Search results

1

RIGHTS OF PERSONS BELONGING TO THE NATIONAL MINORITIES IN INTERNATIONAL LAW

100%

Smihula D.

Polish Yearbook of International Law

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2008

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vol. 28

95-136

EN

Throughout its historic development, the stress put in international law on the protection of national minorities has been stronger or weaker depending upon the momentary interest of states. In (general) international law, the term 'national minority' has not yet been legally defined. Such a definition has been formulated only for Europe. This article explores these historical developments and attempts to explain the current differences in the definition in various tribunals and jurisdictions. In this context it also compares the systems of protection of national minorities at the international and European level.

2

Studies on Discrimination in Employee Remuneration

100%

Sekula Z.

Zarządzanie Zasobami Ludzkimi

|

2006

|

issue 1(46)

57-66

EN

The methods that can be used to analysis and evaluation of the existence of discrimination in the wages of workers are presented on the example of actual firm. The following methods are used in the study: the essential evaluation of the construction of constituent elements of the fee system, questionnaires and work valuation. The results of the investigation are used to work up the project of the fee scale charges and to show the range of discrimination of work.

3

Charakter prawny odszkodowania za dyskryminację w zatrudnieniu

100%

Paweł C.

Praca i Zabezpieczenie Społeczne

|

2012

|

issue 2

26-31

EN

Implementation of EU antidiscrimination law evoked in Poland a few theoretical issues that has not been solved so far. One of those appeared in relation to the nature of compensation for discriminatory treatment. In the article the author analyzes the purpose of the compensation and its consequences for setting the amount of it. The author notes that traditionally, the only purpose of civil compensation is to reimburse the plaintiff for damage. It is not clear whether it is true in relation to compensation for discriminatory treatment. The author writes that in Polish doctrine appeared an opinion that compensation for discriminatory treatment is directed not only to compensate the employee but also to punish and deter the perpetrator, and in fact it has some characteristics of a criminal sanction. The author is in favor of that view but he adds to it some reservations.

4

Intolerance towards national minorities and ethnic groups: the case of Romany

100%

Kwadrans L.

Sprawy Narodowościowe

|

2004

|

issue 24-25

181-193

EN

The Romany are most helpless and unwanted among European national minorities. It is possible to notice their increasing impoverishment. Communities in certain countries tend to isolate them. The Romany are also left without jobs, their health care conditions are getting worse and the education level among the children and young people is low. Two thirds of Gypsies in Europe live in the countries which are members of the European Union and they usually play a secondary role in the societies. This article presents psychological and sociological factors which distinguish the Romany among the majority of the society. This leads to high exposure to the acts of discrimination, intolerance and the lack of acceptance of the Gypsies leaders. Such cases happen in Poland, the Czech Republic, and Slovakia, and in other countries. The documentation of the European Roma Right Center concerning such discrimination acts towards the Romany is getting bigger. Many documents include numerous cases of hate speech, situations like the one in Usti on the Elbe and acts of violence towards the members of this community. These events increase the tempo of departures of the Romany to the countries of Western Europe and influence their ethnic mobilization. Such cases also create certain organizational structures which are able to represent the Romany interests.

5

Primary-school segregation II. The process of primary-school segregation in Hungary and performance differences between schools.

80%

Kertesi G., Kezdi G.

Kozgazdasagi Szemle (Economic Review)

|

2005

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vol. 52

|

issue 5

429-447

EN

The paper looks at how segregation mechanisms in the primary school system can aggravate social inequality. School segregation (teaching students with different social background in different schools or different classrooms) can emerge in many ways. It can be initiated by local authorities, but laissez-faire or universal voucher system is also likely to lead to segregation if parents are free to choose schools and schools are free to choose students. There are documented cases of segregation in the first way in Hungary, but the second way is even more important, as the Hungarian primary school system is close to a universal voucher model. Based on economic theory and international evidence, the paper argues that in a segregated environment, children from disadvantaged families are bound to receive education of a lower quality than they would in a more integrated environment. Besides peer effects, lower-quality teaching in classrooms with more disadvantaged students is a necessary consequence if teachers are not compensated for the extra work - as they are not in Hungary. Hungarian data are scarce, but the available evidence suggests that primary schools have become more unequal since 1989, which has led to more unequal student outcomes. Correlation of family background and student outcomes is extremely strong in Hungary, by international comparison. Unequal primary schooling is probably an important factor in creating that correlation. Hungarian primary schools therefore play a significant role in increasing inherited inequality, which is clearly detrimental for efficiency and moral reasons.

