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  1. 6 Gálik M.

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1
Content available remote

HINA: NEW CIVILISATIONAL IDENTITIES IN THE ASPECT OF CIVIC CHANGES (China: Neue Zivilisationsidentitat vor dem Hintergrund gesellschaftlichen Wandels)

100%
Tomala K.
Acta Asiatica Varsoviensia
|
2008
|
issue 21
85-109
EN
The starting point is the assumption that civic transformations and China cannot be understood and analysed only on the grounds of the Western, normative understanding of the individual and the society. It is emphasised that as a rule Western analysis of the development of China - beginning with Western experience and notions describing the process of development - cannot be a useful universal benchmark for defining social changes in the Chinese process of modernisation. The study reaches a conclusion that despite great changes of civic and social, economic, and political nature, the human is still not treated as an individual making independent decisions, but as a creature that is evaluated in relationship to the community and to the whole. This does not mean that there are no individual orientations or civic groups originating within the existing limits. It is emphasised that despite all the occurring changes, the existing identity may still be defined as cultural and state identity, yet increasingly opening to other civilisations.
2
Content available remote

The New Global Leader in a Clean Energy Race. The Green Development in China

100%
Gacek Ł.
Acta Asiatica Varsoviensia
|
2011
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issue 24
89-96
EN
China is planning to develop a green energy sector. Their activities plan to change the energy balance mainly dependant on coal. During the next five years Beijing would like to promote the use of clean energy and an increase in the share of non-fossil fuels in primary energy consumption. The future modernization of the state economy should consider more alternative sources of energy. It is necessary to achieve sustainable development and to increase the state of economy competitiveness.
3
Content available remote

The "New" Confucianism vs. the Development of East Asia

100%
Sławiński R.
Acta Asiatica Varsoviensia
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2011
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issue 24
7-21
EN
Having drawn a history of the use of Confucianism in modern times in selected Asian countries (Acta Asiatica Varsoviensia No. 23), the author focuses on the question of evaluation of contemporary adaptations of Confucianism. The article quotes the opinions of the Chinese luminaries of philosophy from 1958 (New Confucian Manifesto), the earlier opinions of traditional thinkers (Chen Xujing (1933), Wang Xinming (1935), and of contemporary Taiwanese (Yi-yuan Li (1967), Chun-chieh Huang (2009)) concerning the usefulness of Confucianism in our contemporary time. This is followed by a critical discussion of the views of Zhu Rukai (2006) and Jiang Qing (2009), and the two Confucian concepts of the “harmonious society” (hexie shehui), “soft power”, and “moral government” (dezhi) enjoying top-down promotion. Further, in a fictionalised form, it presents a vision of living in a contemporary Confucian society. Finally, in the postscript, it reminds of the existence of another option, represented by the former participants of “the cultural revolution”.
4
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THE DISCOURSE ON THE MEANING OF CONFUCIANISM IN THE 21ST CENTURY (Der Diskurs uber die Bedeutung des Konfuzianismus im 21. Jahrhundert)

100%
Tomala K.
Acta Asiatica Varsoviensia
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2010
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issue 23
45-84
EN
The article aims at presenting the meaning of Confucianism in the contemporary countries of East Asia. China has been developing very fast and it is not only a prognosis for the 21st century, but already a fact. The traditional Confucianism is being discovered once again in China nowadays, which seems to be important in the times of globalization. Since 1980s it has been described as the 'new Confucianism', and the Confucian tradition has been modernized. The article analyses the role of the Chinese culture in the process of globalization, presents the debate concerning Asian values, and describes the continuity of tradition in the modern China. It shows that the 'new' Confucianism can be an alternative to the western modernization for China.
5
Content available remote

