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1

OPÄTOVNE K TZV. MONOMACHOVEJ KORUNE

100%
Gábriš T.
ARS
|
2021
|
vol. 54
|
issue 2
155 - 169
EN
The paper attempts to summarize and re-assess the current status of research on the so-called Crown of Monomachos, an enamel object found in the territory of Slovakia in the second half of the 19th century. The author presents the most recent polemics as to the authenticity, provenience and the original intention and use of the object, being considered by various authors as a diadem, princely or royal crown, or a triumphal arm-ring. The paper argues in favour of the attribution as a female diadem, plausibly belonging to Anastasia of Kievan Rus – given the universal motifs applied mostly in the eastern part of the Byzantine sphere of influence.
2

BYZANC, VRAP A ČECHY – DVĚ NOVÁ LUXUSNÍ KOVÁNÍ OPASKU ZE STŘEDNÍCH ČECH

100%
Profantová N.
Slovenská archeológia (Slovak Archaeology)
|
2023
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vol. 71
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issue suppl. 3
49 – 60
EN
This paper analyses two extraordinary finds of belt decorations from Černošice and Ratenice in the Middle Bohemia. The gilded massive decorated buckle with beak-like decorated tongue and a buckle-plate decorated by a motif of walking gryphon complemented by tendril in openwork has only one analogy of the gold fitting in Vrap (Albania, depot) – more than 1000 km away. It belongs to the Vrap-Erseke-Velino horizon from the first third of the 8th c. The incomplete openwork cooper-alloy fitting from Ratenice with a motif of a mythical beast (feline?) is also Byzantine in origin and could have gotten to Bohemia through Carpathian Basin, where similar stylization from the first half of the 8th c. rarely appears. On this site, fittings of Late Avar type were found. Both fittings enrich the older group of decorations with ties to the south and south-east and both were imported into Bohemia.
3

THE INTERVENTIONS OF HOLY WARRIORS OF THE CHRISTIAN EAST AND WEST

100%
Horinkova M.
Umění (Art)
|
2006
|
vol. 54
|
issue 6
482-491
EN
The holy soldiers were venerated in the Byzantine Empire as guardians and allies in war. Descriptions of their miraculous interventions in battles most often concern SS George, Demetrius, Theodor Stratelat and Theodor Teron. Interest in the holy soldiers (holy knights) was connected in the Western Christian states with the emergence of chivalrous ideas and with the growing interest in the crusades in the 11th century. The crusaders had a profound respect for St George. Undoubtedly, they picked up the practice of invoking him in battle from the Byzantines. The crusaders also turned to SS Theodor, Mercurius and Demetrius. There are records of the direct intervention of these soldiers in the battles of the crusaders. As the cult of these saints did not have deep roots in the West, it soon vanished after the crusades were over. In the Western Christian states, the patron saints of the land played the role of guardian of the nation, hence guardian in war. From the 11th century on, there are also records of the direct participation of the patron saints of the land in battles. Descriptions of the miracles of the patron saints of the land imitate the Miracula of the Byzantine holy soldiers. Unlike the Byzantine holy soldiers, who were accepted as the patron saints of the ruling dynasties because of the aid they gave in battle, the interventions of the patron saints of the land were the result of their constant vigilance over their nation and their land.
4
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Poza granicami wiary. Anatemy na Jana Italosa

100%
Jaworska-Wołoszyn M.
Filo-Sofija
|
2012
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vol. 12
|
issue 1(16)
83-94
EN
The purpose of this article is to present and discuss the anathemas against John Italos – a relatively little known and controversial eleventh-century philosopher. The anathemas are a source of valuable information about Italos’s philosophy; they complement his works. Undoubtedly, John Italos by taking theology as part of philosophy followed in Greek philosophers’ footsteps. It should be underlined that the synod’s critical attitude concerned especially the following elements of his doctrine: Plato’s influence on his thought, using philosophical arguments and methods in solving the issues of theological nature and putting Hellenic wisdom over the Christian one. On the one hand, it gave the Church an opportunity to publicly condemn studies of ancient philosophy; after his trial in Byzantium (which began in 1076/1077 and ended in 1082) worshipping and preaching Hellenic wisdom equaled acting against the true faith. On the other hand, it is unquestionable that accusations against John Italos did not reflect his true theories and actions. As a result, we have a fundamental question – why was John Italos really condemned?
5

