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SOME REMARKS ON THE CONSTITUTION OF THE FIFTH REPUBLIC AFTER 50 YEARS OF ITS EXISTENCE (Konstytucja V Republiki po 50 latach obowiazywania. Kilka refleksji)

100%
Jamroz A.
Przegląd Sejmowy
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2008
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issue 6(89)
15-34
EN
The Constitution of 1958, approved in the constitutional referendum on 28th September 1958, was - from the beginning of its operation - a subject of heated disputes. The controversy related to a particular situation in which its text was prepared, the procedure of its adoption and the nature of the system of government it introduced. The article presents main aspects of the discussions on this subject and, then, focuses on constitutional practice established in the last tens of years of existence of the Constitution. It has turned out that, owing to the amendment of 1962 establishing universal and direct election for the Presidency of the Republic, the Constitution (particularly in the sphere of functioning of the executive, and more precisely - the relations between the President and the Government headed by a Prime Minister) allows two different constitutional approaches depending on the relations between political forces and on ideological divisions. The first approach is close to the presidential system, the second one resembles a parliamentary system of government. In the author's opinion, both the constitutional approaches are fully permissible, which shows that, despite its concise nature, the Constitution of the Fifth Republic is quite comprehensive. This results not only from a flexible interpretation of the constitution, but is also based on the consensus between main political forces.
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COHABITATION AS ONE FORM OF PARTNERS LIVING TOGETHER IN SLOVAKIA

100%
Mladek J., Sirockova J.
Sociológia (Sociology)
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2004
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vol. 36
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issue 5
423-454
EN
Changes in demographic behaviour - 'the second demographic revolution', occurred in the second half of 20th century. These changes are most significantly manifested in family behaviour, in the processes connected with the establishment and dissolution of families and with their reproductive function. Family types have diversified. In spite of the strong influence of tradition, there are three changes in family behaviour, which have arisen in Slovakia. The nuclear family still prevails but at the same time the number of cohabitations as well as the amount of children born out of wedlock has increased. A significant number of people prefer single child families. The term cohabitation refers to two adults of the opposite sex that live together in a common household for a longer time (as husband and wife) without being married. His/her/their children may also be living together with them. The number of cohabitations in Slovakia had extended. There is a significant correlation between cohabitation and some socio-cultural characteristics. According to the analysis of nationality-structure, there are relatively smaller proportions of cohabitansts from Slovak, Rusin and Ukrainian nationalities. Higher ratios are from Hungarian, Roma and Czech nationalities. Comparison of religion-structure reveals that the members of the Roman-Catholic, Greek-Catholic and Lutheran church have a reserved or disapproving attitude. On the other hand, people without religious beliefs, people whose religious attitudes were not discovered, and members of Orthodox and Reformed church demonstrated a relatively higher representation of cohabitants. The highest rate of cohabitation exists among people with basic and vocational education. There are less cohabitants with secondary and university education. The highest proportions of cohabiting couples are in two regions - Banska Bystrica and Kosice. The lowest rates are in the Zilina and Presov regions. The regions of Nitra and Trnava are in the middle. And in the Bratislava region and the Trencín region the level of cohabitation keeps shifting. Similar differences also occur on the county level. Regional or spatial differences depend on nationality and religious structure.
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SCOTTISH MODEL OF REGULATION OF COHABITATION (Szkocki model regulacji konkubinatu)

100%
Pawliczak J.
Kwartalnik Prawa Prywatnego
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2010
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vol. 19
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issue 3
695-716
EN
On 4 May 2006 the Family Law (Scotland) Act 2006 came into force as a part of Scottish law. The Act has amended Scottish family law as well as provided for a completely new legal framework of financial relations between cohabitants in the event of separation or death of a partner. The introduced scheme is an example of the so-called presumptive (default) model for regulating cohabitation. It deals with financial relations between partners of informal relationships who are living together in a manner prescribed by law. Scottish approach to this problem significantly differs, however, from the legislation adopted in Australia and New Zealand, where informal cohabitants have been given similar rights to those of persons living in formal relationships. The Scottish cohabitation law has mainly a 'compensatory' character, since it is aimed at redressing economic disadvantages suffered by one of the partners during the time of cohabitation.
4

