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Confucius: Philosophy between Philosophy

100%
Mickūnas A.
International Journal of Area Studies
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2013
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vol. 8
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issue 1
114-127
EN
The article is devoted to the philosophy of the well-known ancient Chinese sage Confucius paying attention to the Western misunderstandings of it. The fundamental differences between Chinese and Western civilizations, the problem of transcendence, and different attitude towards history are discussed in the text. Being neither a religion nor a philosophy in the strict Western sense of the word, Confucian thinking still finds its parallels among Western philosophies. The article faces the phenomenological task to discover concrete modes of awareness, their active engagements, and their correlate contents that are sufficiently broad and founding to cut across diverse disciplinary and cultural phenomena. This brief essay is a step in that direction with explicit commitment to Confucian explication and continuity of Chinese civilization. Despite variations and different levels of interpretation, a common context between Confucius and Western philosophical trends may be found.
2
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Meandry rozwoju Chin i ich wizja porządku światowego oraz swego miejsca na arenie międzynarodowej

100%
Zielonka M.
Forum Politologiczne
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2010
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vol. 11 - Chiny i państwa azjatyckie - karty z historii i wyzwania współczesności
51-89
EN
Complicated history, philosophy and more than three thousand years of civilization is a reason of many paradoxes in modern China. Learning more about Chinese culture, traditional way of thinking and history of the state is necessary to understand present internal politics, as well as Chinese way of thinking about foreign policy and international relations. As People's Republic of China becomes a global power, understanding the reasons of its international behavior might be an important issue for the rest of the world. Conviction of domination of Chinese civilization was one of the main pillars of traditional perception of the world order, preserved in cosmogony, rituals, law and philosophy of the state since the first dynasties. Chinese domination in the region, as well as its huge impact on the neighborhood areas was indisputable basically until the age of arising of Western imperialism, which is the reason why present Chinese foreign policy's goal is to play a crucial role in the South-Eastern Asia region. The crisis of Chinese sovereignty and political independence in the end of 19th and beginning of 20th century was a traumatic experience which still recalls in Chinese attitude towards international relations and demand for respect of self-determination of states. The question is, whether China as a global power, dominating in the region respects other countries rights to political independence.
3
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Zakorzeniona w przeszłości chińska wizja zielonej przyszłości. Koncepcja cywilizacji ekologicznej

63%
Mikrut-Żaczkiewicz A.
The Polish Journal of the Arts and Culture. New Series
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2022
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vol. 15
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issue 1
29-48
EN
At the end of the 20th century, in response to catastrophic environmental pollution and the failure of recovery efforts, the Chinese authorities looked for a model that could serve as an ideological framework for effective, comprehensive actions to protect nature and maintain economic growth – one of the most important goals of the CCP’s policy since the late 1970s. A theoretical and political framework known as „ecological civilization” (shengtai wenming) was developed in response to this desire. As its name implies, this idea integrates ecological discourse with civilizational discourse, situating environmental conservation in the broader context of China’s long-standing heritage and civilizational mission. The idea has also been given a political component, resulting in a globally unique environmental protection program, based on technological and economic development, as well as rooted in classical culture and reliant on an effective central government. The purpose of this article is to highlight the most significant sources of inspiration that shaped the idea of ecological civilisation and to define the fundamental tenets that underpin it.
PL
W obliczu katastrofalnego zanieczyszczenia środowiska i klęski prób naprawczych, pod koniec XX wieku chińskie władze poszukiwały modelu, który stać mógłby się ramą ideologiczną dla skutecznych, kompleksowych działań na rzecz ochrony przyrody i utrzymania wzrostu ekonomicznego – jednego z najważniejszych celów polityki KPCh od końca lat 70. XX wieku. W odpowiedzi na to zapotrzebowanie powstała teoretyczno – polityczna koncepcja o znaczącej nazwie – “cywilizacja ekologiczna” (shengtai wenming 生态文明). Koncepcja ta, jak sama nazwa wskazuje, łączy dyskurs ekologiczny z dyskursem cywilizacyjnym, wpisując ochronę środowiska w szerszy kontekst wielowiekowej tradycji oraz misji cywilizacyjnej Chin. Co więcej, koncept wzbogacony został o wymiar polityczny, tworząc unikatowy w skali globalnej program ochrony środowiska oparty na rozwoju gospodarczym i technologicznym, a do tego zakotwiczony w klasycznej kulturze i zależny od sprawnej władzy centralnej. Niniejszy artykuł próbuje nakreślić kluczowe założenia koncepcji ekologicznej cywilizacji oraz przedstawić najważniejsze źródła inspiracji, które miały wpływ na jej obecny kształt.
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