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EN
Rather than considering those thinkers identified with the Budapest School in institutional terms, this paper suggests that the notion of friendship is a more appropriate way to consider the thinkers formerly associated with such a “school.” This paper explores the condition and disposition of friendship through the works of Ágnes Heller and Immanuel Kant, especially, to throw light on the notion and practice of modern friendship in the context of the historical dissolution of philosophical schools, including the Budapest School. This paper explores how modern friendship – its cultivation and dispositions – might be understood.
EN
The moment of the Budapest School in Australia was vital, for the visitors and for us. Was it still then a school? This is an open question. Here I focus on Melbourne, and on the work and influence of Ferenc Fehér and Ágnes Heller. I will use two essays to focus on the mutual interaction: Class, Democracy, Modernity (1983) and Why We Should Maintain the Socialist Objective (1981/1982). Fehér and Heller made the decisive, in effect Weberian, move away from the category of capitalism to that of modernity as the overarching horizon. At the same time, Heller offered a forgotten political intervention into the discourse of the Australian Labor Party, on the necessity of claims to the values of socialism. Four decades on, the latter essay seems arcane, while the former retains its potency, but is also pressured by the revived centrality of capitalism. After both cases, the core value given to democracy might now also come under question, forty years on.
PL
Autor artykułu proponuje przyjrzeć się filozofii krytycznej Györgya Márkusa z perspektywy socjologii wiedzy, i potraktować ją jako przykład tego rodzaju myśli, która wpisuje się w nurt tzw. hermeneutyki dystansu. Innymi słowy, chciałby zastanowić się nad tym, na ile krytyczny stosunek Márkusa względem wielu aspektów kultury współczesnej bierze się z zajmowanej przez niego uprzywilejowanej pozycji epistemologicznej wygnańca, który właśnie dzięki temu, że jest wygnańcem potrafi spoglądać na otaczającą go rzeczywistość z innej perspektywy i stawiać jej trudne pytania. Artykuł składa się z trzech części. Pierwsza ma charakter metodologiczny, autor precyzuje w niej swe stanowisko teoretyczne oraz definiuje pojęcia, przy pomocy których – w części drugiej i trzeciej – analizuje wybrane problemy emigracyjnej twórczości Márkusa.
EN
The author of this paper proposes to treat the critical philosophy of György Márkus as an example of the theoretical position which could be named “a hermeneutics of distance”. In other words he tries to look at his work from the perspective of sociology of knowledge and consider to what extent Márkus' critical approach to the many aspects of the contemporary (western) culture may be rooted in his experience of being an exile who – as an outsider – is able to glance at the social and cultural reality and pose it difficult questions. The paper is divided into three parts. In the first one the author defines his theoretical position, in the second and the third parts he tries to analyze the several problems of Márkus' emigrant writings in the light of mentioned theoretical assumptions.
EN
The Budapest School of philosophers and sociologists formed around the Hungarian philosopher Georg Lukács in the 1960s and dissipated when many of its members went into exile from Hungary in the late 1970s and early 1980s. A number went to Australia, and the last collective works of the Budapest School were produced there just as the cooperative intellectual impetus of the group dissolved. One of the Budapest School philosophers, Ágnes Heller, took up a lecturing post at La Trobe University where she supervised the PhD of the author of this paper, Peter Murphy. The paper explores Heller’s trajectory out of group philosophy into an existential view of philosophy as a “truth for me,” and Murphy’s philosophical relationship with Heller, with the idea of a school of philosophy, and with the notion of a personal philosophy.
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