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EN
Chełm Hills is an area situated on the northern periphery of the Lublin Upland in the eastern part of Poland. It is a mesoregion covering about 722 square kilometres. Monadnocks and hillocks reaching the relative altitudes up to 300 metres above sea level, which are towering above the sandy of peaty plains are characteristic to this area. They are built of Cretaceous formations covered with layers of the Tertiary sandstones of varying thickness. Within them lies the Cretaceous flint raw material, which macroscopically is often similar to siliceous rocks occurring in the neighbouring areas of Volhynia, Volhynian Polesie and Podlasie. Current verification work has revealed mostly Prehistoric sites, documenting settlement from the Middle Palaeolithic to the end of the Bronze Age. Among these, the most numerous group is constituted by Late Palaeolithic and Early Bronze Age materials. The Late Palaeolithic sources were recorded most of all in the form of remnants of workshops documented by the presence of individual pre-cores, more numerous cores and accompanying débitage.
EN
The studied sandstones from the Giełczew Elevation and the Chełm Hills become an important unit that ended the Neogene deposition in the Lublin Region. They outcrop in the upper partof Sarmatian sandstones building the butte elevations up 100 m high. These sandstones are porous, with an undefined oligomictic rock skeleton. They are mainly structureless but some sedimentary structures (e.g. cross-bedding, convolute stratification), are also observed. Grain skeleton consistsin general of poorly rounded quartz grains and several percent of feldspars. Quartz is represented by triangle-shaped and poorly rounded crystals, with visible mineral corrosion, which indicates ashort transport and rounded grains (extraclasts with wavy light dimming), as well as by scarcely redeposited well-rounded quartzite clasts. This skeleton was cemented with a basal-contact matrix some rock voids, microfossils and ooids, replacing the primary carbonate bioclasts. Microsedimentary and paleontological analyses documented that the studied deposits originated probably in the shallow basins (e.g. ooids presented in some samples) with varied salinity and a significant input ofriverine material.
PL
Artykuł nie zawiera abstraktu w języku polskim
EN
The paper presents the results of paleoecological and chemical analyzes of bottom sediments of the small hardwater lake Pniówno. In the sediment profile of undisturbed structure, remains of subfossil Cladocera were analyzed, as well as the content of total organic carbon, carbonates and silica (with separation of terrigenous and biogenic fractions). The age of sediments was determined by dating with the 210Pb method. In addition, changes in the surface water network and catchment area were analyzed based on archival maps, covering the period from the beginning of the 19th century to modern times. Despite the widespread view of the deteriorating state of surface waters as a result of increased anthropogenic pressure, the example of the shallow Pniówno Lake indicates a periodic improvement in the state of water during the time covered by the analysis. This was probably caused by hydrological and climatic changes enabling the development of submerged macrophytes as well as settlement decline during the First World War.
PL
Artykuł przedstawia wyniki analiz paleoekologicznych i chemicznych osadów dennych małego, twardowodnego jeziora Pniówno. W profilu o niezaburzonej strukturze zanalizowano zmiany składu subfosylnej fauny wioślarek (Cladocera, Crustacea), oznaczono zawartość węgla organicznego, węglanów i krzemionki (z wydzieleniem frakcji terygenicznej i biogenicznej) oraz wiek osadów za pomocą datowania metodą 210Pb. Dodatkowo, w oparciu o mapy archiwalne, przeanalizowano zmiany sieci wód powierzchniowych i użytkowania zlewni w okresie od początku XIX w. po czasy współczesne. Mimo powszechnego poglądu o pogarszającym się stanie wód powierzchniowych na skutek wzrostu presji antropogenicznej w okresie objętym analizą stwierdzono okresową poprawę stanu wód, którego przyczyną były najprawdopodobniej zmiany hydrologiczne i klimatyczne, umożliwiające rozwój roślinności zanurzonej, a także pustka osadnicza spowodowana działaniami podczas I wojny światowej.
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