KOHABITÁCIA: PREHĽADOVÁ ŠTÚDIA

100%
Lehotská V.
Človek a spoločnosť. Internetový časopis pre pôvodné teoretické a výskumné štúdie z oblasti spoločenských vied
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2012
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vol. 15
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issue 1
-
EN
Nowadays the research of cohabitation as the way of heterosexual partnership includes various areas. In this review I would like to present some of them. They are the conditions for extension of the cohabitation occurrence, typology and characteristics of cohabitation or cohabiting partners, difference between marriage and cohabitation, consequences of cohabitation on the relationship in marriage, quality of relationship, subjective well-being, attitudes, values, and children living in cohabitation. At the end I present several researches working with European social survey’s data. ESS offers the possibility to research internationally the areas associated with cohabitation.
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KTO ŽIJE V KOHABITÁCIÁCH NA SLOVENSKU? INTENZITA VYTVÁRANIA A CHARAKTERISTIKY KOHABITUJÚCICH OSÔB PODĽA VÝSLEDKOV SČÍTANIA OBYVATEĽOV, DOMOV A BYTOV 2011

100%
Džambazovič R., Šprocha B.
Sociológia (Sociology)
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2017
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vol. 49
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issue 4
369 – 404
EN
The study identifies main characteristics of cohabitations by analysing population and housing census from 2011. The results of the analysis confirmed existing differences in the structure and intensity of formation of cohabitations, depending on marital status, educational attainment, ethnicity, religion, place of residence, present and the number of births. Unmarried cohabitations in Slovakia are heterogeneous forms of partnerships and we can find them in different periods of life paths of individuals.
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IS THE PRESIDENT OF THE FIFTH REPUBLIC A REPUBLICAN MONARCH? (Czy prezydent V Republiki jest monarcha repubikanskim?)

100%
Ghevontian R.
Przegląd Sejmowy
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2008
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issue 6(89)
50-69
EN
The constitution of the Fifth Republic introduces a new concept of the role of a President of the Republic, whose authority is strengthened as compared to the limitation imposed upon that office by the provisions of Constitutions of the Third and Fourth Republic. Article 5 of the Constitution of 1958 defines, in a general way, the function of the president, making him as a head of state, the guardian of the constitution and guarantor of national independence, integrity of state territory and respect for treaties as well as an arbiter responsible for proper functioning of public authorities and existence of the state. The notion of arbitration constitutes an essential element of this article, which causes some interpretative problems due to its ambiguity. In fact, the wording used in this provision seems to be reasonable, as it synthetizes the function of the President depending on political circumstances: it can take the form of a pro-active and resolute arbitration (beyond the period of cohabitation), and some other time, can be carried out with reserve, in a more symbolic way (in the period of cohabitation) Irrespective of external circumstances, the functions of President of the Fifth Republic, empowered by the democratic legitimacy derived from universal and direct elections, are not limited to formal and representative dimensions. Since 1958, the President of the Republic is a driving force behind the operation of the executive power. Problems with relations between the President of the Republic and the Prime Minister on the ground on the basic law result from the overlap of two provisions: the above-mentioned Article 5 and Article 20. The latter confers on the government the right to 'conduct' and 'outline' the national policy. These controversies, even if no longer topical, ensue from an erroneous (in the author's opinion) assumption that one of those two provisions must be applied in its entirety. Such a choice is of an arbitrary nature. However, we should rather try to find a way to apply at the same time both the provisions without distorting the will of the authors of the Constitution. The two provisions can be applied simultaneously, but with different and variable intensity depending on political circumstances. When the President performs his role of a resolute arbiter (beyond the period of cohabitation), Article 20 is applied selectively, and the government limits itself to pursue the policy determined, to a considerable extent, by the President of the Republic. But when the President's role of arbiter is weaker, Article 20 operates with no limits, and the government can pursue a policy of its own.
7
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VIETNAMESE COMMUNITY IN SLOVAKIA

