Search results

1

Louis Kossuth’s letters from Europe to “The New York Times” (1853-1856)

100%

Marczewska-Zagdańska H.

Studia z Dziejów Rosji i Europy Środkowo-Wschodniej

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2012

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vol. 47

EN

Lajos Kossuth Letters written for The New York Times in the years 1853-1856 are short essays commenting on current political, social, ethnic and military events associated with the ongoing Crimean War. Originally entitled Democratic Letters on European Matters and American Policy and then Letters from L. Kossuth, written in exile in England during the Crimean War in Europe, create a very specific series of more than 40 numbered texts in which the Hungarian patriot and the independence activist lectured his point of view, made his reflections, often not without sharp criticism of the great superpowers and the United States, sometimes tinged with a hint of bitter irony and black humor. The primary aim of those Letters, as it seems to be, was not only to bring distant events taking place across the ocean closer to the Americans but also to move consciences, to shake out of indifference, to encourage to more active attitudes and actions towards the Old Continent. Kossuth hoped at the same time that the memory of him, sympathy, enthusiasm and kindness showed to him during his stay in the USA in the years 1851-1852 did not expire and would help him in his arduous educational actions of American society.

2

The Issue of ´Robot´and of Hereditary Subjection at the Vienna Reichstag during the Revolution of 1848

88%

Kladiwa P.

Hospodářské dějiny (Economic History)

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2012

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vol. 27

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issue 1

3-29

EN

This study analyzes the abolition of hereditary subjection and compulsory labour duties (‘Robot’, or ‘Fronarbeit’, or ‘robota’) during and after the revolution of 1848/49. In the summer of 1848 the Vienna Reichstag was the scene of long and heated debates regarding the conditions and mechanisms for the abolition. The study describes these debates and the motivation behind the positions taken by the right-wing and left-wing factions in the parliament. The author then analyzes the law which eventually abolished hereditary subjection and Robot (31 August 1848), including the implementing regulations of 4 March 1849.

3

Archaeologists from Lvov in the formation of European intellectual environment of the middle of XIX – first quarter of XX century (interaction direct and indirect)

63%

Bulyk N.

Acta Universitatis Lodziensis. Folia Archaeologica

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2016

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issue 31

PL

Rozwój nauki nie jest możliwy bez współpracy, wymiany doświadczeń, a nawet przyjaźni między badaczami. Archeologia, która w XIX wieku przeszła długą drogę od hobby do dyscypliny naukowej, nie była pod tym względem wyjątkiem. Jak zauważył J. Pasternak na łamach „Archeologii Ukrainy”, w połowie XIX wieku na Ukrainie działały trzy główne ośrodki archeologiczne – lwowski, kijowski i odesski (Pasternak 1961: 18). W przeciwieństwie do Kijowa i Odessy, Lwów był częścią Cesarstwa Austriackiego, archeologia rozwijała się więc tam podobnie jak w innym ośrodku naukowym Galicji, tj. w Krakowie. Specyfiką Lwowa było współistnienie zarówno ukraińskich jak i polskich ośrodków archeologicznych. Celem autorki jest poszukiwanie aktywności archeologów lwowskich w tworzeniu europejskiej przestrzeni intelektualnej. Analiza dokumentów pozwala stwierdzić, że archeolodzy lwowscy współpracowali z uczonymi z niemal całej Europy (szczególne stosunki łączyły ich z badaczami z Krakowa). Ponadto należy zauważyć, że relacje te pojawiły się nie tylko między instytucjami, ale również na poziomie stosunków osobistych.

EN

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4

Wybrane źródła do dziejów gminy karaimskiej w Haliczu oraz jej prawnej pozycji w Cesarstwie Austriackim w XIX w.

63%

Pawelec M.

