Search results

1

Competitiveness of the Polish Dairy Industry in the EU Market

100%

Szczubełek G.

Olsztyn Economic Journal

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2019

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vol. 14

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issue 4

383-395

EN

The structural transformations occurring in the Polish dairy industry, to a large extent, arise from the processes of its adaptation to the uniform EU market conditions. The thorough modernization of milk production and processing technologies has enabled the producers to achieve a considerable improvement of the quality of dairy products, which alongside the cost and price advantage of Polish dairy producers is an important contributor to the competitiveness in the EU market. The purpose of this study has been to make an assessment of the prospects for further growth in the competitiveness of the Polish dairy industry in international markets. The dairy industry in Poland was compared to selected EU countries with regards to the quality of raw material supplies, the worth and structure of the production of dairy products, labour efficiency, and production concentration. The study showed that any further growth in the export of Polish dairy products will require more intensive promotional campaigns, so that European consumers would be able to identify Poland with a greater array of dairy products.

2

The Impact of Price-Cost Competitiveness Factors on Economic Growth

80%

Baranová V.

Review of Economic Perspectives

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2013

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vol. 13

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issue 2

63-76

EN

The aim of this study is to verify the assumption that price-cost competitiveness factors affect long-term economic growth in the sample countries. This analysis is based on the neoclassical growth model extended by human capital. Furthermore, variables reflecting the cost-competitiveness and cost-effective real exchange rate and unit labor costs were added to the model. The default is a panel regression methodology and related methods of data analysis. The sample consists of EU member states that meet the requirement of a small open economy and membership in the OECD. On the basis of this criterion, the following countries were selected: Belgium, Czech Republic, Denmark, Estonia, Ireland, Hungary, Netherlands, Austria, Slovenia and the Slovak Republic. Annual frequency in the time frame 1999-2010 is the reference period. This is shown by the analysis results in the case that the selected sample of countries with affordable cost factors appears to be significant. The selected indicators of competitiveness can be one of the prominent factors that influence economic growth in developed countries, yet they are not a fully sufficient and comprehensive source of growth factors in terms of competitiveness.

3

The determinants of the regions's and its SMEs’ competitive position in the context of mega events - the case of the Euro 2012

80%

Wasilczuk J., Zawadzki K.

Przedsiębiorstwo we współczesnej gospodarce - teoria i praktyka

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2013

|

vol. 1

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issue 4

5-15

PL

W niniejszym opracowaniu wykorzystano zmodyfikowany model Preussa w celu oszacowania czynników przyczyniających się do zwiększenia konkurencyjności regionu i zlokalizowanych na jego obszarze przedsiębiorstw sektora MSP. Model Preussa nawiązuje do czynników kształtujących konkurencyjność regionu, ukazując powiązania pomiędzy wydarzeniem sportowym a zmianą czynników lokalizacji czynników, które zmieniają się pod wpływem wielkoformatowego wydarzenia sportowego. Zalicza się do nich: infrastrukturę, wiedzę, emocje, sieci, kulturę i wyobrażenia. Model Preussa zespala dwie grupy teoretycznych rozważań: teorii wpływu imprez wielkoformatowych na region oraz teorii konkurencyjności regionu. W obu przypadkach podkreśla się występowanie nie tylko czynników mierzalnych (infrastruktura, zasoby ludzkie), ale także tych niemierzalnych (emocje, wyobrażenia, aspekty kulturowe itp.).

EN

In this paper a modified Preuss model was used to assess the factors to enhance the competitiveness of the region and the SMEs located in the region. To accomplish the above, six types of event-structure were applied: infrastructure, knowledge, networks, culture, image and emotions. They were described in detail in reference to the case of Euro 2012 in Poland and the Pomeranian region in particular. Finally the Authors take the attempt to describe the connection between the determinants and the possible competitive position of region and its SMEs.

4

Evaluation of the export potential of Latvia with EU countries categorized by groups of goods

80%

Pancenko E., Ivanova T.