EAST-ASIAN ADJUSTMENT PROCESS AND GLOBALIZATION CHALLENGES

100%
Kownacki P.
Acta Asiatica Varsoviensia
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2005
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vol. 18
43-53
EN
The author's aim was to present the East-Asian aspect of economic globalization. The article was based on studies concerning globalization and the recent history of Asia. After the World War II the greatest Asian powers, India and China, decided that the only way which would allow them to change their peripheral position and transform their economic dependency into interdependency was to overcome the asymmetric relations with the world economy and to focus on development of the domestic market. Nowadays, an economic progress in India and China is observed. The final effect of the Indian and Chinese state economic endeavors has proved compatible with the globalization process. It also constitutes a driving force behind the economic globalization. India and China have overcome their peripheral position and joined the world economy. The Asian economy has grown to the rank of a new economic center.
6

TECHNOLOGY IMPORTATION, INSTITUTIONAL ENVIRONMENT AND INDUSTRIAL UPGRADING: EVIDENCE FROM CHINA

100%
Song C.-X., Qiao C.-X.
Ekonomický časopis (Journal of Economics)
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2023
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vol. 71
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issue 1
23 – 45
EN
Considering the importance of technology for industrial structure upgrading, especially under the impetus of the fourth industrial revolution, the paper examines the impact of technology importation on industrial structure upgrading in 31 Chinese provinces from 2002 to 2020. It also emphasises the moderating role of institutional environment based on two dimensions of industrial upgrading. The findings indicate that technology importation has a positive effect on industrial advancement; however, its impact on industrial rationalisation is not significant. A higher-quality institutional environment can indirectly contribute to the impact of technology importation on industrial upgrading. Finally, the effects of technology importation and institutional environment on industrial upgrading vary with regions, and there are also differences in the moderating effects of different aspects of institutional quality. Therefore, the article suggests that technology should be introduced according to the institutional environment of different regions, and the government should develop personalised industrial upgrading strategies.
7
Content available remote

THE INFLUENCE OF CONFUCIANISM ON THE CHINESE CORPORATE LEADERSHIP

100%
Wawrzak K.
Acta Asiatica Varsoviensia
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2010
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issue 23
85-90
EN
In China there are different categories of enterprises, like state-owned companies, private and modern globalizing organizations. Regardless of the character of the company, their functioning and human resources management are strongly influenced by the Chinese culture. Confucianism is the inherent part and a great symbol of Chinese culture and it has had a strong impact on Chinese way of thinking, living, working and developing. Confucianism as a moral and ethical system, promotes human virtues like: Filial piety, Loyalty and Relationships. All Confucian virtues are important to understand how people and organizations function today. There is a great question about the modern vitality of Confucianism. The arrival of Western culture in the nineteenth century, however, essentially rejected the self-change or self-adjustment preferred by Confucians. Arguably, there is a need for a new moral foundation for political rule in China, as well as a new philosophy that can provide moral guidance in everyday life. The relationship between Confucianism and Western liberalism is one of the most important unsettled questions in modern China. The key issue connecting Confucianism with modern and future reality includes the position of the organization leader, which is characterized by huge distance between him and his employees. Workers are organized in more and more modern structures, however the high position, respect and aloofness existing between leader and workers is still very strong. That is why the structure and management of workers has become the key issue to the high-positioned leader or manager.
8

GOVERNMENT INTERVENTION AND FINANCIAL ACCESS: EVIDENCE FROM CHINA

100%
Fu T.
Ekonomický časopis (Journal of Economics)
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2017
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vol. 65
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issue 6
534 – 558
EN
This paper distinguishes between different forms of government intervention in a micro economy, including a firm’s tax burden, regulatory stringency, state shares and collective shares. The author offers a first attempt to explore how these types of government intervention affect a firm’s financial access. With evidence from China, he uses the 2005 World Bank Investor Climate survey data to confirm that a firm’s financial access is promoted by its tax burden and regulatory stringency but constrained by its state shares and collective shares. His estimates are robust to the potential endogeneity issue, the different measures of financial access and different samples. Given that most governments explicitly or implicitly dictate financial resources, this paper offers general applications for government policies or corporate finance.
9
Content available remote

