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1

„Am Worte dreierlei“:Konnotationen im Kontext der Wortbedeutung

100%

Czarnecka M.

Germanica Wratislaviensia

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2012

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vol. 136

83-94

EN

Generally, it is agreed that the meaning of the word has two aspects: the “primary” meaning, i.e. the most specific or direct meaning (called in logic and linguistics “denotation”), and the secondary meaning, i.e. meaning suggested by or associated with a word or thing (“connotation”). Connotations refer also to the cultural and / or emotional associations that become attached to words. However, among the scientists there is no agreement on what aspects of word meaning are included in the connotation. The objective of the paper is to answer the following question: To what extent may associations and emotions be considered as components of word meaning? This paper provides an overview of the analysis of the term “connotation” from the perspective of the twentieth-century’s linguistics. It also attempts to determine the notion of word meaning. Furthermore, it has been demonstrated how to solve the problem of the linguistic description of word meaning.

2

MAJÚ MENÁ PRIRODZENÝCH DRUHOV KONOTÁCIU?

100%

Sedlár I.

Filozofia (Philosophy)

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2008

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vol. 63

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issue 4

297-300

EN

The paper offers an argument against Kripke's assertion, that it is valid for all names of natural species, that they have no connotations. The argumentation has its roots in the semantic conception of S. Kripke as articulated in his 'Naming and necessity' i.e. it is an 'argument from inside' the conception itself. The argument consists of two parts: (a) setting the conditions under which the name of a natural species has a connotation; (b) constructing a situation, in which these conditions are fulfilled.

3

Idee kognitywizmu jako podstawa badań porównawczych w zakresie semantyki

88%

Grzegorczykowa R.

Etnolingwistyka. Problemy Języka i Kultury

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2004

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vol. 16

75-84

EN

New perspectives in comparative studies, especially in semantics, have arisen as a result of overcoming traditional structuralism, of viewing language in relation to culture and of the emergence of cognitive linguistics, which emphasizes the role of language in different conceptualizations of the world. Discussed are the following aspects of the cognitivist paradigm, especially valuable in comparative studies: the problem of the reconstruction of meaning (i.e. the formulation of the open cognitive definition) and the concepts used in descriptions of meaning (i.e. interpretive frame, linguistic worldview, connotation, profiling, stereotype and prototype). Two examples are analyzed: 'feminizm' (feminism) illustrates the problems of the cognitive definition, while 'tesknota' (longing) is a manifestation of different conceptualizations of comparable fragments of reality.

4

SEMANTIC CONNOTATION AS A MEANS OF PERFORMING EVALUATIVE ACTS IN PRESS TEXTS

88%

Bulawa M.

Biuletyn Polskiego Towarzystwa Językoznawczego

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2008

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vol. 64

173-184

EN

In the article connotations have been discussed which enable the speaker to perform an evaluative act. Within the classifications of evaluative connotations presented in the literature of the subject there is a distinction between connotations which are confirmed by language facts (like semantic and morphological derivatives and idiomatic expressions) and those which do not possess such a confirmation, i.e. extralinguistic ones. On the basis of material collected from press articles a differentiation existing within the second group has been depicted. The connotations that have been singled out are those based on the specifically environmental evaluative stereotypes, those based on stereotypes of a more common type that accompany words which may almost be treated by language users as containing obligatorily an evaluative component and finally connotations which became active and are possible to be interpreted only in the right context.

5

NEW NOVEL AND MATHEMATICS

88%

Lem S.

Slovenská literatúra (Slovak Literature)

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2007

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vol. 54

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issue 2

104-114

EN

The author in the study demasks false analogy of a genre of new novel with a mathematical creating process as it was proposed by some theoreticians. New novel according to the theoretical assumptions of the representatives of the theory replaces a function of copying reality by a function of constructing autonomous system of the denotations and that way it is similar to the mathematical creative work. Mathematical deduction consists of basic set of the elements and their transformations (operators). In the novel of Robbe-Grillet 'Dom schodzok' (The House of Meetings) there is no relationship between the elements and operators in the sense of explicit correlation: nuclear scenes belong to the elements and among operators there is a rule of connecting single events into phases having a character of a snipe. Vertical operator is a rule of connecting the sets of events in a way so that what differs in reality from one another by the categorical levels in a novel can co-exist. The antinomic effects are results of it as the versions of events stand side by side one another even in contradiction. However, this construction is not an equivalent to autonomy of a mathematical construction: relationships that in the mathematics can connect a set of the denotation elements with a set of the operators never exist by chance. But the Robbe-Grillet's operators as well as the places of their application to 'a story' could be radically exchanged and that way a new text can be created not different from the text of 'Dom schodzok' as far as it is equipped by analogical entropy because the systems with an analogical degree of disorderliness are informationally equivalent. As a sense of the operators cannot be defined by connection to a sense of the events, the semantic integration of a text must be replaced by formal integration. However, reader cannot resign on the reference of the designations to the fragments of reality. In consequence of it, breaking the course of the work with 'informing' tradition seems to be a postulate not a result. If a text includes a structure that can refer as a model to the phenomena outside of the work that means that the structure works as an element contains denotation that is not empty. In that case the work is a communicator (creates a message). The more original operators are the more stereotype must be a foundational set of the scenes on which the operators are applicable.