Forum Scientiae Oeconomia

|

2018

|

issue Volume 6 (2018) Issue No. 2: Economic Growth, Innovations and Lobbying

37-50

EN

The relevance of the research subject is related to the fact that exports are an integral part of the overall economic potential of any state and largely determine the pace of its economic development. The slowing of export growth relates to exports to the EU countries in recent years; the negative trade balance of Latvia with these countries increases the need to analyse the factors affecting the realisation of export potential and to search for opportunities to do so. The purpose of this study is to analyse the export potential of Latvia to the EU countries, categorised by groups of goods. To achieve the goal of the study, it was necessary to determine the essence of the export potential, identify factors that affect the implementation of the country’s export potential and assess the export potential of trade between Latvia and the EU countries by groups of goods. The study used quantitative and qualitative methods of analysis, statistical data analysis, as well as methods for assessing the potential of Latvian exports to the EU countries. As a result of the study, groups of goods with trade potential for export to the EU countries have been identified.

5

Dilemmas and Confines with Personal Income Taxation Harmonization Process

80%

Wołowiec T.

Studia Europejskie-Studies in European Affairs

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2016

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vol. 4

94-116

EN

During the development of the Treaty of Rome it was decided that, to assure a common market, it was enough to harmonise indirect taxes and remove trade barriers as they were the prime inhibitors to the flow of goods and services. The harmonisation of direct (income) taxes was not considered as they were seen as not signifi cantly affecting the single internal market. Problems tied to direct taxation became visible as integration proceeded, the EU grew, its citizens began to migrate, multinational enterprises increased in size and scope and their financial flows (capital and profi t transfers between headquarters and subsidiaries in different EU countries) became seriously affected.

6

Model of the Factors Influencing Competitiveness of the Latvian Fisheries Sector Cluster

80%

Biukšāne I.

Economics and Business

|

2016

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vol. 28

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issue 1

76-82

EN

The aim of the research is to elaborate the model of factors influencing competitiveness of the Latvian fisheries sector cluster. Based on the studied scientific literature, the research provides an improved definition of the sector competitiveness and defines the factors influencing the competitiveness of the sector. As a result of the analysis, the author has discovered that there are several internal and external social, economic, political and environmental factors that influence the competitiveness of the Latvian fisheries sector cluster. It is advisable to the institutions involved in fisheries policy-making to take into account the identified factors, influencing the competitiveness, and their changes when making and improving the general policy of the sector.

7

Stochastic frontier analysis of regional competitiveness

80%

Furková A., Surmanová K.

Metody Ilościowe w Badaniach Ekonomicznych

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2011

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vol. 12

|

issue 1

67-76

EN

The regional competitiveness is the source of national competitiveness and the efficiency measuring and relative regional efficiency comparison are crucial questions for analysts as well as for economic policy creators. Regional competitiveness becomes a subject of evaluation due to increasing significance of regions in concept of European Union. This paper deals with the application of parametric benchmarking method – Stochastic Frontier Analysis (SFA) for measuring technical efficiency of NUTS2 regions of V4 countries within the time period of 8 years.

8

The model of competitiveness assessment of coopetition network systems – competition and cooperation of enterprises in the global economy

80%

Rosińska-Bukowska M.

Journal of Economics and Management

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2016

|

vol. 24

5-13

EN

The paper presents the concept of network systems competitiveness evaluations. The aim of the paper is to draw the attention on the necessity of deepening analysis of new factors which are dedicated to assess competitiveness of modern business systems. The paper presents the concept of the synthetic measure for global business networks – creation of value added in coopetition networks. It is the project of multidimensional assessment of network systems with international multilevel competitiveness structures. In the paper is presented the own concept of indicator – to take into account the qualitative dimension of building international competitiveness based on available quantitative data.

9

Explaining Finnish Economic and Social Success - And Happiness

70%

Andersson J. O.