Kilka uwag na temat śmierci Prebuda, księcia Rynchidów

100%
Leszka M. J.
Slavia Antiqua: rocznik poświęcony starożytnościom słowiańskim
|
2005
|
vol. 46
57-62
EN
The article is devoted to the question of the death of Perbundus, who headed the Slavic tribe of Rynchiniens. On the basis of analysis of the testimony of the second part of 'Miracula sancti Demetri', the author comes to a conclusion that Perbundus was executed due to the order of the emperor Constantine IV because he ceased to be guarantee of peaceful relations between Slavic tribes and inhabitants of Thessalonike. His death did not happened before the attack of Slavs on the Thessalonike (as was accepted by the scientists so far) but was its consequence.
6

BYZANTSKÁ RÍŠA A ANTIOCHIJSKÉ KNIEŽATSTVO ZA VLÁDY JÁNA II. KOMNENA (1118 – 1143)

100%
Konečný M.
Historický časopis (Historical Journal)
|
2013
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vol. 61
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issue 2
207 – 225
EN
This contribution is about the eastern policy of the famous Byzantine emperor, John II. Komnenos (1118 – 1143) and his relations with crusaders in the Near East. In the first part the author briefly describes the political situation in the Near East in the 11th century after the accession of the Emperor Alexios Komnenos in 1081 and the development of the city of Antioch. Antioch was one of the most important cities for the Byzantines and to acquire it was a major goal for the Emperor Alexios and his son John II. The main part of this article chronologically describes two campaigns of John II. to Antioch and their results. The sudden death of the Emperor in Cilicia (1143) put a stop to the Byzantine offensive and saved Antioch from occupation.
7

BYZANCIA, SLOVANIA A AVARSKÝ KAGANÁT V OBDOBI VLÁDY CISÁRA FOKU (602 – 610)

100%
Hurbanič M.
Historický časopis (Historical Journal)
|
2010
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vol. 58
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issue 1
3-13
EN
The paper is devoted to the controversial reign of the Byzantine Emperor Phocas (602-610), especially from the point of view of his foreign policy towards the Slavs and Avars. The author evaluates the contemporary and later sources and the latest archaeological evidence. Both types of evidence refute the frequently repeated view that the Byzantine defensive system on the Danube collapsed in the reign of this Emperor.
8
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K PROBLEMATIKE BYZANTSKÝCH IMPORTOV NA ÚZEMÍ VEĽKEJ MORAVY V 9. STOROČÍ

88%
Ivanič P.
Konštantínove listy
|
2016
|
vol. 9
|
issue 1
3 – 10
EN
Contacts between the Byzantine Empire and the territory of Great Moravia started already in the 6th century. A large amount of evidence refers to an influence of Byzantium on sacral architecture, literature and material culture of the 9th century Great Moravia. The main goal of the article is to elaborate on the connection of Byzantium and Great Moravia using the evidence of archaeological findings in the present day Czech Republic and Slovakia (e. g. silk, ceramics, pectoral crosses, coins, jewellery, etc.). As the research has shown, only a few objects were directly made in the Byzantine Empire. Peripheral areas of the Byzantine cultural sphere (e. g. Dalmatia, Istria) had a considerable influence on the territory of Great Moravia, more than Byzantium itself.
9
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Typologie iniciál a základy systému výzdoby středověkých rukopisů I. Pozdně antické, předrománské, byzantské a románské rukopisy (Studie k umělecko historické terminologii středověké knižní malby 3)

