Arabization process under Baath Party Rule, but then established autonomy in the northern part of country. Situation of Syrian Kurds was partly o shot of the Turkish and Iraqis politics. Last chapter is devoted to the new phenomenom of Sallafist jihadism (Jabhat al-Nusra, Islamic State in Iraq and Syria), which gives Kurds in Iraq and Syria new.

2

Berberzy na marginesie historii

75%

Vorbrich R. M.

Sprawy Narodowościowe

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2018

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issue 50

EN

Berbers marginalized by history The Berbers belong to a group of “nations without state.” They are divided into a number of factions characterized by their own specificity (dialect and way of life), scattered endemically in Algeria, Morocco, Tunisia, Libya and Egypt (including Tuareg, in Mali, Niger and Mataranka). They all maintain a certain distance to state authorities (especially in Morocco and Algeria), where they are a significant minority, dominated by Arabic-speaking elites.The total number of Berbers is difficult to ascertain because of the ambiguity of the term “Berber” (which results from different degrees of arabization of Berbers). For centuries they have been Islamic, living in the shadow of the Arab population. Little is known about the significant contribution of Berbers to the development of ancient cultures of the Mediterranean and the first centuries of Christianity. Despite their linguistic and cultural Arabization (Islamization), they have maintained their distinctiveness. Manipulated by colonial France within the framework of the so-called “Berber policy,” they were entangled in conflicts with their Arab counterparts in Algeria and Morocco. Berberzy na marginesie historiiBerberzy należą do „narodów bez państwa”. Dzielą się na szereg odłamów odznaczających się własną specyfiką (dialektem i sposobem życia), rozrzuconych endemicznie na terenach Algierii, Maroka, Tunezji, Libii i Egiptu (a włączając w to Tuaregów, także Mali, Nigru i Mauretanii). Łączy ich utrzymywanie pewnego dystansu do władz państwowych (zwłaszcza Maroka i Algierii), gdzie stanowią znaczącą mniejszość, zdominowanych przez arabskojęzyczne elity.Ogólna liczba Berberów jest trudna do ustalenia z powodu niejednoznaczności samego terminu „Berber” (co wynika z różnego stopnia zarabizowania Berberów). Od stuleci zislamizowani, żyją w cieniu ludności arabskiej. Mało znany, a warty ukazania, jest wkład Berberów w rozwój kultur antycznych basenu Morza Śródziemnego oraz pierwszych wieków chrześcijaństwa.Pomimo trwającej stulecia arabizacji językowej i kulturowej (islamizacji) zachowali oni świadomość odrębności. Manipulowani przez kolonialną Francję w ramach tzw. polityki berberyjskiej, zostali oni uwikłani w konflikt ze swymi arabskimi współrodakami w Algierii i Maroku.

3

The Domestication and Arabization of the Bard: Towards the Reception of Shakespeare in the Arab World

63%

Hassoon M. N.

Multicultural Shakespeare: Translation, Appropriation and Performance

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2021

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vol. 23

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issue 38

43-57

EN

Since Najib al-Haddad and Tanyusʻ Abdu’s first Arabic versions of Romeo and Juliet and Hamlet at the end of the 19th century, the reception of Shakespeare in the Arab world has gone through a process of adaptation, Arabization, and translation proper. We consider the process of Arabization / domestication of Shakespeare’s plays since Najib al-Haddad’s adaptation of Romeo and Juliet and Tanyusʻ Abdu’s adaptation of Hamlet, to the achievements of Khalīl Mutran and Muhammad Hamdi. We underline, as particular examples of Shakespeare’s appropriation, the literary response of Ali Ahmed Bakathir, Muhammad al-Maghut and Mamduh Udwan, with a particular stress on Khazal al-Majidi and his adaptations of Shakespeare’s plays. All these writers reposition Shakespeare’s plays in an entirely different cultural space.

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1 Multicultural Shakespeare: Translation, Appropriation and Performance

1 Sprawy Narodowościowe

1 Wschodnioznawstwo

1 Czapnik S.

1 Hassoon M. N.

1 Vorbrich R. M.

1 2021

1 2018

1 2016

Węzeł kurdyjski. Sytuacja i perspektywy Kurdów w Turcji, Iraku i Syrii

Berberzy na marginesie historii

The Domestication and Arabization of the Bard: Towards the Reception of Shakespeare in the Arab World