Studia Europejskie-Studies in European Affairs

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2022

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vol. 26

|

issue 4

177-198

EN

This article explores the reasons behind the high economic and social rankings for Finland. It also reflects on why Finland is considered the “happiest” country in the world (according to a World Happiness Report). Using empirical data from two studies - an article comparing high-andlow-tax countries, and the aforementioned recent World Happiness Report - it compares Finland with its Nordic neighbours and other Western, especially Anglo-American, countries. The essay outlines a so-called “Finnish model' and looks for the roots of this model. Comparing measures in several dimensions - effort, culture, institutions, and economic and social outcomes - the essay tries to find characteristics that are particular for Finland. Education, innovation, and economic security, as well as trust, gender equality, resilient conflict solutions, and geo-historical luck, are crucial to Finland's success. Three notable Germans - Luther, Hegel, and Marx - have influenced Finnish culture and society in different ways. Is Finland the country that comes closest to the ideal - “From each according to his ability, to each according to his needs” (Marx, 1875).

10

Lithuanian export competitiveness before economic recession

70%

Kalendiene J., Miliauskas G.

Business and Economic Horizons

|

2011

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vol. 4

|

issue 1

40-51

EN

The research paper discusses the concept of competitiveness of economy and analyzes export as an indicator of it. The analysis is started by the historical review of export development. Statistical data show that three Baltic countries have been following different path of export growth since Russian crisis. Different export market orientation and manufacturing sector's longer reorientation process provide an explanation. Furthermore, the historical analysis shows that export growth relation with foreign demand growth and GDP growth is not as strong as it might be expected. In order to estimate possible long-run GDP growth prospects, the structural analysis of trade is performed. The conclusions of the latter revealed high dependence of trade on conjuncture in foreign markets and supported the need of further price and non-price competitiveness analysis. Surprisingly, the results of the former indicate that price indicators do little to explain export development. Conversely, the results of the latter, based on CMSA methodology, show that market orientation of Lithuanian exports adds the most to its competitiveness; meanwhile the product orientation is generally unfavorable. Finally, the relation between FDI structure by countries and trade flows of processed industrial supplies is analyzed. Although data analysis does not reject the existence of such hypothesis, a more detail analysis should be conducted in the future.

11

Analysis of factors which impact on a country’s economic development and competitive advantages

61%

Tošović-Stevanović A.

Progress in Economic Sciences

|

2018

|

issue 5

31-41

PL

Konkurencyjność, jako jeden z kluczowych czynników rozwoju kraju, umożliwia poprawę ogólnej atmosfery gospodarczej zarówno dla jednostek, jak i dla samych przedsiębiorstw oraz dla całego kraju. Ponieważ zmiana jest nie tylko pożądana, ale wręcz wymagana, staje się jasne, że jest ona jednym z warunków przetrwania na rynkach światowych. W niniejszym artykule przeanalizowano teorię konkurencyjności, zgodnie z którą kompetencje niektórych krajów nie były dziedziczone, lecz tworzone strategicznymi wyborami i realizacją celów, w oparciu o wiedzę i rozwiniętą infrastrukturę, zaawansowane technologie i innowacje. W tym kontekście duże znaczenie mają analizy wskaźników konkurencyjności, na podstawie których można wykazać sukces przedsiębiorstwa i branży przemysłowej, porównując liczne aspekty makroekonomiczne (polityka makroekonomiczna, infrastuktura rynkowa, rozwój instytucjonalny) i czynniki mikroekonomiczne (otoczenie biznesu, zaawansowane operacje i strategie firmy).Na potrzeby tego badania wykorzystano metodologię Światowego Forum Ekonomicznego, która przyczynia się do lepszego zrozumienia profilu konkurencyjności niektórych krajów oraz sposobów ich poprawy i specjalizacji. Określone rankingi pomagają twórcom polityki gospodarczej kształtować i oceniać wyniki krajowe pod względem konkurencyjności, co dodatkowo pomaga firmom w poprawie ich konkurencyjności w stosunku do innych podmiotów. Stworzenie wysoce konkurencyjnej gospodarki jest złożonym i ciągłym zadaniem dla każdego kraju, który chce się rozwijać, i w tym kontekście rola państwa w tworzeniu środowiska, które pobudzi konkurencyjność, jest najważniejsza, ponieważ jest to sposób na złagodzenie skutków recesji i ożywienie gospodarcze.