ANOMALY AS A METHOD: A SURVEY OF CHINESE MICRO-THEORIES OF TRANSITION

100%
Shih C.-Y.
Acta Asiatica Varsoviensia
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2009
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issue 22
61-74
EN
The teleology of transition to capitalism in general and China's turn to capitalism in particular prescribe for observers of China an academic agenda preoccupied with the conditions of establishing capitalism. Studies of transition in China have up to this point lacked bottom-up, past-oriented, and inside-out perspectives that would allow the formation of discourse for the masses, presumably driven by the force of transition to respond from their indigenous positions. To find what possible stories there could be if such perspectives that are not intellectually intelligible from the transition point of view are to be translated into transition narratives is the purpose of this paper. Epistemologically interpreting the case at hand as an anomaly could be a useful methodology to ameliorate the deterministic and teleological proclivity in the current literature on transition. In this way, agents of transition are more than agents. They acquire insights into micro-perspectives on transition that are not allowed in the teleology toward liberalism. Agents of transition could participate in transition research by articulating, consciously as well as subconsciously, how they have strategically practiced transition, making researchers of macro-transition equal partners in transition.
10
Content available remote

ALLEGORIZING THE EXISTENTIAL CRISIS IN MODERN CHINA: QIAN ZHONGSHU’S PHILOSOPHICAL NOVEL “FORTRESS BESIEGE”

100%
Huang Y. H.
World Literature Studies
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2018
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vol. 10
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issue 2
80 – 90
EN
Beginning with an overview of the interconnection between literature and philosophy in modern Chinese literature, this paper analyses the novel Fortress Besieged (1947) written by Qian Zhongshu, a polyglot Chinese scholar of East-West comparative literature and philosophy. It compares the novel’s overarching allegory, i. e. a fortress besieged, in juxtaposition with the philosophical allegories about the mutability and limitations of human life. It concludes with a reflection on the seminal influence of this novel in contemporary Chinese society where “fortress besieged” has become an everyday word referring to one’s existential crisis.
11

EVALUATION OF THE PRE-SERVICE ENGLISH TEACHER EDUCATION IN A UNIVERSITY IN CHINA: PROS AND CONS FROM AN INSIDER’S JOURNEY OF LEARNING

100%
Ping W.
Pedagogický časopis (Journal of Pedagogy)
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2015
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vol. 6
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issue 1
151 – 174
EN
The theme of the paper is to reveal how well-prepared pre-service teachers think they are. It aims at reviewing the 2010, 2011, 2012, 2013 cohorts studying for a BA in TEFL at a university by examining the impact and the effectiveness of four-year pre-service English education in a Chinese university context, and what needs to be improved and maintained from the perspective of trainees. Questionnaires were used, followed by semi-structured interviews. The questionnaires were completed by 300 participants, 200 of whom were then randomly chosen as interviewees. Despite finding some inconsistency in the four-year BA TEFL program, the result obtained from investigation of the cohort of student teachers is still satisfying.
12
Content available remote

BEIJING OPERA, BERTOLT BRECHT AND CONTEMPORARY CHINESE DRAMA: FROM SELF-OBSERVATION TO THE NEUTRAL ACTOR

100%
Labedzka I.
Acta Asiatica Varsoviensia
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2010
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issue 23
7-23
EN
The article aims at presenting Bertolt Brecht's theatrical concepts and their influence on the contemporary Chinese theatre. His plays began to reappear on Chinese stages in the late 1970s and were performed by experimental and professional theatre groups in Hong Kong and Taiwan, particularly in the 1980s. However, a narrow group of Chinese artists got acquainted with the aesthetics of Brechtian theatre, propagated by Huang Zuolin, in the 1950s. Brecht was then seen as an inspiring source of theatrical quest by Gao Xingijan in the 1960s. The article analyzes the concept of actor and models of acting developed by Gao Xingijan and Bertolt Brecht. The emphasis placed by the Chinese theatre on the actor and acting techniques turns out to be fully compliant with what Brecht was searching for.
13
Content available remote

Strategiczne implikacje energetycznej rywalizacji w basenie Morza Kaspijskiego w XXI wieku. Unia Europejska – Rosja – Chiny: interesy, ekspansja, wspolpraca