6

Tożsamość jednostek i grup dyskryminowanych w perspektywie socjologicznej

80%

Porankiewicz-Żukowska A.

Pogranicze. Studia Społeczne

|

2013

|

vol. 22

25-35

EN

Te main area of the article refers to individual identity and identity of discriminated groups in terms of sociological perspective. Te author analyses this phenomenon in the context of self-consciousness, agency internalization of social roles and group self-consciousness. However, social interactions issue is the most crucial study of this article. Te whole area of the study based on the theory of Erving Gofman, Jacek Kochanowski and Manuel Castells.

7

STEREOTYPES AND PREJUDICE TOWARDS WOMEN MANAGERS: AN EXPERIMENTAL ILLUSTRATION USING THE GOLDBERG-PARADIGM IN A ROMANIAN SAMPLE

80%

Curseu P., Boros S.

Studia Psychologica

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2008

|

vol. 50

|

issue 3

233-254

EN

An experimental study based on Goldberg's paradigm was carried out to investigate stereotypical attitudes towards the women managers in a mixed gender sample. 329 participants were asked to participate in a simulated personnel selection decision task. 166 participants had to choose between 2 resumes describing 2 men, while 163 participants had to choose between the same 2 resumes, but they were told that the first resume belonged to a woman. All participants were also asked to assess the managerial skills, orientation towards task and towards relations of both candidates. The results show a clear drop of preferences in the second experimental condition for the resume describing a woman compared with the preferences expressed by the participants in the first experimental condition for the same resume describing a man. Also, the participants in the second experimental condition rated the male applicant's managerial skills, task orientation and relationships orientation higher than the female applicant's. However, contrary to what was expected, women rates were equally as discriminative against woman applicant as men rates were. This result does not support the prediction of the implicit social cognition theory and is explained by the traditional values of Romanian culture, in which women are much more perceived as being engaged in the private sphere than the public one.

8

Segregation in the primary-school system, I. Causes and consequences.

80%

Kertesi G., Kezdi G.

Kozgazdasagi Szemle (Economic Review)

|

2005

|

vol. 52

|

issue 4

317-355

EN

The paper looks at how segregation mechanisms in the primary school system can aggravate social inequality. School segregation (teaching students with different social background in different schools or different classrooms) can emerge in many ways. It can be initiated by local authorities, but laissez-faire or universal voucher system is also likely to lead to segregation if parents are free to choose schools and schools are free to choose students. There are documented cases of segregation in the first way in Hungary, but the second way is even more important, as the Hungarian primary school system is close to a universal voucher model. Based on economic theory and international evidence, the paper argues that in a segregated environment, children from disadvantaged families are bound to receive education of a lower quality than they would in a more integrated environment. Besides peer effects, lower quality teaching in classrooms with more disadvantaged students is a necessary consequence if teachers are not compensated for the extra work - as they are not in Hungary. Hungarian data are scarce, but the available evidence suggests that primary schools have become more unequal since 1989, which has led to more unequal student outcomes. Correlation of family background and student outcomes is extremely strong in Hungary, by international comparison. Unequal primary schooling is probably an important factor in creating that correlation. Hungarian primary schools therefore play a significant role in increasing inherited inequality, which is clearly detrimental for efficiency and moral reasons.

9

The employment of the Roma at the end of the 20th century

80%

Kertesi G.

Szociologiai Szemle (Sociological Review)

|

2005

|

vol. 15

|

issue 2

57-87

EN

The paper is based on individual data of the 1993 and 2003 representative Roma surveys as well as for national controls on the individual files of the 1992-2003 national labor force surveys. A detailed account is given on the relative employment chances and the stability of employment of the Roma by the end of the 20th century. The important role of the public work programs is emphasized in maintaining the instability of the Roma employment.

10

Discrimination in shopping centers

80%

Palosi E., Sik E., Simonovits B.

Szociologiai Szemle (Sociological Review)

|

2007

|

vol. 17

|

issue 3-4

135-148

EN

The aim of the research was to measure the level and mechanism of discrimination against Roma and obese women in women's clothing shops in shopping centers. The method we used was discrimination testing (audit). The three testers were identical as far as their age, education and clothing style were concerned. The only difference among them was their ethnic background and weight. The result of the testing (N=51) was that both being Roma and obese significantly decrease the probability of being hired.