EN

Competitiveness, as one of the key factors in a country’s development, enables improvement of the overall atmosphere for individuals and for firms, and for the country itself when compared with other similar entities. Since change is not just desired but required, it becomes clear that change is one of the preconditions for survival in world markets. This paper examines the theory of competitiveness, according to which the competencies of certain countries were not inherited, but created through strategic choices and their implementation, based on knowledge and developed infrastructure, high technology and innovation. In this context, analyses of competitiveness indicators are of great importance. Based on these it is possible to evaluate business success at company and industry level, by comparing numerous macroeconomic (macroeconomic policy, market infrastructure, institutional development) and microeconomic factors, business environment, sophistication of company operations and strategies). For the purposes of this study, we analyzed the World Economic Forum methodology, which contributes to a better understanding of the competitiveness profile of certain countries and how they can improve and spacialize. Certain rankings help the creators of economic policy to shape and evaluate national results in terms of competitiveness, which further assists firms in improving their competitiveness in relations to other firms. The creation of a highly competitive economy is a complex and continuous task for any country that wishes to develop, and in that context the role of the state in creating an environment that will stimulate competitiveness is paramount, as this is a way to mitigate the effects of recession and determine the speed of economic recovery.

12

Wykorzystanie wskaźnika TTCI w ocenie konkurencyjności regionu turystycznego

61%

Rupik K.

Studia Ekonomiczne

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2015

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vol. 215

90-103

PL

Celem opracowania jest identyfikacja założeń metodologicznych konstruk-cji wskaźnika TTCI (Travel & Tourism Competitiveness Index) oraz wykorzystanie tego wskaźnika do określenia pozycji konkurencyjnej Polski jako regionu turystycznego wśród krajów sąsiednich. TTCI to jeden z najbardziej złożonych, syntetycznych indeksów wyko-rzystywanych w pomiarze konkurencyjności regionów turystycznych. W opracowaniu do-konano przeglądu wskaźników stosowanych w pomiarze pozycji konkurencyjnej regionu turystycznego, następnie zaprezentowano założenia metodologiczne wskaźnika TTCI oraz wyniki badań konkurencyjności Polski jako regionu turystycznego. W końcowej części opracowania przedstawiono syntetycznie zalety i ograniczenia wskaźnika TTCI.

EN

The paper refers to one of the most complex, synthetic index of the competi-tiveness of tourist regions, i.e. TTCI (Travel & Tourism Competitiveness Index). It con-tains methodological assumptions and findings of research in which TTCI has been ap-plied, focusing on the Polish competitiveness comparing with the rivals (including neighbouring countries).

13

Selektywna polityka migracyjna ukierunkowana na pozyskanie wysoko wykwalifikowanej kadry a konkurencyjność państwa przyjmującego

61%

Piekutowska A.

Studia Ekonomiczne

|

2018

|

vol. 352

163-173

PL

Proces akumulacji kapitału ludzkiego, tak istotnego dla konkurencyjności gospodarki, napotyka na bariery: czasowe, finansowe czy wynikające z mobilności tego kapitału. Alternatywą może być imigracja wysoko wykwalifikowanej kadry. Szereg państw prowadzi politykę migracyjną ukierunkowaną na napływ specjalistów. Rodzą się stąd pytania: które państwa wygrywają w globalnym wyścigu o talenty i jakie polityki migracyjne są skuteczne w tym zakresie? Celem artykułu była odpowiedź na nie. Rozważania pozwalają wnioskować, że o ile system punktowy jest skuteczny w procesie akumulacji kapitału ludzkiego, to z punktu widzenia konkurencyjności gospodarek zarówno w krótkim, jak i w długim okresie najkorzystniejszy jest jednak system hybrydowy.