6

ONOMASTICKÁ METAFORA AKO LINGVOKULTÚRNY FENOMÉN

88%

Kazharnovich M.

Slavica Slovaca

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2021

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vol. 56

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issue 1

17 – 25

EN

The article examines the onomastic metaphor as a linguacultural unit, which is formed when using a proper name in the secondary nomination. The emergence of the onomastic metaphor is possible due to the broad connotative possibilities of the precedent onym. The article presents various approaches to the interpretation and terminological definition of the linguistic status of an onym in the secondary nomination: from appellation as a classical approach to understanding an onym with a connotative meaning, to perceiving it as a specific linguistic-cultural unit. The concept of an onomastic metaphor, which is formed on the basis of a precedent name that is cognitively relevant for representatives of a certain linguacultural space, is examined separately. The main features of a precedent name are highlighted, which allow it to form a metaphorical context. Onomastic metaphor is presented as a way of cognition, structuring and axiological interpretation of reality.

7

Kulturowe znaczenie komponentu frazeologizmua jego międzyjęzykowa ekwiwalencja

88%

Szerszunowicz J., Vidović Bolt I.

Białostockie Archiwum Językowe

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2014

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issue 14

195-216

EN

The aim of the paper is to discuss culturally determined lexical constituents of phraseological units with reference to cross-linguistic equivalents. The focal issue is to analyse the relation between the special nature of the components at issue and their target language counterparts. The notion of culturally determined lexis, i.e. culture-bound words, is explained and exemplified with lexical items from various European languages. Special attention is paid to culture-bound appellative nouns and proper nouns. The presentation of the typology of cross-linguistic equivalents is followed by case studies, i.e. the analyses of selected phraseological units and their cross-linguistic equivalents. The source language expressions chosen for the analyses are the ones which contain either non-equivalent lexical items or words which have lexical equivalents, but ones of different status, connotations etc. in the target language. The case studies show that cultural determinism of the constituents of given phraseological units does not necessarily result in their zero equivalence. However, a multiaspectual analysis proves that the culture-bound character of the unit creates asymmetry on the connotative plane.

8

PRECISE OR IMPRECISE? PROBLEM OF THE DEFINITION OF LEXEME FROM THE POINT OF THE ANTHROPOCENTRICALLY THEORY OF LANGUAGES (Scharf oder unscharf? - Zu Problemen der Lexemdefinition aus der Sicht der anthropozentrischen Sprachentheorie)

75%

Pawlowski G.

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2010

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vol. 57

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issue 3

319-333

EN

The article examines problems concerning the description of lexemes, their definitions and real or hypothetical limits that may result from questions presented in this context. The author discusses such distinctions as the meaning of a word as opposed to its use and the proper meaning of a word versus the so called additional meaning of a given expression. As a consequence, one of the most important tasks comes down to answering the question of what constitutes the idiolectal meaning and what factors have an influence on this process

9

MADONNA WSPÓŁCZESNOŚCI – MIGRANT MOTHER, CZYLI MATKA TUŁACZKA. ANALIZA IKONOGRAFICZNA

63%

Wolak U.

Studia Migracyjne - Przegląd Polonijny

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2013

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vol. 39

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issue 2(148)

71-84

EN

In this article I would like to present an iconographic analysis of the Migrant Mother, a photograph by Dorothea Lange, in the context of social change in the United States of the 1930s. For this purpose I use appropriate tools and the theories of Klaus Rieser, Charles Sanders Peirce, and Roland Barthes. I also read and interpret Lange’s photograph from the feminist perspective. In this article the Migrant Mother thus constitutes a fascinating object of academic inquiry, as well as a starting point for the deliberations on the harsh words of Jean Baudrillard who said: “You assume you are photographing a given thing for your own pleasure, but in fact it wants its picture taken and you are only a figure in its staging, secretly moved by the self-advertising perversion of the surrounding world (...) All metaphysics is swept away by this reversal of situation in which the subject is no longer master of the representation, but merely a function of the world's objective irony”. I try to polemicize with the words of Baudrillard, “the high priest of postmodernism” analyzing the Migrant Mother.

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1 Białostockie Archiwum Językowe

1 Biuletyn Polskiego Towarzystwa Językoznawczego

1 Etnolingwistyka. Problemy Języka i Kultury

1 Filozofia (Philosophy)

1 Germanica Wratislaviensia

1 Kwartalnik Neofilologiczny

1 Slavica Slovaca

1 Slovenská literatúra (Slovak Literature)

1 Studia Migracyjne - Przegląd Polonijny

1 Bulawa M.

1 Czarnecka M.

1 Grzegorczykowa R.

1 Kazharnovich M.

1 Lem S.

1 Pawlowski G.

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1 Szerszunowicz J.

1 Vidović Bolt I.

1 Wolak U.

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