11

Discrimination practices in social assistance

80%

Trawkowska D.

Problemy Polityki Społecznej. Studia i Dyskusje

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2005

|

vol. 8

149-159

EN

The research described here was qualitative in approach and was conducted in 2004 and 2005. The main goal of it was identification of discriminatory practices in some social assistance institutions in Poland. Besides their scale and different forms it was pointed out to overt and covert functions which discriminatory practices have in the context of professionalization of social work. Prevalence of these practices cast doubts on adherence to rules of ethical standards in social assistance institutions and among social work professionals.

12

Genderové nerovnosti v odměňování na stejné pracovní pozici: sociální vyloučení žen

80%

Krizkova A., Penner A., Petersen T.

Gender, rovné příležitosti, výzkum (Gender, Equal Opportunities, Research)

|

2008

|

vol. 9

|

issue 2

55-67

EN

Using company-level data from the Czech Republic dating from the years 1998, 2002, and 2004, the article examines whether the introduction of legislative measures aimed at gender equality in connection with the country's accession to the European Union had significant effects on gender wage gaps. The main conclusion of the analysis is that within-job wage discrimination is a significant factor in the Czech labour market and that there were no substantive changes during the period studied. Women doing the same job in the same company earn about 10 per cent less than men in the Czech Republic. Much of the gender wage gap can be explained by horizontal and vertical gender segregation of the labour market. The lowest gender wage gaps are found in firms and groups of employees that are representative of or have strong ties to the socialist past. The article concludes with speculations about whether motherhood and the double-burden of women, combined with the lack of respect and authority accorded the path dependent legal system, results in legislative changes having little impact on practices in Czech society and in persistence gender wage discrimination.

13

PROBLÉM INTERPRETÁCIE UMELECKÉHO DIELA A MOŽNOSTI NAŠEJ SKÚSENOSTI

70%

Šedík M.

Filozofia (Philosophy)

|

2014

|

vol. 69

|

issue 8

666 – 677

EN

The paper examines different philosophical interpretations of a work of art as related to our experience and it´s ability. The first part gives an analysis of the process of interpretation with regard to different approaches to the problem of ontology of art. The paper also tries to answer the question of the limitations of interpretation and its place in our experiencing a work of art. Last, but not least, it is showed, how the interpretation could enhance the limits of our artistic experience.

14

Różne obszary dyskryminacji. czy można mówić o dyskryminacji osób niepełnosprawnych w przestrzeni politycznej na przykładzie polski?

70%

Zielińska S.

Pogranicze. Studia Społeczne

|

2013

|

vol. 22

215-229

EN

Human rights protection system defnes the rights of not only single individu- als, but whole groups of society. Te political space is a visible area that is not quite „free” from the manifestations of unequal treatment. Examples are, even minimal, noticeable on the political agenda and the electoral environment targeted at people with disabilities foundation program / election. It is worth considering the direction in which this phenomenon should evolve. Both the analyzed programs as well as slogans appearing before the actual announcement of the election campaign and the political debates arise the need for a slogan of the new legislation, or improvements of existing legislation. But it would be most efective work across party lines, the implementation of the multi-phase, regardless of the parliamentary majority and non-parliamentary party, environ- mental activities for people with disabilities.

15

PURIZMUS V DISKRIMINAČNOM DISKURZE II.

70%

Ondrejovič S.

Slovenská reč (Slovak Language)