EN

The process of accumulation of human capital (important for the competitiveness of the state) encounters barriers: in the scope of time, financial constraints or arising from human capital mobility. Alternative may be immigration of highly qualified staff. A number of countries have a migration policy aimed at influx of professionals. A few questions arise at this point: which countries win in the global race for talents and what migration policies are effective in this scope? The purpose of this article was to answer these questions. Considerations allow one to conclude that, while the point system is effective in the process of accumulation of human capital, the hybrid system is the most advantageous in terms of competitiveness both in the short and in the long run.

14

Theoretical Aspects of Enterprise Competitiveness

61%

Sieradzka K., Luft R.

Central European Review of Economics & Finance

|

2015

|

issue Vol. 10, No 4

133-141

EN

Competitiveness of enterprises is a multi-dimensional and relative notion without a universally approved definition. It is most commonly understood as the ability for rivalry against other market players. A competitive enterprise is capable of flexible and beneficial adaptation to changing operational conditions. Contemporary theories of enterprise competitiveness stress the ability to employ available knowledge and skills. Permanent competitive advantage in the market is assured to those having rare resources which are difficult to imitate and have no substitutes in the market.(original abstract)

15

Specialization and competitiveness of polish voivodships in crop production in Poland

61%

Tłuczak A.

Studia Ekonomiczne

|

2015

|

vol. 247

96-106

EN

The objective of the present paper is to classify Polish voivodships regarding specialization and competitiveness of crop production in the sectors of wheat, rye and oats. Crop production structure in the sectors grouped based on type of crop in the period of 2004-2014 was the subject of the analysis. The analysis was based on structural and geographical shift-share analysis which enabled a classification of Polish voivodships regarding crop production changes effects and also an assessment of crop production structures related to the reference space, i.e. regional area of the Polish voivodships. The performed research also allowed for the identification of crop production structures characterized by specialization and competitiveness in wheat, rye and oats.

PL

Przestrzenna metoda przesunięć udziałów stanowi alternatywę klasycznej analizy shift-share, w której nie jest uwzględnione geograficzne położenie rozważanych regionów. Wiele zachodzących zjawisk, ich rozwój czy też kierunki zmian są bowiem uzależnione od przestrzennych interakcji zachodzących pomiędzy sąsiadującymi regionami. Model przestrzennej analizy shift-share został wprowadzony do badań przez Nazarę i Hewingsa. Model ten przedstawia przestrzennie zmodyfikowane stopy wzrostu (tempa zmian) poszczególnych wariantów zjawiska przez uwzględnienie temp wzrostu zjawiska w obszarach sąsiadujących. Celem artykułu jest analiza zmian struktury produkcji rolnej w województwach Polski w latach 2004-2014 według rodzajów gatunków zbóż z zastosowaniem przestrzennej dynamicznej metody przesunięć udziałów. W opracowaniu dokonano oceny tempa wzrostu wielkości zjawiska. Ponadto zidentyfikowano i oszacowano udział czynników strukturalnych, sektorowych oraz regionalnych (lokalnych, przestrzennych) w wielkości efektu globalnego (produkcji zbóż w Polsce ogółem) w przekroju województw. Dodatkowo włączono do badania aspekty przestrzenne (zależności międzyregionalne) w postaci macierzy wag przestrzennych, która umożliwiła włączenie do badania aspektów związanych z zachodzącymi zależnościami ponadregionalnymi.

16

Wpływ współpracy na poziom konkurencyjności i aktywności innowacyjnej przedsiębiorstw

61%

Świadek A., Płonka M.