88%
Kubík V.
Studie o rukopisech (Manuscript Studies)
|
2012
|
vol. 41
113-241
EN
The paper studies the typology of the initials following the way of construction of their corpus in the mutual ties in the development – departing from the late antique, considering the Byzantine and Pre-Romanesque and Romanesque types. The modifications of the initials are studied together with the changes of their function in the decoration system and in the cultural-historical context. The contribution also studies the changes of the terminology connected with the typology of the initials.
10

Bizancjum w rosyjskiej mysli filozoficznej czasów romantyzmu

88%
Bezwiński A.
Slavia Orientalis
|
2009
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vol. 58
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issue 4
463-480
EN
The acceptance of Christianity from Byzantium by Kievan Rus' meant that a specific model of county's functioning had to be accepted for long centuries. It was an alliance of ecclesiastical and emperor authority, the famous 'symhony' which appered in Rus', and later in Russia, as an increasing submission of the Orthodox to the country. The Russian philosophical notion which reached its intellectual independence in Romanticism had to deal with the Byzantium-Russia problem in some way. It was connected with searching for the identity of the Russians themselves and detemining the future. The first person to point out this matter was Nikolai Karamzin. A mature way of handing the problem was presented by Piotr Chaadaev who evaluated in a negative way not only accepting baptism from Byzantium, but also the consequences of it. The creators of the Slavophil doctrine. Aleksei Khomyakov and Ivan Kireevsky, approached the above in a different way. By analyzing the consequences of the Byzantine heritage on the development of Russia they were looking for positive elements. They stated that by accepting baptism and teachings from Byzantium Russia saved the true and pure Christianity. Simultaneously, a new Empire, Russia, was being built on the fall of an old Empire. The image of Byzantium in Romaticism has two dimensions. The first one is connected with the external functioning of Byzantium, and the second one includes the spiritual dimension - heritage in theology of the Church fathers. According to slavophils it became a part of the theological notion in Rus' and Russia.
11
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CONSTRUCTING THE IMAGE OF BYZANTIUM IN THE 20TH CENTURY: THE RUSSIAN THEME IN THE GREEK “NEO-BYZANTINE” PROJECT

88%
Kamenskikh A.
Konštantínove listy
|
2020
|
vol. 13
|
issue 1
187 - 196
EN
The article examines a specific form of cultural reception. Since the end of the First World War a group of Greek intellectuals (Photis Kontoglou and Nikos Pentzikis in iconography and painting, Dimitris Pikionis in architecture, Basil Tatakis, John Romanides, Christos Yannaras, and John Zizioulas in their philosophical and theological writings) elaborated the forms of manifestation of the principle, which may be characterised as “Neo-Byzantinism”. The author of the article points to the fact that some of the above-mentioned Greek intellectuals found the detailed development of philosophical, theological and artistic aspects of this model in the works of Russian religious philosophers and Byzantinists of the 19th and 20th c. Greek authors “recognised” in the works created by the representatives of “the Third Rome” the cultural model appropriate for “the Second Rome”, perceiving this model as their own. The author of the article seeks to shed some light on the most interesting moments of such perception and – as far as it goes – to describe some key principles of this play of reciprocal reflection of Russian and Greek cultural identities.
12
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FILOZOFIA W BIBLIOTECE FOCJUSZA

88%
Jaworska M., Klementowicz M.
Konštantínove listy
|
2023
|
vol. 16
|
issue 1
11-21
EN
Photius (c. 820 – 891) – a great erudite scholar and a patriarch of Constantinople – became known as the author of one of the best and most important literary works in Byzantium. His writing, known commonly as the Bibliotheca or Myriobiblios, is an invaluable resource of knowledge based on 279 books which he read over the years. Among the many books discussed by the patriarch, it is possible to find theological, philological and historical works, knowledge of which dominates in his codices. There are also a few books on natural sciences, medicine and philosophy. The aim of this paper is to discuss philosophical treatises of which no surviving copies are known to exist or which are known only from Photius’ accounts. Those include works by Boethos, Damascius, Joannes Stobaeus, Nicomachus of Gerasa, Aenesidemus, Hierocles, Theophrastus and the anonymous author of the Life of Pythagoras. Some of the treatises were appreciated by him, while others were considered to be without significant scientific, stylistic or compositional value.
13