|

2020

|

vol. 85

|

issue 3

243 – 264

EN

The author develops some ideas and suggestions of Juraj Dolník, the principal author of the project Discriminatory Instrumentalization of the Language, as well as ideas and motives from Dolník´s monographic works and studies (especially Dolník, 2007, 2010, 2015, 2017, 2020), or as well as some works written by like-minded domestic and foreign authors. Discrimination occurs in particular when the assimilation security of the discriminated entity is distorted at the level of harmful differentiation, unequal treatment and disadvantage. The author also adds another aspect of discriminatory activities, or another aspect of distortion of the assimilation certainty – limitation (restriction), or inhibition (impeding, slowing down) of the real application and positive use of the potential offered by living natural language to its users, which they use (or do not use) at a different level for different purposes depending on their needs or situation. This text also engages purism and relevant ideologies in discriminatory discourse. Purist language care focuses on maintaining the language standard, and thus on reducing any changes in the language, as if in the interest of the language. In addition, purists strongly oppose words of foreign origin, which also does not contribute to the health of the language. Stability has never meant, and does not mean, its immutability, and in fact for this reason, even in modern linguistics, there has been no discussion of any stability, but only of flexible stability. The standard therefore adapts as required by language and life practice. The paper also analyses discriminatory acts related to purism and their ideologies, such as protectionism, defeatism, conservatism, purism, homonogenism, decadentism, etc. It also discusses the correlation between discrimination and globalism, the relationship between purism, nationalism and totalitarianism, the relationship between multilingualism and the concept of lingua franca within the European Union, as well as the relationship between systemological and sociopragmatic linguistics.

16

O RELACJI MIĘDZY SYSTEMOWYM A SPOŁECZNYM OBLICZEM KSENOFOBII W POLSCE

70%

Bulandra A., Kościółek J.

Studia Migracyjne - Przegląd Polonijny

|

2014

|

vol. 40

|

issue 4(154)

75-94

EN

This article concentrates on the socio-political situation of foreigners migrating to Poland and on the social climate related to their presence. In the latter subject special emphasis will be put on the attitude of Poles towards emigrants. We point to the relations which develop between institutionalized xenophobia, i.e. the creation of administrative barriers for mobility, and the distrust Poles present towards foreigners. The research problem is defined broadly as it encompasses a historical analysis of the perception of the notion of migration, the cultural meaning of migration, and legal issues pertaining to controlling international mobility. Based on numerous research projects, reports and case studies we recognize the mechanisms which inhibit the development of space for ethnic diversity in Poland and limit the contemporary society’s openness towards the settlement of foreigners.

17

PRÁVNA REGULÁCIA SEXIZMU V REKLAME – ZÁKLADNÉ VÝCHODISKÁ

70%

Zlocha Ľ.

Právny obzor. Teoretický časopis pre otázky štátu a práva (Juridical Review. Theoretical journal for the questions of state and law)

|

2023

|

vol. 106

|

issue 2

99 – 115

EN

The presented article deals with the regulation of sexism in advertising, especially from the point of view of public law regulation. In the introduction, the author discusses the general definitions. Before the author proceeded to the analysis of the sexist elements in advertising practice, he defined the constitutional anchoring of the protection of advertising as such, as initially there were various controversies as to whether it is even possible to consider advertising as a means of exercising freedom of expression. The primary purpose of the article is to define the scope of the legal regulation of sexism in advertising in the Advertising Act and the method of application of the currently valid legislation by Slovak public authorities and courts. The author points to the jurisprudence of foreign courts and the European Court of Human Rights.

18

THE CONCEPTUAL DETERMINATION OF DISCRIMINATION AND EQUAL OPPORTUNITY IN THE EDUCATION

70%

Laki I.

Tarsadalomkutatas (Social Science Research)

|

2008

|

vol. 25

|

issue 3

389-397

EN

The present paper wishes to demonstrate the situation of people living with disabilities and the related interpretations. People living with disabilities are a prominent social problem in the Hungarian society today, trying to conform not only to the European Union, but also to the Hungarian system. In the study, the author objective is to draw attention to what exactly the meaning of discrimination is, the frames of its interpretation and how it affects people living with disabilities. He also examines what it means to be disabled, what perspectives this group has in social integration concerning their acceptance and their participation in the education system. He is convinced that the Hungarian society is still not able to properly handle the situation of living with disabilities, nor help their social integration.

19

ŽÍT SE CTÍ ANEB ÚČAST VĚRY BĚHALOVÉ NA CÍRKEVNÍM PROCESU BÁRTA A SPOL. NA POČÁTKU 50. LET 20. STOLETÍ

70%

Rodan K.

