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Ewolucja rynku medialnego na Cyprze

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EN
The article presents the evolution of the media in Cyprus. The author outlines the short political history of the island, pointing out the lack of any cultural policy in Cyprus under Turkish rule. The British takeover of the island in 1878 was a turning point in this respect, with the fi rst newspapers and magazines in Greek and English being published. The first press law was introduced in Cyprus in 1935 and was connected with the introduction of strict censorship, as the British were anxious about possible agitation for independence of the Cypriot Greeks. Regaining independence contributed to further evolution of the press market. In time, small family companies started disappearing, replaced by large media corporations. In 1990, the Cypriot parliament passed an act on press law that regulates the functioning of the press market and that has remained in force ever since. The article further presents the evolution of the radio and television media in Cyprus. The fi rst radio and television stations started functioning already under the British rule in the 1950s, but they experienced a boom only after the establishment of an independent Republic of Cyprus. In 1998, the Cyprus Radio-Television Authority was established to guarantee the observance of the principles of democracy as well as civil rights and freedoms in the media market. Furthermore, the article also presents the effects of the work on a Cypriot journalists’ code of ethics.
EN
The subject matter of the present article is the Cyprus issue, its complexity, a review of previous peace initiatives and solutions that could be implemented. The terms: 'Cyprus issue', 'Cyprus crisis', '- conflict', '- dispute', used interchangeably, are presently used to describe the conflict that has taken place between the Greek and Turkish parts of the island with the respective support provided to the parties by Greece and Turkey. The term is also connected with activeness of other states which are interested in the island because of their political and economic interests.The Cyprus crisis is undoubtedly one of the longest and most difficult problems in the modern international relations. This is so because it is composed of many different closely related aspects. It is commonly believed that the major ones are the ethnic composition and geo-strategic location of the island that, in practice, make the Greek-Turkish dispute a political, national, religious and territorial one. It is worth mentioning here that Cyprus is one of the last episodes of the fight between the Christians and the Muslims in the Mediterranean region and one of the last tracks of the Turkish expansion in Europe. The internal determinants overlap the simultaneous international context, including attempts made by Greece and Turkey to use the Cyprus issue further than only in their foreign policy. All these things shape the unusually complex character of the crisis and makes it even more difficult to solve. The aim of the article is to prove the thesis that the settlement of the Cyprus issue is possible and its scenarios are well-known. However, the implementation of one of them is extremely difficult at present. To solve the problem, it is necessary to work out a compromise that would be obviously connected with numerous concessions made to the opposed party. But based on the observation of the policy adopted by the authorities of the two Cypriot communities it can be stated that the concepts of good will and a desire to finish the dispute are absent from it.
EN
The study focuses on several examples of representations of the theme of attacking lions and its importance both in Cyprus and Greece. It can be observed on artefacts of bronze, pottery, stone etc. It dates mainly in the Cypro-Classical period when this particular theme became popular, often adopted by Phoenician rulers of the ancient town of Kition on the island of Cyprus.
EN
This paper aims at examining the institutional framework within which Special Units (SUs) in Cypriot secondary education operate. The establishment of SU targets to facilitate the education of pupils defined as having special educational needs (SEN) in mainstream schools, and their operation is governed by the 1999 law and subsequent amending acts and circulars. Neither the operation of the SUs and the institutional framework that guides their operation has yet been investigated. The main aim of our research was to investigate teachers’ and parents’ views of the way in which SUs function, as well as their opinions of the legislative sections relating to the special units. This process led to the creation of a critical approach called the Institutional Framework for Special Units in Cyprus. Lastly, the participants were asked to propose ways in which the SUs could operate an inclusive environment. This paper presents qualitative research conducted in three secondary schools in Cyprus. Our sample consisted of 52 participants (heads, special education associate administrators, assistant heads, teachers, parents) over a five month timespan (September 2017-February 2018). The results lead to the conclusion that immediate action for further improvement and change is imperative, primarily for the benefit of pupils defined as having SEN.
EN
In this article the formal negotiations of a legislative package for the cohe¬sion policy 2014-2020, which were launched and advanced during the Polish-Dan¬ish-Cypriot Trio Presidencies, serve as an example of the Trio cooperation. The arti¬cle’s aim is to give a behind-the-scenes look at the European negotiations from the participants’ point of view as regards the joint Trio work, both before and during the negotiations. This analysis leads up to some general reflections on the Trio for¬mula and its effectiveness.
EN
Greek Cypriot folk songs belong to the Greek world’s artistic expression. Among them, the religious songs may be highlighted because of their cultural interest. Certainly, the different versions of Saint Lazarus’ song narrate the complete tale of this saint that is, what is said in the canonical text and what has been traditionally transmitted in Cyprus. They are related to the Holy Bible and contain diverse cultural elements. Thus, here the intertextuality between the referred texts and the cultural elements are studied. On the one hand, the poems are directly connected with the Book of Psalms, the Gospels and the Apocalypse. Different biblical events and characters (i.e. Lazarus of Bethany, Marta, Maria, Thomas the Apostle, Jesus, King David, Adam, the Virgin Mary and Saint Michael Archangel) can be identified, although there are differences between the source texts and the poems. On the other hand, the fact that the poem’s versions were originated in different Cypriot geographical points have several significances.We can distinguish references to other traditions and texts thanks to the used vocabulary in the poems. Consequently, we observe the meanings of Saint Lazarus’ song for the Greek Cypriot culture.
EN
The main aim of this article is to show how the Cyprus dispute affected the preparations and achievements of the Republic of Cyprus’s Presidency of the Council of the EU, and to present its implications with respect to relations between Turkey and the European Union. The author discusses the essence of the Cyprus dispute, namely the occupation of the northern part of the island by Turkish armed forces. Further, he describes the influence of Cyprus’s integration with the EU on the EU-Turkey rela¬tions in the pre-Presidency period. The main part of the article focuses on the Cypriot Presidency, during which Cyprus did not entangle the other Member States in the problems of the divided island, but acted in the best interest of the entire EU. The reaction of the Turkish government, which boycotted the Presidency of the Republic of Cyprus, is also characterized.
EN
Despite the progress in education in recent years, the marginalization of students identified as having special educational needs (SEN) persists. Students characterized as having SEN is one of the factors that could change the status quo and lead to greater inclusion. The current research project adopted a mixed methodology to investigate this possibility. The research was conducted in five secondary schools in Cyprus, and 138 people participated. As the research is now complete, we can conclude that carers of students characterized as having SEN can act as mentors of both SEN children and non-SEN children.
EN
The main aim of the article is to explore the role of Collaborative Action Research (CAR) in promoting inclusive education within a mainstream school in Cyprus. The preliminary data for this research were gathered using a mixed methodology approach. CAR was then carried out in a single school with 150 participants. The study then examined the extent to which CAR enhanced inclusive education, using interviews. Finally, the results showed that CAR is one of the factors which can lead to inclusion.
EN
With the background of history and the current situation of Cyprus, the authors outline Polish-Cyprus relations over centuries, and they show present-day tourist attractiveness of the island. From the Middle Ages to the 19th century, Cyprus was only a stopover place for pilgrims going to the Holly Land. However, the number of Polish pilgrims and emigrants over the centuries was so impressive that today’s visit to the island can take the form of a tour of places connected with trips and current lives of fellow-Poles. The text attempts to expand the existing definition of Polish diaspora tourism as one of the subtypes of ethnic tourism. The article closes with a proposal of seven tourist routes and draft itineraries of excursions in the footsteps of Poles on Cyprus.
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