SVÄTÝ METOD NA MISIJNÝCH A DIPLOMATICKÝCH CESTÁCH (HISTORICKO-GEOGRAFICKÉ SÚVISLOSTI)

88%
Ivanič P., Lukáčová M.
|
2015
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vol. 63
|
issue 4
649 – 660
EN
Saint Methodius, a native of Thessalonica, was not only one of the leading Christian missionaries and diplomats of the 9th century, but also an active traveller. He undertook several missionary and diplomatic journeys, which are mentioned in contemporary sources. The paper analyses his journeys to the Khazars, Great Moravia, Rome and finally in 881 to Byzantium. We trace the possible routes and the times it would have taken for Methodius to complete the journeys.
14
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JĘZYKOWY OBRAZ BIZANCJUM W POLSZCZYŹNIE DAWNEJ I WSPÓŁCZESNEJ

75%
Skorupska-Raczyńska E., Rutkowska J.
Konštantínove listy
|
2020
|
vol. 13
|
issue 1
144 - 154
EN
Examining the linguistic picture of the world is a major field of research in Slavic linguistics, whose aim is the analysis of experience, norms, rules and value judgements assigned to interpersonal communication – with regard to their reflection in lexis, phraseology or literature. We aim to present and assess the ways of linguistic picturing of the terms Byzantium and Byzantine over the years of their presence in the lexis; i.e. since their early conceptualisations in the Polish language and culture to the present day, thus in the diachronic and synchronic perspective. The research involves various styles of the Polish language: basic, careful (scientific, artistic, religious) and colloquial, with reference to anthropocentric perception of the reality and its linguistic interpretation. In the research process, we used the methods of excerption, analysis and synthesis, as well as an interview.
15
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STARORUSKIE MOTYWY W TWÓRCZOŚCI PAWŁA FLORENSKIEGO (1882 – 1937)

75%
Kroczak J.
Konštantínove listy
|
2018
|
vol. 11
|
issue 2
179 - 189
EN
The article attempts to trace inspirations by the culture of pre-Mongolian Rus’ in the works of father Pavel Florensky (1882-1937), a prominent philosopher of the Russian religious renaissance of the early XXth century. Relying upon Florensky’s writings, Old Russian literary artefacts and scholarly findings of medievalists (mainly art historians and philologists), the author seeks to highlight an important, albeit somewhat forgotten, source of Florensky’s philosophical teaching - the Christian cultural tradition of Old Rus’. Apparently, it is this tradition that played an essential role in Florensky’s development into an original philosopher, shaping fundamentals of the metaphysics of All-Unity which has been recognized as Florensky’s main philosophical achievement.
16
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ENCYKLIKA GRANDE MUNUS A JEJ ODOZVA U SLOVENSKÝCH KATOLÍKOV

75%
Ivanič P.
Konštantínove listy
|
2019
|
vol. 12
|
issue 2
98 - 106
EN
Pope Leo XIII issued the Encyclical Grande Munus on the 30th of September 1880, right at the beginning of his long pontificate. He noted apostolical merits of Sts. Cyril and Methodius there and extended their feast to the whole Church. The feast of Sts. Cyril and Methodius was set on the 5th of July by the Pontiff. The great thanksgiving pilgrimage of the 1.400 Slavs to Rome between the 25th of June and the 5th of July 1881 was a direct answer of the Slavs to the emphasis, which the Pope placed on the importance of the Cyrillo-Methodian heritage by the Encyclical Grande Munus, and his favour to the Slavonic cause. The representatives of the Slovak Catholics favourably reacted to the Encyclical and atteded the pilgrimage. The author of the paper will deal with the reaction of the Slovak Catholics to the two aforementioned events in the press in the 19th century.
17
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PRZEGLĄD BADAŃ NAD MYŚLĄ BIZANTYJSKĄ W POLSCE

