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1

'DE MONETA IN REGNO CURRENTE'. POLISH COINAGE OF KING CASIMIR THE GREAT ('De moneta in Regno currente'. Mennictwo polskie Kazimierza Wielkiego)

100%
Paszkiewicz B.
Roczniki Historyczne
|
2008
|
vol. 74
31-54
EN
The unifying of Polish penny coinage was a long-lasting and multi-stage process that went simultaneously with the political integration of the kingdom that was being built from many duchies and lands in the fourteenth century. There are three sorts of larger coins of King Casimir the Great (1333-70): the Cracow groschen, the kwartnik, and the third coin whose original name remains uncertain. The latter was probably a fourth part of the Cracow groschen and was perhaps called 'small kwartnik'. The large kwartniks of unstable standard were coined in profusion. The king established their compulsory rate as a half groschen. Just after the king's death, in 1370, the governor of Great Poland devalued kwartniks to a quarter groschen, which caused commotion since these coins were actually not so much debased. The Cracow groschen (and small kwartniks) must have been struck earlier. It was probably at the latest in 1365, roughly simultaneously with a similar coinage in Teutonic Prussia. They might have been an unsuccessful attempt to introduce an autonomous groschen coinage, independent from Bohemian issuing authorities.
2

EUPHEMISTIC NAMES OF PROFESSIONS IN ENGLISH AND POLISH

100%
Luczkowska A.
Linguistica Silesiana
|
2008
|
vol. 29
109-118
EN
One reaches for euphemism whenever s/he wants to avoid unpleasant word or topic. This is our shield against everything that is, in our view, bad and may hurt our interlocutor or us. We just try to improve imperfect world around us. Hence it is not surprising that our grey professional life should be coloured a little. The best way to do it, without going on strike, is to create unusual names for our professions. This paper focuses on euphemistic names of professions in English and Polish giving some interesting examples and showing ways of coining them.
3

KREMNICKÁ MINCOVŇA V OBDOBÍ VEĽKEJ HOSPODÁRSKEJ KRÍZY A V 30. ROKOCH 20. STOROČIA

100%
Turóci M.
|
2021
|
vol. 69
|
issue 3
465 – 490
EN
The study is devoted to the hitherto little studied problem of the development of the Kremnica Mint during the great economic crisis of 1930–1934, and the subsequent post-crisis period up to 1938. The author, whose study is based on more than two years of archive research, considers mainly the economic development of a business with a monopoly on the production of small coins for circulation in inter-war Czechoslovakia. Research has shown that during the great economic crisis, the economic development of the Kremnica Mint substantially differed from that of other Czechoslovak businesses. In contrast to the general economic development in Czechoslovakia, the years of the great economic crisis brought the mint stability and prosperity. The crisis affected the mint later, in 1934–1936, during the post-crisis period characterized by gradual recovery of the economy. The business definitively overcame the unfavourable development in 1938 thanks to the general revival of the Czechoslovak economy.
4

SHORT POEMS ON SAFAVID COINS (Wiersz na monecie perskiej. Okres Safawidzki)

88%
Jaskowski S.
Przegląd Orientalistyczny
|
2010
|
issue 1-2 (232-233)
22-29
EN
The paper explores the subject of poems found on silver and copper coins of the Safavid dynasty (the 16th to 18th century). It contains translation of some of these poems and their analysis. The comparison of distichs from the coins struck by different shahs reveals how they tried to give legitimacy to their reign. These efforts are especially evident in the coinage of later monarchs and pretenders to the throne of Iran. The panegyric and religious character of the poems (most of which are distichs, i.e. mofrads in Persian terminology) is put into their historical context. It also points to the most common notions found in the poems, namely: the shah as a slave or dog of the imam Ali, the comparison of gold and silver coins to the Sun and the Moon respectively. The practice of putting a poem in Persian on a coin originated in India in the middle of the 15th century and after its adoption in Iran during the reign of the Safavids it became common in the eastern part of the Islamic world (in Iran, India and Afghanistan).
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