Nierówności społeczne a wzrost gospodarczy

|

2013

|

issue 34

301-319

PL

W gospodarce opartej na wiedzy współpraca w zakresie wymiany wiedzy staje się jednym z najważniejszych czynników w walce o uzyskanie przewagi konkurencyjnej. Celem artykułu jest wykazanie roli współpracy jako jednego z kluczowych czynników decy-dujących o pozycji konkurencyjnej przedsiębiorstw. W artykule wyjaśniono pojęcia konkurencyjności, innowacyjności i kooperacji, dokonując jednocześnie podziału biorąc pod uwagę różne kryteria. Przedstawiono istotę struktur sieciowych i klastrowych. Po wyjaśnieniu tych kluczowych dla niniejszego opracowania pojęć na zakończenie opisano znaczenie kooperacji dla kształtowania poziomu konkurencyjności i innowacyjności przedsiębiorstw. Artykuł podejmuje problematykę istoty i znaczenia kooperacji pomiędzy przedsiębiorstwami i pomiędzy przedsiębiorstwami a instytucjami otoczenia biznesu w budowaniu konkurencyjności i innowacyjności przedsiębiorstw. Wskazuje, jak transformacja gospodarki i zmiany uwarunkowań globalnego rynku, doprowadziły w ostatnich latach do stwierdzenia, że jednym z kluczowych czynników na poprawę innowacyjności i konkurencyjności przedsiębiorstw jest właśnie ich wza-jemna współpraca, która jest wyznacznikiem rynkowej pozycji podmiotów, a dodatkowo warun-kuje możliwość odniesienia sukcesu w rywalizacji rynkowej i znacząco wpływa na poziom inno-wacyjności przedsiębiorstwa.

EN

In economy based on the knowledge, cooperation within the exchange of the knowledge be-comes one of the most important factors in a fight for gaining an advantage. The purpose of the article is to demonstrate the role of cooperation as one of the most signifi-cant factors determining the competitive position of the enterprises. In the article, the concepts of competitiveness, innovation and cooperation are explained. At the same time, collaboration is divided, taking into account various criteria. The article presents the essence of network and cluster structures. After explaining these key, for this study, terms, the final part of the article describes the meaning of cooperation for creating the level of competitive-ness and innovation of the companies. The article deals with the issues of the essence and meaning of cooperation between enterprises and, between them and institutions connected with business, in building competitiveness and innovation of the enterprises. It shows that in recent years the transformation of the economy and the changes in global market conditions have led to a thought that one of the key factors in improving innovation and competitiveness of the enterprises is their mutual cooperation, which is a measure of the market position of the entities. Additionally, collaboration determines the possibility of succeeding in a market competition and considerably influences the level of innovation of the company.

17

Działania podejmowane przez tajemniczych mistrzów polskiej gospodarki w czasie kryzysu finansowego

61%

Zastempowski M.

Studia Ekonomiczne

|

2015

|

vol. 229

194-205

PL

Problematyka stanowiąca główny obszar poruszanych zagadnień dotyka dwóch kwestii: tajemniczych mistrzów polskiej gospodarki oraz kryzysu finansowego ostatnich lat. Głównym celem niniejszego tekstu jest próba odpowiedzi na pytanie, jak na kryzys reagują tajemniczy mistrzowie i czy podejmują podobne działania, jak inne „typowe” przedsiębiorstwa? Jego realizację oparto na wynikach badań empirycznych przeprowadzonych w 2010 r. w ramach projektu badawczego Ministerstwa Nauki i Szkolnictwa Wyższego nr N N115 008237 pt. „Niematerialne wartości źródłem ukrytej przewagi konkurencyjnej tajemniczych mistrzów polskiej gospodarki”, realizowanego w Wydziale Nauk Ekonomicznych i Zarządzania Uniwersytetu Mikołaja Kopernika w Toruniu.