Studia Historica Nitriensia

|

2018

|

vol. 22

|

issue 1

132 – 154

EN

Religious discrimination lawsuits of the late 1940s and early 1950s are one of the darkest chapters of Czechoslovak history. In the largest of these (Bárta and Comp.), the late art historian Věra Běhalová (1922–2010) was sentenced to treason and spying at the beginning of November 1952, Věra Běhalová conscientious Catholic and female employee of the French Embassy, at the request of Charles University professor Růžena Vacková, was instructed to deliver a secret correspondence and send it by diplomatic post to the capitalist countries. The seven-year sentence was served by Věra Běhalová in full across a number of Czechoslovakian prisons, including in famous Želiezovce near Nitra in Slovakia. The desire to study forced Věra Běhalová, to immigrate in October 1969 to Austria where she studied at the University of Vienna and became famous in her field. Thanks to her unfortunate fate, she worked for the Czech diaspora abroad and helped Czech students and scientists altruisticly.

20

PURIZMUS V DISKRIMINAČNOM DISKURZE I.

70%

Ondrejovič S.

Slovenská reč (Slovak Language)

|

2020

|

vol. 85

|

issue 2

127 – 142

EN

The author develops some ideas and suggestions of Juraj Dolník, the principal author of the project Discriminatory Instrumentalization of the Language, as well as ideas and motives from Dolník´s monographic works and studies (especially Dolník, 2007, 2010, 2015, 2017, 2020), or as well as some works written by like-minded domestic and foreign authors. Discrimination occurs in particular when the assimilation security of the discriminated entity is distorted at the level of harmful differentiation, unequal treatment and disadvantage. The author also adds another aspect of discriminatory activities, or another aspect of distortion of the assimilation certainty – limitation (restriction), or inhibition (impeding, slowing down) of the real application and positive use of the potential offered by living natural language to its users, which they use (or do not use) at a different level for different purposes depending on their needs or situation. This text also engages purism and relevant ideologies in discriminatory discourse. Purist language care focuses on maintaining the language standard, and thus on reducing any changes in the language, as if in the interest of the language. In addition, purists strongly oppose words of foreign origin, which also does not contribute to the health of the language. Stability has never meant, and does not mean, its immutability, and in fact for this reason, even in modern linguistics, there has been no discussion of any stability, but only of flexible stability. The standard therefore adapts as required by language and life practice. The paper also analyses discriminatory acts related to purism and their ideologies, such as protectionism, defeatism, conservatism, purism, homonogenism, decadentism, etc. It also discusses the correlation between discrimination and globalism, the relationship between purism, nationalism and totalitarianism, the relationship between multilingualism and the concept of lingua franca within the European Union, as well as the relationship between systemological and sociopragmatic linguistics.

Refine search results

RIGHTS OF PERSONS BELONGING TO THE NATIONAL MINORITIES IN INTERNATIONAL LAW

Studies on Discrimination in Employee Remuneration

Charakter prawny odszkodowania za dyskryminację w zatrudnieniu

Intolerance towards national minorities and ethnic groups: the case of Romany

Primary-school segregation II. The process of primary-school segregation in Hungary and performance differences between schools.

Tożsamość jednostek i grup dyskryminowanych w perspektywie socjologicznej

STEREOTYPES AND PREJUDICE TOWARDS WOMEN MANAGERS: AN EXPERIMENTAL ILLUSTRATION USING THE GOLDBERG-PARADIGM IN A ROMANIAN SAMPLE

Segregation in the primary-school system, I. Causes and consequences.

The employment of the Roma at the end of the 20th century

Discrimination in shopping centers

Discrimination practices in social assistance

Genderové nerovnosti v odměňování na stejné pracovní pozici: sociální vyloučení žen

PROBLÉM INTERPRETÁCIE UMELECKÉHO DIELA A MOŽNOSTI NAŠEJ SKÚSENOSTI

Różne obszary dyskryminacji. czy można mówić o dyskryminacji osób niepełnosprawnych w przestrzeni politycznej na przykładzie polski?

PURIZMUS V DISKRIMINAČNOM DISKURZE II.

O RELACJI MIĘDZY SYSTEMOWYM A SPOŁECZNYM OBLICZEM KSENOFOBII W POLSCE

PRÁVNA REGULÁCIA SEXIZMU V REKLAME – ZÁKLADNÉ VÝCHODISKÁ

THE CONCEPTUAL DETERMINATION OF DISCRIMINATION AND EQUAL OPPORTUNITY IN THE EDUCATION

ŽÍT SE CTÍ ANEB ÚČAST VĚRY BĚHALOVÉ NA CÍRKEVNÍM PROCESU BÁRTA A SPOL. NA POČÁTKU 50. LET 20. STOLETÍ

PURIZMUS V DISKRIMINAČNOM DISKURZE I.