75%
Jaworska-Wołoszyn M.
Konštantínove listy
|
2017
|
vol. 10
|
issue 1
12 – 24
EN
The real birth of Byzantine studies in Poland falls at the end of the nineteenth century. They owe their place in Polish science firstly to classical philologists and then to historians. This is because more than 5,000 publications on this topic were issued in Poland, particularly on account of their research activities. Often, however, when it comes to Byzantium and its cultural heritage, achievements in the field of literature, history, law, art history and archeology are amply mentioned, but effectively ignored are those associated with the same philosophy.
18
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MICHAŁA PSELLOSA „KIEDY PADAŁ DESZCZ I NIE PRZYSZLI JEGO UCZNIOWIE DO SZKOŁY”

75%
Jaworska-Wołoszyn M.
Konštantínove listy
|
2016
|
vol. 9
|
issue 1
183 – 191
EN
Michael Psellos‘ work (1018‑1078), titled When students did not come to school because it was raining, is one of the minor works of the Byzantine thinker that constitutes an invaluable source of information on teaching, methods used in the educational process and general students‘ life in the 11th century Constantinople. The environment of pupils, the mood present during lessons, as well as the approach of Psellos himself towards his students are unquestionably his main subject of considerations. The philosopher exposes his own engagement in the matters related to education and at the same time he presents himself as a nice, carrying for the souls of his students, pedagogue. ῞Οταν ἔβρεξε καὶ οὐκ ἀνῆλθον οἱ μαθηταὶ αὐτοῦ εἰς τὴν σχολήν is actually an incentive to broaden knowledge, a call of an extraordinary pedagogue addressed to his own ‚children‘, asking them to share his love for all the wisdom in the near future.
19

THE LOST BYZANTINE SOURCES IN THE OLD RUSSIAN LITERATURE

75%
Afinogenov D.
Slavica Slovaca
|
2008
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vol. 43
|
issue 1
29-41
EN
It has long been known that a number of works of the Byzantine literature survives only in the Church Slavonic translations. However, a systematic approach to the collections within which they circulated may yield very interesting and often unexpected results. The article analyses the texts from the ten-volume menological collection widely known in Old Rus' according to four categories. The first includes the works lost in the original without a trace. The second is represented by the texts lost in Greek which nevertheless left traces in contemporary or later sources. The third group consists of the texts which survive in the original with greater or lesser losses, while the fourth - of the works available, besides the translation, in one or more Greek manuscripts. Every time it turns out that the Slavonic translations are extremely valuable not only from the point of view of textology, but also of their contents. Therefore full-fledged study of the Byzantine history and culture especially of the 8th to 10th century is impossible without use of the sources that survive only in Church Slavonic. Moreover, reconstruction of such substantial collections of texts as, e.g., the full cycle of pre-Metaphrastic menologia is only possible if the Old Russian literature is taken into account. The underlying reason is that the source for the translations was one of the richest book deposits of the Empire - the library of the Studios monastery in Constantinople.
20
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ETICKÉ A MORÁLNE PROBLÉMY V ODPOVEDIACH PÁPEŽA MIKULÁŠA I. NA OTÁZKY BULHAROV (NICOLAI I. PAPAE RESPONSA AD CONSULTA BULGARORUM)

63%
Gluchman V.
Konštantínove listy
|
2016
|
vol. 9
|
issue 2
11 – 25
EN
The author has set his article into the context of power-political and religious-political development in the 9th century in Central and South-East Europe where diplomatic, political, ideological and even military-political struggles between the West and the East took place in order to further reigning of the states in this part of Europe. Struggles at religious-political level took place between Rome and Constantinople, at power-political level between Frankish Empire and Byzantium. Bulgaria was one of such regions where the contemporary states of great significance struggled over power. The responses of Pope Nicolas I. to the questions of Bulgarians (Nicolai I. papae responsa ad consulta Bulgarorum) is an important document showing one of the forms of the fight for the primacy between Western and Eastern Christianity. On one hand, these responses provide evidence of the effort of Bulgarians to get religious-political autonomy; on the other hand, they illustrate contemporary state of morality. They can be considered as an interpretation of the fundaments of Western Christian ethics and morality.
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