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The authors examine the specificity of Czersk within the protected landscape as well as factors stimulating its development as an urban-natural complex. Furthermore, they list premises for a general and detailed ecological protection of Czersk, postulating the distinction of zones and quarters and a precise delineation of the manner of their individual development, which would take into consideration their unique character.
EN
The Town Planning Team o f ZAMEK (The Castle) Designing Office (Designer-in-Chief: Olgierd Sawicki, Arch.; Teresa Rogowska, M. Arch., and Małgorzata Ciarka-Drzewiecka, Arch.) has taken up research and designing work on the plan for revalorization o f the so-called protected substance which is also understood as valuable formations of natural environment integrated with historical groupings. The method o f preparation of the plan, as proposed by the Team, provides for studies on the subject being carried on in the scale of four areas: the surrounding area (1:100 000—1:25 000) covers the linkages between the protected substance and factors which influence it in an essential way. The author’s analyses give the grounds for conclusions determining the functions of protected substance in town and the conditions whose satisfaction will provide for its further existence. The area o f the so-called conservation zones (1:1000—1:2000) embraces the protected substance and lay-out and the attendant valuable natural formations of the surrounding. In this area the zones subject to conservation and protection are demarcated and the conditions established of work on implementing the projects concerned. The adopted protection zones are as follows: A — protection of the historical grouping, В — protection of the historical lay-out, E ■— zone of exposition of the protected substance, К — landscape protection, W — protection of excavation sites and archaeological relics. The area covered by the detailed plan for revalorization (1 :5000— —1:2000) is in line with that of the structural town planning unit, in which the protected substance, e.g. the historical grouping is situated. It is for this area that a development plan is drawn up in the manner of a detailed plan. The decisions o f that plan are meant to ensure to the protected grouping and lay-out lasting existence within the urban organism. The area of the project for revalorization embraces only the historical grouping for which an overall (multi-branch) concept of implementation project is drawn up (1 :400 —1:100) for the grouping as a whole. Work on revalorization plan is carried out a t two stages: Stage I — at which assumptions of revalorization plan are prepared on the basis of the studies conducted in the scale of bout the surrounding area and that o f conservation zones. Stage II — work on the detailed plan for revalorization and on implementation project. The theoretical pursuits o f the Town Planning Team are translated by it into practice. The plan for revalorization o f the historical complex of Góra Kalwaria an d Czersk is the first one drawn up in consonance with the new method. The study of the development o f conservation zones (basing on that prepared for Góra Kalwaria) makes an attempt a t a somewhat different approach to the problem of further development of a historical organism, with industrial building materials being used for the purpose. As regards construction o f spatial lay-outs the binding principles are those of attractive appearance of streets and buildings and structures o f minor scale and of the search for multi-function patterns.
EN
This article discusses the results of archaeological and anthropological research concerning material remains of a prisoner of war camp in Czersk (Pomeranian province, Poland) (Kriegsgefangenenlager Czersk). In the first part, I sketch a broader historical context related to building and functioning of the camp in forests around Czersk between 1914–1919. After that, the role and meaning of  archaeological research on such type of archaeological sites are presented. In the third part, I focus on a very special category of the camp heritage which is called trench art. The last part of this paper is a case study where an assemblage of objects classified as trench art that was found at the camp is described and interpreted. This text aims at highlighting the value of such prisoners and camp’s heritage. Such material culture is a material memory of extraordinary prisoners’ creativity behind barbed wire. It makes one aware of how every piece of trash, rubbish was re-cycled during day-to-day life behind barbed wire.
EN
Archaeological research in Płock, Radom and Czersk was connected with a project carried out to honour the Millennium of the Polish State. This paper presents the results of the millennial studies as well as recent verification research that allowed to correct the dating of the beginnings of the settlement complexes. It also verified the vision of vast „early urban settlements” adjacent to strongholds that appeared as a result of the millennial studies. Settlement complexes in Płock, Radom and Czersk can be defined as typical mid-level early Piast centres of power that were developing from the early 11th century and were replaced in 14th century by castles and incorporated towns.
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