Almanach Karaimski

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2021

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vol. 10

75-88

EN

Selection of source materials concerning the Karaim military service obligation in the Austrian Empire in the 19th century. The first annex contains the texts of official regulations exempting them from service with arms. The second annex is the texts of Karaims' public appearances to the authorities. Materials in German and Polish.

PL

Wybór materiałów źródłowych dotyczących obowiązku służby wojskowej Karaimów w Cesarstwie Austriackim w XIX wieku. Załącznik pierwszy zawiera teksty przepisów urzędowych zwalniających ich ze służby z bronią. Drugi załącznik to teksty wystąpień publicznych Karaimów przed władzami. Materiały w języku niemieckim i polskim.

5

Uwarunkowania historyczne roli i statusu języka polskiego w systemie edukacji w Galicji 1. połowy XIX wieku

51%

Zimmermann P.

Poznańskie Studia Polonistyczne. Seria Językoznawcza

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2016

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vol. 23

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issue 2

245-262

PL

During the partitions of Poland in 1772, 1795 and 1815 its southern part was annexed by the Habsburg Monarchy and integrated into the Austrian Empire as the Kingdom of Galicia and Lodomeria. Till the end of World War I the inhabitants of Galicia were citizens of the Austrian Empire and their lives were influenced by the political and social ideology of the Austrian government. One of the most significant changes were connected to the language issue. Austrian or German-speaking officials came to Galicia and so did German as it became the main administrative language. This was also the case for the Austrian education system, which mainly focused on teaching German language as they wanted to integrate the multilingual and multicultural inhabitants of the Austrian Empire under the leadership of the Austrian rulers.This article deals with the issue how the Austrian education system influenced the development and understanding of national consciousness of the Polish population in Galicia in the first half of the 19th century by analysing which role the Polish language played in the primary and secondary school system. This period is important because it shows the main intentions of the Austrian educational system and also because the first important School Laws were passed, which influenced the education system in Galicia for over half the century.This article is structured in two parts. The first part contains an analysis of the most important School Laws. The aim is to show the intentions and the ideology which guided the Austrian government in creating the education system and to analyse which role the Polish language played in it. The second part deals with the actual effects of the Austrian education policy for the young Polish generations of Galicia. This will allow a more realistic interpretation of the influence the education system in Galicia had on building or suppressing the development of a Polish national consciousness. This part includes analyses of school statistics and most importantly memories from schooldays from former Galician school children which gives an inside on the role the Polish language played in the school and in their own lives.

6

Wpływ języka polskiego na rozwój świadomości narodowej młodzieży galicyjskiej w dobie autonomicznej

51%

Zimmermann P.

Poznańskie Studia Polonistyczne. Seria Językoznawcza

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2017

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vol. 24

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issue 1

175-192

PL

After the Austro-Hungarian compromise in 1867 the Galician parliament and provincial administration gained extensive privileges and prerogatives, especially in education. Galicia was the first crownland that had a school council, which was sanctioned already in 1867. After almost a century the ongoing process of Germanization ended as in the following years the majority of German speaking public officials were replaced by Poles and the Polish language became the main administrativ language and the main language of instruction in school. The article describes changes in the school system and shows the role of the Polish language in primary and secondary education during this so-called epoch of Galician autonomy. A comparison of historical documents and memories from schooldays from former Galician school children allows a realistic insight on the role which the Polish language played in the lives of young Galicians. The analysis shows that the Polonisation of the Galician school system effected the development of Polish national consciousness within young Galicians very slowly and not until the beginning of the 20th century.

Refine search results

2 Poznańskie Studia Polonistyczne. Seria Językoznawcza

1 Acta Universitatis Lodziensis. Folia Archaeologica

1 Almanach Karaimski

1 Hospodářské dějiny (Economic History)

1 Studia z Dziejów Rosji i Europy Środkowo-Wschodniej

2 Zimmermann P.

1 Bulyk N.

1 Kladiwa P.

1 Marczewska-Zagdańska H.

1 Pawelec M.

1 2021

1 2017