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1

GRAVES BELONGING TO THE FIRST HORIZON FROM ALBA IULIA-STAȚIA DE SALVARE. DISCOVERIES MADE DURING THE ARCHAEOLOGICAL RESEARCH FROM 1980 AND 1981

100%
Dragotă A., Popescu M.-E., Blăjan M.
Slovenská archeológia (Slovak Archaeology)
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2022
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vol. 70
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issue 1
119 – 152
EN
The present paper discusses the analysis of the 18 graves discovered during the research carried out between 1980 and 1981 at Alba Iulia-Stația de Salvare. The following data is designed to provide additional information on the Transylvanian funerary landscape at the dawn of the Middle Ages. The research carried out at the site mentioned above has revealed some truly remarkable information about an archaeological find that is only partially understood. In terms of the grave orientation, a wide range can be observed so that one cannot highlight a predominant. All 18 uncovered graves present a diverse and numerous funerary inventory: weapons (battle axes, arrowheads, daggers), utensils (flint, knife, blades, steel, skins, burnt spindle whorls), adornments and clothing accessories (buttons, Kecel type buckles, beads, earrings, rings, bracelets, torques, pendants, appliques, coins) and pottery. In addition to these elements, remains of animal offerings deposited at the time of the deceased’s burial were discovered in the sepulchral pits. At the current research stage, it is appropriate to add the graves that are the subject of this article to the 87 found between 1981 and 1985 in the same area. Taking into account elements of rite and ritual, funerary inventory, and other conclusive aspects, one can place the graves within the first funerary horizon dated to the 9th – 10th c., when existed Bulgarian enclave in Transylvania. All these burial finds can be added to those made at Blandiana A and Sebeș (Alba County, Romania) and facilitate the idea that a Bulgarian enclave existed in the Transylvanian area in the 9th – 10th c.
2
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THE CIVILISATIONAL IDENTITY OF THE BULGARIANS:TRADITIONAL AND CONTEMPORARY DILEMMAS (Cywilizacyjna tozsamosc Bulgarów: tradycyjne i wspólczesne dylematy)

100%
Valentin M.
Sprawy Narodowościowe
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2010
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issue 36
77-92
EN
The article deals with the civilisational identity of the Bulgarian people, and the place of the Bulgarians on the civilisation map of Europe. The main problem here is the nature of their civilisational identity: they do not have precise geographical coordinates but they are the result of subjective human perception. In addition, the issue of civilisational identity is a matter of political propaganda. From their historical traditions, the Bulgarians inherited several macro cultural elements, (proto)Bulgarian, Slavonic, Orthodox, Balkanic and European. Considered separately, each of them can form the base required to construct a framework of contemporary Bulgarian identity and its cultural relationship with other nations in Europe. Some of these elements form strong spiritual foci around which are formed their own cultural and civilisational circles. On this basis, the Bulgarian nation enters into various spatial and cultural-historical configurations. Among them, there is a hierarchy, which in today's open society primarily depends on the value and selfdetermination of each person. On the other hand, the interwoven cultural elements on the Bulgarian territory enable some researchers to talk about transitional identity structures - Bulgarian-Slavic, Slavic-Orthodox, Balkan-Slavic, Balkan-European and others. The author also investigates the geopolitical concept of the 'civilisational choice', which is supposed to determine the place of Bulgaria and the Bulgarians in Europe and in the world: is it in the West Euro-Atlantic sphere or in Eurasia?
3

ТРАНСФОРМАЦИИ НА АКСИОЛОГИЧНАТА ПАРАДИГМА ПО ВРЕМЕ НА КРИЗА

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Micheva – Peycheva K.
Slavica Slovaca
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2021
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vol. 56
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issue 3
332 - 339
EN
The article analyses the transformations in the value system of the Bulgarians during the Covid crisis. The thesis is substantiated that people should construct their value axis on the highest value life, at the expense of other important and sustainable values such as communication, freedom, connecting individuals and perhaps the most important value for modern man – free choice. The empirical material of the present study contains 200 associative questionnaires. Half of the surveys analysed in this study were conducted in the first months of the crisis March – April 2020, and the other half – a year later. Based on the associations of the words life, good, choice, evil, significant conclusions have been made for the transformation of some values into anti-values and vice versa.
4
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R. W. Seton Watson a Bulhaři, 1912-1919. (Příspěvek ke vztahům Velké Británie a Bulharska v letech 1912-1919)

100%
Rychlik J., Marzik T. D.
Slovanské historické studie (Slavonic Historical Studies)
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2005
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vol. 30
167-226
EN
The Scottish historian and publicist Robert William Seton-Watson (1879 -1951) was only peripherally interested in the Bulgarians. He visited Bulgaria for the first time at the beginning of June 1913. The second time he visited Sofia in January 1915. The purpose of this trip was to gain Bulgaria's adherence to the Entente, or, at the least, to secure Bulgaria's benevolent neutrality. In the Serbo-Bulgarian conflict over Macedonia and in the Bulgarian-Romanian conflict over southern Dobrudja, Seton-Watson was on the Serbian and Romanian sides. During World War I he also resolutely opposed attempts to conclude a separate peace between Great Britain and Bulgaria. On the other hand, in the territorial conflict between Bulgaria and Greece Seton-Watson expressed understanding for some of Bulgaria's claims, particularly in the case of Bulgaria's claim for access to the Aegean Sea. The following study includes documents as well as a few of Seton-Watson's published articles concerning his relationship with Bulgaria from the papers of Seton-Watson in the archives of the School of Slavonic and East European Studies of the University of London.
5
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ETICKÉ A MORÁLNE PROBLÉMY V ODPOVEDIACH PÁPEŽA MIKULÁŠA I. NA OTÁZKY BULHAROV (NICOLAI I. PAPAE RESPONSA AD CONSULTA BULGARORUM)

63%
Gluchman V.
Konštantínove listy
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2016
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vol. 9
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issue 2
11 – 25
EN
The author has set his article into the context of power-political and religious-political development in the 9th century in Central and South-East Europe where diplomatic, political, ideological and even military-political struggles between the West and the East took place in order to further reigning of the states in this part of Europe. Struggles at religious-political level took place between Rome and Constantinople, at power-political level between Frankish Empire and Byzantium. Bulgaria was one of such regions where the contemporary states of great significance struggled over power. The responses of Pope Nicolas I. to the questions of Bulgarians (Nicolai I. papae responsa ad consulta Bulgarorum) is an important document showing one of the forms of the fight for the primacy between Western and Eastern Christianity. On one hand, these responses provide evidence of the effort of Bulgarians to get religious-political autonomy; on the other hand, they illustrate contemporary state of morality. They can be considered as an interpretation of the fundaments of Western Christian ethics and morality.
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