EN

The problems discussed in the paper refer to two main issues: the hidden champions of the Polish economy and the financial crisis of recent years. The main objective of this paper is an attempt to find the answer on the question: how hidden champions react to the crisis and whether they take similar actions as the other “typicalˮ enterprises? Its realization was based on the empirical research conducted in 2010 as part of a research project of the Ministry of Science and Higher Education No. N N115 008237 Fri. “Intangible values as a source of the hidden competitive advantage of the Polish hidden championsˮ implemented in the Faculty of Economics and Management, Nicolas Copernicus University in Torun.

18

The Improvement of HR-management as a Factor of Increasing of Companies’ Competitiveness in the Labour Market

61%

Buyar K.

Studia Commercialia Bratislavensia

|

2015

|

vol. 8

|

issue 31

340-352

EN

In my article were researched market economy mechanisms for increasing the competitiveness of companies in the labour market. The paper target was to prove the need to use economic and administrative mechanisms to improve a level of competitiveness of the company in the labour market. Such researches become more important today, because after my empirical analyse of literature I can only conclude that not a lot of researchers studied in this field of science and the most theories suggest that only employees must be competitive on the labour market. But as a result of my research I can deny this one-sided view and can confirm that nowadays not just employees, but also employers compete with each other in the labour market. So, successful organizations must pay big attention to the processes of HR-management, which must be improved. But not enough attention is paid to the system of management and its impact on workers. It is important to form close links between existing system management with inherent for company effective economic management mechanisms in the companies with the level of competitiveness of the company in the labour market. So the results of my research showed that companies must develop economic and administrative mechanisms to improve their competitiveness in the labour market. These mechanisms are a set of applied styles and methods of management that have a direct impact on the loyalty of workers and consequently, enhance its competitiveness both inside the company and in external labour markets. So I can conclude that the paper target was achieved.

19

The Economics of Happiness: Future or Reality in Russia?

61%

Yashina M.

Studia Commercialia Bratislavensia

|

2015

|

vol. 8

|

issue 30

266-274

EN

The scientific paper, which was processed by the author, deals with the issue of urban environment and conditions in which residents feel themselves in this environment more secure, successful and, of course, happy. The article presents a comparative analysis of the Singapore experience in improving the urban environment, which at one time allowed this small Asian country to take a leading position in the world economy. Author believes that the economics of happiness is the economy of the future. Happy people are able to improve their KPI, to work more efficiently; they become more competitive, and, consequently, the country improves its competitiveness. The article deals with different approaches to evaluate the happiness and well-being of residents from different countries and provides examples of projects aimed to improve the happiness of the inhabitants of the cities.

20

Konkurencyjność krajów Unii Europejskiej w międzynarodowym handlu usługami

61%

Kołodziejczak M., Pawlak K.

Wiadomości Statystyczne. The Polish Statistician

|

2013

|

issue nr 9

46-56

XX

Celem artykułu jest utworzenie typologii krajów UE opartej na kryteriach dotyczących wartości eksportu w poszczególnych działach usług oraz na ich udziale w całkowitej wartości eksportowanych usług. Na podstawie zbudowanej typologii przeprowadzono analizę pozycji konkurencyjnej ex post państw UE we wspólnotowym handlu usługami w 2009 r. W badaniu konkurencyjności uwzględniono wybrane rodzaje usług stanowiących przedmiot wymiany handlowej, tj. usługi transportowe i turystyczne (mające największy udział w obrotach) oraz łącznościowe, budowlane, ubezpieczeniowe, finansowe, a także informatyczne i informacyjne. (fragment tekstu)

EN

This article presents a typology of EU countries based on criteria of the ex-ports value in the different types of services and their participation in the total value of services exported. An analysis of the competitive position ex post of the European Union states in the Community trade of services was prepared based on a constructed typology. The study of competitiveness takes into account the transport and tourism (the largest share of turnover) services as well as communications, construction, insurance, financial, IT and information services. The typology of EU countries was created using Ward's method, with a group of hierarchical agglomeration clustering methods. (original abstract)

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