100%
Młynarski T.
Politeja : Pismo Wydziału Studiów Miedzynarodowych i Politycznych Uniwersytetu Jagiellońskiego
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2010
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issue 2(14)
213-236
XX
The Caspian region for centuries was the arena of geopolitical rivalry for Russia, Turkey, Iran, Britain and France to establish control and influence in the area. The emergence of independent states in Central Asia followed by disintegration of the USSR, has brought new reality in terms of politics and economy in the region and created opportunities for western energy companies to access sources of energy alternative to Gulf countries. Currently, the “new great game” in Central Asia – competition for strategic influence and take control over transportation routes for oil and natural gas an from the Caspian Basin, is focusing regional and global interests of great powers, both in terms of security and economic aspects related with prospects of energy resources exploration. Among the EU -27 member states, there is a serious split in the approach to energy security issue, dictated by interests diversity. Shaping a common EU energy policy requires the full commitment of the European Commission and EU Member States. The creation of a coherent EU energy policy towards the Caspian region means to define a common energy interests of member states. But this depends on political willingness to overcome particularistic interests of the largest states when they are in collision with strategic goals of the Community.
14

Wpływ zmian w chińskiej ochronie patentowej na krajowa aktywność innowacyjna: analiza na podstawie danych patentowych z lat 1985-2008

100%
Wrześniak G.
Zeszyty Naukowe Uniwersytetu Ekonomicznego w Krakowie
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2012
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issue 879
25-41
EN
The present economy requires the formation of pro-innovative behaviours, which themselves create conditions required for the effective generation and initiation of one’s own achievements in the scientific-technical realm. The role of the state in the economy and its influence on economic processes undergoes a number of changes in reference to the range and form of influence, and also in the intensity of the influence of public powers on the economy. Realisation of this work requires the ability to use accessible legal and economic instruments in patent policies, which stimulate the development of a country’s creativity and inventiveness. This article strives to analyse how changes in Chinese patent law have influenced patent activity during a period that has seen “three great reforms to patent law in China”. The first part presents the role of patents as the basis for qualifying the mechanisms of influence on innovations and the outline of legislative changes in China. The second part offers an analysis of the profile and range of patent activity there. The conclusions of the article discuss the positive relationship between changes in patent protection and the observed rate of innovations in China, of which an essential element is the observed “patent boom”.
15

ANALÝZA PRIAMYCH ZAHRANIČNÝCH INVESTÍCIÍ ČÍNY

88%
Pauhofová I., Svocáková S.
Ekonomický časopis (Journal of Economics)
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2014
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vol. 62
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issue 9
926 – 944
EN
The goal of this article is to identify and to quantify the determinants of the China's outward foreign direct investments (OFDI). The most important relevant outcomes of the authors dealing with this topic are analysed. In the analysis, 11 indicators are used. There are 2 approaches to detect influence on OFDI applied in the article. The first one uses the factor analysis, cluster analysis and analysis of variances on the sample of 69 countries. The second approach works with the cluster analysis, which is applied on the basis of data of 85 countries. The first approach did not prove the statistically significant difference among the China's FDI in different clusters. The second approach demonstrated the statistical significance in the FDI outflows only in case of one cluster.
16

Kulturowe uwarunkowania przywództwa politycznego w Chinach kontynentalnych — przykład konfucjanizmu

88%
Smolik B.
Wrocławskie Studia Politologiczne
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2011
|
vol. 12
227-247
EN
This article describes a cultural specificity of China, influencing the Chinese perception of political relations and that type of political leadership. In case of China, what matters is a much greater human dependence on the natural environment and on other people than in the European countries. The traditional cult of the ancestors has had a huge impact on the attitude of the present generation towards the political leadership. In the past Confucianism made the relations between the emperor and the subjects resemble those in the family. This article details such basic Confucian virtues as: ren and li, it also explains the concept of the emperors as “the Sons of Heaven’’ and the “Mandate of Heaven’’ associated with it. Even today the Chinese society is fond of these concepts. The concept of Confucian harmony (he), understood as a reconciliation and unification of the opposites, still present in the political life of the continental China, was also described. From the point of view of the author, the present glorification of the higher level of education as a road to career constitutes a combination of the requirements of the modernity with the tradition of the Confucian meritocracy.
17
Content available remote