100%
Wiliams A., Balaz V.
Sociológia (Sociology)
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2005
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vol. 37
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issue 3
249-274
EN
This paper analyses migration trajectories and cohabitation patterns of Vietnamese population in Slovakia. It starts with brief introduction on origin of Vietnamese in Slovakia and distinguishes two different waves of migrants. After analysis of the 2001 Census data it turns to authors' own survey on Vietnamese traders in Slovakia. The concluding part of the paper explores likely future of Vietnamese in Slovakia after its accession to the EU.
8
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První partnerská soužití českých žen a mužů a rostoucí význam kohabitací

88%
Šťastná A., Paloncyová J.
Gender, rovné příležitosti, výzkum (Gender, Equal Opportunities, Research)
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2011
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vol. 12
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issue 2
16-29
EN
This study analyses the first partnerships of women and men in the Czech Republic and focuses on a comparison of family behaviour before and after the politically and socially important watershed of 1989. The authors investigate the type of first partnership (cohabitation versus marriage) and its timing. It can be assumed that significant changes in partnership behaviour exhibit a different pattern according to educational group, and moreover that differences in the timing and type of first partnership might also be expected from the point of view of gender. Given the increasing proportion of children born outside wedlock, attention is devoted to the impact of pregnancy and childbirth on partnership strategies. The data used in the paper are taken from the ‘Generations and Gender Survey’ carried out in the Czech Republic in 2008. The retrospective character of these data provides information on partnership careers in the context of other significant life events.
9
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Dohromady, nebo každý zvlášť? Hospodaření s příjmy manželských a nesezdaných párů

88%
Chaloupkova J.
Sociologický časopis. Czech Sociological Review
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2006
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vol. 42
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issue 5
971-986
EN
This article examines whether there are any differences in the way in which married couples and unmarried cohabitating couples manage their incomes. Using data from the ISSP 1994 and the ISSP 2002 the author attempts to answer the question of whether over the course of the 1990s in the Czech Republic the character of unmarried cohabitation changed, and whether the economic arrangements of unmarried couples with children resemble those of married couples. Crosstabulation indicates that unmarried couples manage their respective incomes separately more often than married couples do. However, if we take into account the different socio-demographic and socio-economic structures of these couples, the differences in income management connected with marital status vanish. The results of a logistic regression show that separate financial management occurs more often among childless couples, people less satisfied with their family life, and those who have experienced the break-up of a partnership before. In the case where an unmarried couple is raising children, the household income arrangement of the partners is similar to that of married couples.
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POLSCY IMIGRANCI W IRLANDII: FORMY ŻCIA MAŁŻEŃSKO-RODZINNEGO ORAZ PRZEKSZTAŁCENIA FUNKCJI RODZINY

75%
Lisak M.
Studia Migracyjne - Przegląd Polonijny
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2014
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vol. 40
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issue 2(152)
65-82
EN
The main task of the paper is to analyse the socio-familial aspects of the newest migration flows from Poland to Ireland that have been taking place since 2004. In order to examine this migratory phenomenon I apply a three-level analysis: on the macro-level I study statistical demographic data obtained from the Irish population censuses; on the mezzo-level I use a longitudinal (3-year) survey carried out within a selected immigrant subpopulation; on the micro-level I analyse 30 unstructured interviews with Polish immigrants. The results show that Polish emigration to Ireland is, first of all, driven by economic factors. Nonetheless, the socio-familial conditions and marital strategies also play a significant role in the processes of shaping one’s migratory experiences. The paper concludes that many Polish emigrants, including those who constituted the first flow of immigration to Ireland, are well-settled at the destination. The socio-familial circumstances become a critical factor in choosing their migration strategy.
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