RATIONAL PERSUASION, COERCION OR MANIPULATION? THE ROLE OF ABORTION IN CHINA´S FAMILY PLANNING POLICIES

88%
Quanbao J., Yixiao L., Shuzhuo L., Basten S.
Annales Scientia Politica
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2016
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vol. 5
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issue 1
5 – 16
EN
China’s recent history of family planning restrictions is well known. An increasing amount of attention has been paid to the role of abortion in both national and local policy implementation as well as individual-level decision-making. In this paper, we explore the recent history of abortion within the Chinese family planning policies within a broad bioethics framework. In particular, we explore themes of rational persuasion, coercion and manipulation at the various levels of implementation.
18
Content available remote

Kulturspezifische Barrieren in der chinesischen Bevölkerungspolitik

88%
Tomala K.
Acta Asiatica Varsoviensia
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2011
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issue 24
23-64
EN
The Chinese population planning policy that was introduced after a proclamation of the new program of reform and modernization in 1979, was incorporated as a law into the Constitution of 1982. From the very beginning it faced various pressures and met with resistance, especially from the rural population. This study attempts to analyze why the implementation of the long term population policy has encountered so many difficulties and why the official policy of one child was changed in the mid 1980’s. This study shows the influence of deeply ingrained traditional attitudes in the minds of a large part of the population for whom having more children, especially sons, represents more security and may be a way to prosperity (sons being more valuable than daughters). It is argued that although Chinese society has changed, some traditional values still play a social role. As a result of an openness policy and more personal rights the population dynamics, which influences the speed of social dynamics have encountered numerous barriers, from both – traditional values and from modern culture. Changes are taking place in all aspects of life, even the once extensive government control, does not work as before. It is argued then that the future of the population policy in China will function differently taking into account the presence – both traditional values and modern behavior of the society.
19

STREDNÁ ÁZIA A ČÍNA – PROBLÉMY POLITIKY, BEZPEČNOSTI A MOŽNÉ GEOPOLITICKÉ DÔSLEDKY

88%
Juza P.
Studia Politica Slovaca: časopis pre politické vedy, najnovšie politické dejiny a medzinárodné vzťahy
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2019
|
vol. 12
|
issue 1
34 – 55
EN
In this text, the author, in the recent past acting as an extraordinary and empowered ambassador of the Slovak Republic in the Republic of Kazakhstan and the Republic of Kyrgyzstan, presents his view on the current mechanism - Kazakhstan's economic and political example - the interaction between countries of Central Asia, Russia and China in the political, security, economic area with an overlap in the overall geopolitical configuration in the region. It points out and notes the growing influence (economic, cultural, educational, political and military-security) of China on the individual countries of the region. At the same time, it points out Central Asia as a widening geographical unit. The author also emphasizes the implications of the transition from one-pole world to a real multipolarity with a robust participation by China and the gradual waning of Russia's role in the Central Asian region.
20

LYRICISM AND ITS DISCONTENTS: EXPLORING THREE DIMENSIONS OF MODERN CHINESE POETICS

88%
Zhang S.
Asian and African Studies
|
2011
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vol. 20
|
issue 1
1-22
EN
Viewed in hindsight, shuqingzhuyi 'Lyricism' as a discursive practice is notorious in modern Chinese poetics. Both romanticists and realists, preachers of chunshi 'Pure Poetry' and advocates of dazhonghua shige 'Popular Poetry' have been obsessed with lyricism. However, from the late 1920s upward, so many dissidents cast doubts on the validity of lyricism that fanshuqingzhuyi 'anti-lyricism' became prevalent. Last but not least, the 1930s - 1940s witnessed the appearance of shendu shuqing 'deep lyrical' in the literary arena, which tended to undermine lyricism from a different hermeneutic framework. So far the scholarship in this field remains scanty although modern Chinese poetics invites a thorough treatment of the three dimensions; this paper is an attempt to investigate the above issues in hopes of expanding the critical horizon for the study of modern Chinese poetics.
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